CBB A Check Book Balancer for Unix/X11
Keywords: cbb-man

# CBB
A Check Book Balancer
for Unix/X11

Written by Curtis L. Olson
`curt@infoplane.com`
with many contributions from others.
Copyright © 1994 - 1997 by Curtis L. Olson.

This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.

This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.

You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.

## Contents

- 1 Introduction
- 2 Important Information
  - 2.1 Contacting the Author
  - 2.2 The CBB Mailing List
  - 2.3 Availability
  - 2.4 Prerequisites
  - 2.5 Installation
    - 2.5.1 Normal Installation
    - 2.5.2 Upgrading CBB
  - 2.6 Advanced Installation Issues
    - 2.6.1 Avoiding Older Perl Versions
    - 2.6.2 Automating the Install Script
    - 2.6.3 Package Maintainer Install Options
  - 2.7 Migrating Data Files to Version 0.60 or Later
    - 2.7.1 Data File Format
    - BEST Pre-Version-0.60 to Current-Version Migration Procedure
    - OLD Pre-Version-0.60 to Current-Version Migration Procedure
- 3 CBB Tutorial
  - 3.1 Quick Overview
  - 3.2 Create a demo Account
  - 3.3 Import Some Data
  - 3.4 Edit Transactions
  - 3.5 Balance the Account
  - 3.6 Reports and Graphs
  - 3.7 Saving and Exiting CBB
- 4 CBB Reference Manual
  - 4.1 Making New Accounts
    - 4.1.1 Creating From Scratch
    - 4.1.2 Importing Quicken Data
    - 4.1.3 Setting an Initial Balance
  - 4.2 Editing Transactions
    - 4.2.1 Overview
    - 4.2.2 General Key Bindings
    - 4.2.3 Specific Key Bindings for the Check Number field
    - 4.2.4 Specific Key Bindings for the Date field
    - 4.2.5 Splits
    - 4.2.6 Memorized Transactions
  - 4.3 Categories
    - 4.3.1 Viewing Categories
    - 4.3.2 Creating Categories
    - 4.3.3 Deleting Categories
  - 4.4 Transfers Between Accounts
  - 4.5 Balancing
  - 4.6 Reporting
    - 4.6.1 Transaction List
    - 4.6.2 Transaction List By Category
    - 4.6.3 Short List By Category
    - 4.6.4 Missing Checks
    - 4.6.5 Average Monthly Expenses by Category
  - 4.7 Graphing
    - 4.7.1 Graph of Running Balance
  - 4.8 Preferences
  - 4.9 Saving your work
  - 4.10 Importing and Exporting
    - 4.10.1 Importing from Quicken
    - 4.10.2 Exporting to Quicken
  - 4.11 Security Issues
    - 4.11.1 Umasks and Default Permissions
    - 4.11.2 Data Encryption
      - Enabling Encryption:
      - Compatible Encryption Software:
      - Configuring the Key:
      - Saving the Preferences:
      - Other Items to Note:
      - Possible Bugs:
- 5 Contributed scripts
  - 5.1 Fetching and Installing the Latest Greatest CBB
  - 5.2 Investment Accounts
  - 5.3 Migrating from Previous Data File Formats
  - 5.4 Managing Recurring Transactions
    - 5.4.1 Overview of the `recur.pl` script
    - 5.4.2 Config file format
  - 5.5 Keeping a Manageable Data File Size
  - 5.6 Alternative Interfaces to CBB
    - 5.6.1 Txn
    - 5.6.2 Emacs Forms Mode
    - 5.6.3 Your Favorite Editor
    - 5.6.4 Other Options
- 6 CBB Internals
  - 6.1 The ``.cbbrc.tcl'' File
  - 6.2 The External Menu
  - 6.3 Creating and Installing New Reports
  - 6.4 Creating and Installing New Graphs
  - 6.5 The Devel Menu
  - 6.6 Logging
- 7 Frequently Asked Questions
- About this document ...

# 1 Introduction

CBB is a personal finance management utility for Unix/X11. It is written entirely in Perl and Tcl/Tk so it is very portable and very extendable. It is a program for anyone who would like to balance their checkbook and manage their money using free software under Unix and X11.

CBB is intended to be an open, extensible program. It utilizes a simple, tab-delimited data file format and, because it is written entirely in Perl and Tcl/Tk, it is very modifiable. In addition, it provides a simple interface for users to add their own reports, graphs, and external modules without modifying any of the CBB source.

