RSAUTL(1)

NAME
openssl-rsautl, rsautl - RSA utility

SYNOPSIS
openssl rsautl [-help] [-in file] [-out file] [-inkey file] [-keyform PEM|DER|ENGINE] [-pubin] [-certin] [-sign] [-verify] [-encrypt] [-decrypt] [-rand file...] [-writerand file] [-pkcs] [-ssl] [-raw] [-hexdump] [-asn1parse]

DESCRIPTION
The rsautl command can be used to sign, verify, encrypt and decrypt data using the RSA algorithm.

OPTIONS

-help
    Print out a usage message.

-in filename
    This specifies the input filename to read data from or standard input if this option is not specified.

-out filename
    Specifies the output filename to write to or standard output by default.

-inkey file
    The input key file, by default it should be an RSA private key.

-keyform PEM|DER|ENGINE
    The key format PEM, DER or ENGINE.

-pubin
    The input file is an RSA public key.

-certin
    The input is a certificate containing an RSA public key.

-sign
    Sign the input data and output the signed result. This requires an RSA private key.

-verify
    Verify the input data and output the recovered data.

-encrypt
    Encrypt the input data using an RSA public key.

-decrypt
    Decrypt the input data using an RSA private key.

-rand file...
    A file or files containing random data used to seed the random number generator. Multiple files can be specified separated by an OS-dependent character. The separator is ; for MS-Windows, , for OpenVMS, and : for all others.

[-writerand file]
    Writes random data to the specified file upon exit. This can be used with a subsequent -rand flag.

-pkcs, -oaep, -ssl, -raw
    The padding to use: PKCS#1 v1.5 (the default), PKCS#1 OAEP, special padding used in SSL v2 backwards compatible handshakes, or no padding, respectively. For signatures, only -pkcs and -raw can be used.

-hexdump
    Hex dump the output data.

-asn1parse
    Parse the ASN.1 output data, this is useful when combined with the -verify option.

NOTES
rsautl because it uses the RSA algorithm directly can only be used to sign or verify small pieces of data.

EXAMPLES
Sign some data using a private key:

 openssl rsautl -sign -in file -inkey key.pem -out sig

Recover the signed data

 openssl rsautl -verify -in sig -inkey key.pem

Examine the raw signed data:

 openssl rsautl -verify -in sig -inkey key.pem -raw -hexdump

 0000 - 00 01 ff ff ff ff ff ff-ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff   ................
 0010 - ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff-ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff   ................
 0020 - ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff-ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff   ................
 0030 - ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff-ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff   ................
 0040 - ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff-ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff   ................
 0050 - ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff-ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff   ................
 0060 - ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff-ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff   ................
 0070 - ff ff ff ff 00 68 65 6c-6c 6f 20 77 6f 72 6c 64   .....hello world

The PKCS#1 block formatting is evident from this. If this was done using encrypt and decrypt the block would have been of type 2 (the second byte) and random padding data visible instead of the 0xff bytes.

It is possible to analyse the signature of certificates using this utility in conjunction with asn1parse. Consider the self signed example in certs/pca-cert.pem . Running asn1parse as follows yields:

 openssl asn1parse -in pca-cert.pem

    0:d=0  hl=4 l= 742 cons: SEQUENCE
    4:d=1  hl=4 l= 591 cons:  SEQUENCE
    8:d=2  hl=2 l=   3 cons:   cont [ 0 ]
   10:d=3  hl=2 l=   1 prim:    INTEGER           :02
   13:d=2  hl=2 l=   1 prim:   INTEGER           :00
   16:d=2  hl=2 l=  13 cons:   SEQUENCE
   18:d=3  hl=2 l=   9 prim:    OBJECT            :md5WithRSAEncryption
   29:d=3  hl=2 l=   0 prim:    NULL
   31:d=2  hl=2 l=  92 cons:   SEQUENCE
   33:d=3  hl=2 l=  11 cons:    SET
   35:d=4  hl=2 l=   9 cons:     SEQUENCE
   37:d=5  hl=2 l=   3 prim:      OBJECT            :countryName
   42:d=5  hl=2 l=   2 prim:      PRINTABLESTRING   :AU
  ....
  599:d=1  hl=2 l=  13 cons:  SEQUENCE
  601:d=2  hl=2 l=   9 prim:   OBJECT            :md5WithRSAEncryption
  612:d=2  hl=2 l=   0 prim:   NULL
  614:d=1  hl=3 l= 129 prim:  BIT STRING

The final BIT STRING contains the actual signature. It can be extracted with:

 openssl asn1parse -in pca-cert.pem -out sig -noout -strparse 614

The certificate public key can be extracted with:

 openssl x509 -in test/testx509.pem -pubkey -noout >pubkey.pem

The signature can be analysed with:

 openssl rsautl -in sig -verify -asn1parse -inkey pubkey.pem -pubin

    0:d=0  hl=2 l=  32 cons: SEQUENCE
    2:d=1  hl=2 l=  12 cons:  SEQUENCE
    4:d=2  hl=2 l=   8 prim:   OBJECT            :md5
   14:d=2  hl=2 l=   0 prim:   NULL
   16:d=1  hl=2 l=  16 prim:  OCTET STRING
      0000 - f3 46 9e aa 1a 4a 73 c9-37 ea 93 00 48 25 08 b5   .F...Js.7...H%..

This is the parsed version of an ASN1 DigestInfo structure. It can be seen that the digest used was md5. The actual part of the certificate that was signed can be extracted with:

 openssl asn1parse -in pca-cert.pem -out tbs -noout -strparse 4

and its digest computed with:

 openssl md5 -c tbs
 MD5(tbs)= f3:46:9e:aa:1a:4a:73:c9:37:ea:93:00:48:25:08:b5

which it can be seen agrees with the recovered value above.

SEE ALSO
dgst(1), rsa(1), genrsa(1)

COPYRIGHT
Copyright 2000-2017 The OpenSSL Project Authors. All Rights Reserved.

Licensed under the OpenSSL license (the "License"). You may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You can obtain a copy in the file LICENSE in the source distribution or at <https://www.openssl.org/source/license.html>.