The name, CBB, stands for the Check Book Balancer. It is intended to fit well in the Unix naming scheme where commands should be short and easy to type. Every once in a while I try to think of something a little more creating, but as of yet, nothing has come to mind.

CBB has now existed for more than two and a half years. Version 0.60 represented a fairly substantial reworking/reorganization of version 0.53--although this may not always be immediately visible on the surface. Version 0.62 represented a substantial amount of rework to better support tk4.0. Now, versions 0.70 and later look much spiffier and sport completely reworked internals, plus many new features, tweaks, and fixes.

I sincerely hope you can find CBB useful in your day to day and year to year money management. I am always working to improve this program so please send in your comments, suggestions, and complaints.

# 2 Important Information

## 2.1 Contacting the Author

If you would like to contact me, you may send email to `curt@infoplane.com`. Although sometimes the business of life gets the best of me, I will do my best to respond in a timely manner and address your issue or concern.

## 2.2 The CBB Mailing List

The address for the CBB mailing list is `cbbers@infoplane.com`. To subscribe, send a message to `cbbers-request@infoplane.com` with a message body of `subscribe`. To unsubscribe, send a message to `cbbers-request@infoplane.com` with a message body of `unsubscribe`. Recent messages to this list are archived at:

        http://www.menet.umn.edu/~curt/cbb/mail.archive/

## 2.3 Availability

The current version of CBB is always available via anonymous ftp from one of the following sites:

        ftp://ftp.me.umn.edu/pub/finance/cbb-latest.tar.gz
        ftp://ftp.fifi.org/pub/cbb/cbb-latest.tar.gz

## 2.4 Prerequisites

CBB is written in Perl and Tcl/Tk. These need to be installed on your system before you can can continue. Note, CBB now requires tk4.0 or higher and perl5.002 or higher. If you notice any problems or incompatibilities please let me know.

Tcl and Tk are available via anonymous ftp from:

       ftp://ftp.smli.com/pub/tcl/

Note, the Tcl FAQ has a list of mirror sites. You can read the FAQ online at:

       http://www.cis.ohio-state.edu/hypertext/faq/usenet/tcl-faq/top.html

Perl is available via anonymous ftp from:

        prep.ai.mit.edu:/pub/gnu/perl-5.***.tar.gz
        ftp.cs.umn.edu:/pub/gnu/perl-5.***.tar.gz

## 2.5 Installation

For most systems and environments, installing CBB will be very straightforward. Simply follow the instructions in section 2.5.1.

### 2.5.1 Normal Installation

Gunzip and untar the distribution file and cd to the newly created directory and run:

        make install

Specify the location of `perl5` and `wish4.x` and specify where you would like the executables and associated files installed.

### 2.5.2 Upgrading CBB

Periodically, new version of CBB are released. Most of the general laws of computer upgrades apply to CBB. Although I go to great efforts to ensure new versions work better than the previous version, occasionally problems creep in. Use a good measure of caution (such as backing up your data files, and keeping a copy of the previous version of CBB) when upgrading this or any other component of your system.

Once you have CBB installed and running, and if you are ``net'' connected, upgrading to the latest version is trivial. Just follow the simple instructions in section 5.1.

You can manually upgrade CBB by simply installing the new version over the top of the old. Be aware that I occassionally add, remove, or change the names of files in the distribution. Over time, old, outdated, useless files could accumulate in the CBB lib directory.

## 2.6 Advanced Installation Issues

The environments and needs of users are often widely varied. The CBB install script supports several additional options. If you are having trouble installing CBB, you may want to read through this section for ideas.

### 2.6.1 Avoiding Older Perl Versions

If the copy of perl that comes first in your path is an older version (such as perl4) and you have perl5 located someplace else on your system, you can use the following command to install CBB:

        make PERL=/path/to/newer/copy/of/perl install

### 2.6.2 Automating the Install Script

The CBB install script by default is interactive and askes several questions. Running `make install` simply runs the install script, and nothing else. If you run the install script by hand, `./install.pl` you can pass it several command line options. The following options are available:

        --help:             Display the usage message.
        --perlpath <path>:  Full pathname to perl interpreter.
        --wishpath <path>:  Full pathname to wish interpreter.
        --bindir <dir>:     Directory to install executables.
        --libdir <dir>:     Directory to install support files.

If you specify any one of the above paths from the command line, the install script will not prompt for it.

### 2.6.3 Package Maintainer Install Options

The CBB install script has two addtional options to assist package maintainers. Most Unix operating systems have a ``package'' format for installing packages. Packages are convenient because they can be quickly and easily installed, upgraded, and deinstalled. The software come preconfigured in the package. Unfortunately most versions of Unix have their own incompatible package format.

However, if you are a package maintainer for some brand of Unix, the following options will interest you:

        --prefix <dir>:   Root directory where CBB will eventually be
                          installed and run from ... this is where CBB
                          thinks it lives.
        --destdir <dir>:  Root directory where CBB will actually be
                          installed right now for package building
                          purposes.  It is assumed that once the package
                          is installed, CBB will reside in the --prefix
                          directory.

These options allow you to install CBB in a one directory, but modify the internal variables and pointers to make CBB think it has been installed in a completely different directory tree.

## 2.7 Migrating Data Files to Version 0.60 or Later

If you are upgrading from a pre-0.60 version, you will need to upgrade your data files as well.

If you are not upgrading from a pre 0.60 version, you can safely skip this section. This section describes the procedure to migrate your data files from the pre-0.60 format to the current format.

The initial versions of CBB saved its data in an ASCII text file with the fields delimited by the `:' character. However, not too far into this CBB project (at version 0.50a I believe) I switched my thinking and decided to take advantage of perl's dbm support. This has one primary advantage. Any changes made to the data file are immediately saved. This also has some disadvantages. It tends to close off the data file so it can only be manipulated from within CBB. This is good from a ``data encapsulation'' perspective, but it suddenly becomes a problem if the data file needs to be manipulated in a way which CBB doesn't support. Another point to note is that because perl is so good at slurping in text files, and because of certain constraints imposed by the Tk front end, using the dbm format did not provide any speed advantage. In fact, for certain operations I noted a speed decrease.

With the above observations in mind, I decided to come full circle and return to saving CBB data files in an open ASCII format by default. The astute among you may observe that ASCII files have one major disadvantage. They are only saved at the user's request. So, one hapless user working all day without saving + one unexpected power outage, one press of the reset button, or one of any other creative ways people invent to destroy their data = trouble. To counter this problem, I created an auto save feature. At regular intervals, if the current data file has been modified, it is saved to a temporary file. This greatly reduces the risk of data loss stupidity or acts of God--or acts of God in response to our stupidity.

### 2.7.1 Data File Format

The ASCII data file format is defined to be one record per line with the fields delimited by the `<tab>` character. CBB saves the following fields in this order: date, check number, description, debit amount, credit amount, category, comment, and the cleared flag. Please feel free (in fact, I encourage you) to view a CBB data file with any text viewer (more or less.) The format is mostly self explanitory.

### BEST Pre-Version-0.60 to Current-Version Migration Procedure

REMEMBER to always backup up your data before doing anything radical to it.

The easiest and simplest way convert your data files is to export them to the ``CBB'' format using your pre-0.60 version of CBB. This is a slightly different format than current versions of CBB use, but current versions of CBB will be able to detect this slightly different format and load the files correctly. When you save the file from the new version of CBB is will be save in the new format.

### OLD Pre-Version-0.60 to Current-Version Migration Procedure

This section describes a perl script which automates the conversion of data file formats. However it is rumored to only work with perl4 and not perl5. All other parts of CBB require perl5.002 or greater. Please be careful with this script and always back up your data before you do anything radical. ``Your millage may vary.''

I have provided a perl script to automate the data file migration, `migrate-to-0.60a.pl`. It is located in the `contrib` subdirectory of the `distribution-dir` directory.

1. Backup your data file directory. Do it now!!!
2. `cd $CBB_LIB_DIR/contrib`
3. `migrate-to-0.60a.pl <data-dir>`
4. Choose whether you want to migrain (oops I mean migrate) to ASCII or dbm format. Type `ascii` or `dbm`. I personally recommend using the ASCII format, unless you have strong convictions otherwise.

The migrate script will perform the following tasks:

1. Convert categories file from `:' delimited to `<tab>` delimited, and save it in an ASCII format.
2. Remove any `*.bal.dir` and `*.bal.pag`. These have always been redundant from CBB's perspective.
3. Rename all `$file.txn.dir` to `$file.dir`, and all `$file.txn.pag` to `$file.pag`. This makes for a slightly more pleasant naming scheme.
4. Open each `$file.dir` and convert all transactions from `:' delimited to `<tab>` delimited.
5. If migrating to ASCII, save file to ASCII CBB format and delete dbm file.

When the script has finished, your data files should be all set for your new version of CBB. Start up CBB and poke around your files a bit. If you notice any problems, let me know immediately--and be glad you backed up all your data like I suggested earlier.

# 3 CBB Tutorial

So, you want to go for a little test drive? Want to see how or if this thing works? Want to send me a 21 inch monitor? Just checking. :-) Well, read on ...

The following procedure will lead you through the process of creating a new account, importing some data, editing transactions, and balancing your account.

## 3.1 Quick Overview

First, here is the ``one-paragraph'' version of this manual. To use CBB, first make a directory where you would like to keep your group of accounts. Then, go to this directory, run cbb, and make your account(s). Optionally you could choose to import the default categories, but this can be done at any time. Next, load the desired account (if it is not already loaded) and create, delete, and edit transactions to your hearts content. When your statement arrives in the mail, balance your account. Meanwhile, you have been printing some reports, viewing some graphs, maybe setting up some recurring transactions, and hopefully managing your money better than before you started using CBB!

## 3.2 Create a demo Account

Ok, so you've just installed CBB. What now? Well, if you are like me, you will have already run it a few times before you cracked open the manual and read all the way down to here. So go ahead and lauch CBB again. The first thing you need to do is create an account.

1. Run `CBB` by typing `cbb`.
2. Select `Make New Account ...` from the `File` menu.
3. Enter an account name (i.e. `my-demo.cbb`) and an account description (i.e. `My Demo Account`).
4. Click on the `Create Account` button. Your new account will be created, and added to the master account list at the bottom of the main window. The name of the account will also be added to the category list (i.e. `[my-demo]`). This category is used to specify transfers between accounts.
5. You will be warned about not having a categories file. This is perfectly normal at this point. An empty categories file will be created for you.
6. If you like, pull down the `Functions` menu and select `Categories -> Add Default Categories` to create a bunch of default categories.

## 3.3 Import Some Data

Now that you have created an account it is time to enter a few transactions. If you like, you can import some sample data to save your fingers from the brutalities of typing. Otherwise, feel free to skip this section and enter your own transactions. The CBB distribution comes with some sample data just for this tutorial.

1. Select `Import QIF File ...` from the `File` menu.
2. You will be presented with a file selection dialog box. Navigate your way to the CBB distribution directory. Beneath the distribution directory is a demo directory. Go to the demo directory and find the file named `demo.qif`. Double click on this file to select it and import it.

## 3.4 Edit Transactions

Now, that you have some data to play with, try editing a transaction. Click the ``!'' box or hit enter to commit the transaction. Click the ``X'' box or type `<Meta-N>` to clear the entry boxes and start over.

Now try creating new transactions.

Try playing around with ``splits'' to specify more than one category for a transaction. Feel free to explore the menus and buttons until you get the hang of things. You can refer to Section 4.2 for a more detailed description of transaction editing.

## 3.5 Balance the Account

Now, lets pretend you just received your bank statement in the mail and you want to reconcile your new account. Lets also pretend that you didn't mess thing up too bad back in Section 3.4.

1. Find the `Balance` button towards the bottom right hand corner of the window and click on it. This will bring up a list of all ``uncleared'' transactions.
2. Enter a statement ending balance of `1740.00`. (Leave the statement beginning balance as `0.00`.)
3. Select the first four transactions as well as the sixth transaction. (Just pretend these were the ones that showed up on your statement.) Note, as you select transactions, watch the `Debits = n, Credits = n, Difference = n` line.
4. When the starting balance - withdrawals + deposits = ending balance, click on the `Update` button to mark all the selected transactions as cleared.
5. Congratulations: your account is (hopefully) balanced.

When your next statement arrives and you run the balance routine again, you will only be presented with ``uncleared'' transactions to select. This is a good way to spot old checks that never were cashed ...such as your mortgage payment that got ``lost in the mail.'' Note: by balancing your checkbook in this manner, two good things happen. The first is, when your brother finally cashes that check for $100.00 - many months after you wrote it - your bank balance doesn't suddenly drop -$100.00 from where you think it should be. That transaction had always been entered and subtracted out of your bank balance. The second good thing is that it is easy to spot these sorts of situations so that you can call up your brother and pester him to cash the check.

## 3.6 Reports and Graphs

Now that you have entered a bit of data, you may want to ``understand'' your data at a deeper level. CBB comes with several reports and graphs which can help you get a better idea of where and how your money is being spent. Feel free to look at a few reports and graphs at this point.

## 3.7 Saving and Exiting CBB

Wow! You've been slaving away for the last 10 minutes perfecting your demo account. Great job! That is about all there is to it. CBB isn't rocket science. It just boils down ``plus and minus''. Since this is not real data, you probably don't care to save it. However, if this had been an actual account, you most definitely would want to save your hard work. CBB stores all your changes in memory, so you must save the account before you quit. If your forget to save your work before you quit, CBB will remind you to do this. If you do something awful, like reboot your machine or log out without saving, you are not completely out of luck. CBB periodically saves a backup copy of your account with a file name of `#account.cbb#`. When you reload your account, CBB will notice the autosave file and ask if you want to load it instead. Under normal circumstances you will want to answer yes. If you aren't sure, don't do anything. Exit CBB, go to your data directory and look at the files manually to make sure which version is the one you want.

# 4 CBB Reference Manual

## 4.1 Making New Accounts

### 4.1.1 Creating From Scratch

To create a new account from scratch, choose `Make New Account ...` from the `File` menu. Enter the account name without any extension. (CBB will automatically add a `.cbb` to the name you provide.) This account name will become a category of the form `[acct-name] description` for use in transfers between accounts. Section 4.4 explains how transfers work. Next enter a description for this account. When you satisfied with your name and description, click on the `Create Account` button and your new empty account will be created and loaded.

### 4.1.2 Importing Quicken Data

To create a new account based on exported Quicken data, create a new account from scratch as described in the previous subsection. Once the account has been created, Quicken data can be imported into it. Importing data from Quicken is explained in Section 4.10.1.

### 4.1.3 Setting an Initial Balance

Setting an initial balance for an account is as simple as creating a first transaction with a credit amount equal to the initial balance.

## 4.2 Editing Transactions

### 4.2.1 Overview

At all times in CBB (except for those times when you are doing other things) you are either creating new transactions, or editing existing transactions. Other operations such as balancing may temporarily suspend the entry, but when the chosen function is completed, you are returned to your current edit or insert operation.

At any time you can abort the current edit or insert operation by initiating a new edit or insert or by clicking the ``X'' button to the right of the entry area.

When you are satisfied with the current contents of the edit area, hit `Return` or click the ``!'' button to the right of the entry area and the transaction will be updated. If you are creating a new transaction, it will be inserted. If if you are editing an existing transaction, it will be updated.

### 4.2.2 General Key Bindings

Tk4.x provides several standard key bindings to facilitate data entry. These tend to mimic emacs key bindings. Figure 1 shows a list of some of the more useful of these key bindings. For those hackers among us: look in `$(TK_LIB_DIR)/entry.tcl` for a complete list of key/mouse bindings.

Figure 1: General Key Bindings.

### 4.2.3 Specific Key Bindings for the Check Number field

When the focus is in the check number field you can use the `+` and `-` keys to increment and decrement the number. CBB remembers the last check number you used, so when you are creating a new transaction, pressing `+` will insert the next check number. Figure 2 shows a list of these key bindings.

Figure 2: Check Number Field Bindings.

### 4.2.4 Specific Key Bindings for the Date field

The `+` and `-` keys work as you expect when the focus is in the date field. They will increment or decrement the date. CBB tries to keep track of things like leap year or even the number of days in a specific month. So, if CBB generates an illegal date such as 2/30/97 please report this as a bug. Figure 3 shows a list of these key bindings.

Figure 3: Date Field Bindings.

### 4.2.5 Splits

The `Splits` function allows you to ``split'' the value of a transaction among several different categories. Caution: Even though you may click `Dismiss` in the `Splits` window, the transaction will not be updated. You need to hit `Return` or click the ``!'' button again once the splits window is closed. Note: If the splits window does not provide enough lines, you can increase the maximum number of splits in your `.cbbrc.tcl` file.

### 4.2.6 Memorized Transactions

CBB keeps a list of transactions sorted and indexed by the description. When entering a typical transaction you would normally first specify the check number, then specify the date, then specify the description. If you have entered a similar transaction in the past, then you only need to type the first few characters of the description, hit `Tab` and the rest of the transaction is filled in for you. At this point you should make any necessary changes. Finally, you can update the transaction by hitting `Return`.

If you don't want your transaction completed (i.e. your transaction is being completed in an undesired fashion) you can type `Control-Tab` in the description field to avoid the completion feature.

The transaction is auto-completed only once per transaction. In other words, your changes won't keep getting overwritten each time you tab through the description field. Also, this feature is only activated by `Tabbing` from the description field. `Shift-Tabbing` or pressing `Return` have the same effect as they do in any other field.

Note: You can turn this feature on and off from the `File -> Preferences` menu.

## 4.3 Categories

Categories are used to give each transaction a ``type.'' This is useful for reporting, since the report can be organized by category.

### 4.3.1 Viewing Categories

Categories can be viewed by typeing `<Meta-C>` or selecting `Categories -> Category List ...` from the `Functions` menu. This brings up a list of categories. When the category list is open, double clicking on an category will paste it into the current entry. Alternatively, you can select a category and click on the `Paste` button.

### 4.3.2 Creating Categories

Adding a category is as easy as using it in a transaction. When the transaction is updated, and the category is unknown, you will be asked if you wish to add the new category. Simply fill in the category description and check the `Tax Related` box (if it is tax related.) Once you are satisfied, click on the `Add` button.

Alternatively, you can bring up the category list and click on the `Add` button.

As a last resort, you can manually edit the `categories` file. CBB stores the category file in the same subdirectory as the associated account file. Note, the fields are delimited by tabs. Have fun and be careful if you try this!

### 4.3.3 Deleting Categories

Once the category list window has been opened (see Section 4.3.1) simply select a category and click on the `Delete` button and the category will be deleted.

## 4.4 Transfers Between Accounts

When an account is created, a category of the form `[acct-name]` is also created. To create a transfer to another account, use the destination account name (enclosed in `[` and `]`) to specify the account being transfered to. When the transaction is inserted into the current account a corresponding transaction will be inserted in destination account.

WARNING: currently when a transfer transaction is edited or deleted, its corresponding transaction in the other account should be automatically changed as well. This code is not well tested at this time, so keep your eyes open if you edit transfer transactions and make sure the corresponding changes get made on the other end. CBB will warn you whenever you edit or delete a transfer transaction.

## 4.5 Balancing

Clicking on the `Balance` button will bring up a list of all ``uncleared'' transactions in a window. CBB already knows your statement beginning balance. It is simply the sum of all the cleared transactions. Verify your statement's beginning balance then enter your ending balance. Then go through all your ``uncleared'' transactions and check off all that are listed on your statement. CBB will keep a running total of the beginning balance + the transactions. When you are all done, this should equal the ending balance. If it doesn't, there is a discrepancy someplace ...which will hopefully be not too hard to track down. When everything matches, click on the `Update` button. This will ``clear'' all the selected transactions. When you balance your checkbook next month, only the ``uncleared'' transactions will be presented to you.

This technique makes it easy to spot and handle situations when some ``individual'' doesn't cash your check for 3 months ...it is still in the system and easy to spot. This way your idea of your balance stays in sync with the bank's idea of your balance. And since it is entered into CBB and subtracted from your running balance, you won't get burned when they finally do cash it.

If you notice a discrepancy that needs to be fixed while balancing, you can bring the main CBB window forward and make your changes. Then, bring the balance window forward and click the `Refresh` button. This will bring the balance window back in sync with the main window. Alternatively you could close and reopen the balance window.

## 4.6 Reporting

As of version 0.60 of CBB, I have completely reworked the reporting mechanism. Each report is actually a stand-alone, self-sufficient, executable perl script (although there is nothing magical about the use of perl, they could be written in any language.)

When you select a `Reports ...` you are presented with a dialog box. In this dialog box you can select the report you would like to print, the files you would like to include in the report, a date range, and report destination. If you wish to include all transactions up to a certain date, leave the `Starting Date` field blank. If you wish to include all transactions from a certain date on, leave the `Ending Date` field blank. To include all transactions leave both fields blank. Dates should be in the following format: `mm/dd/[[yy]yy]`. Valid dates are `5/19`, `5/19/95`, and `5/19/2095`.

Reports can be printed to a variety of destinations. If you select `Send to Screen` the report will be displayed in a window. If you select `Save to File or Pipe`, enter a file name in the appropriate field and the report will saved to that file. If you specify a file name of the form `| command`, CBB will pipe the output of the report through the specified command. For instance, if you wanted to send the report to a printer, you could enter something like:

        | nenscript -2Gr | lpr -d hp4L

### 4.6.1 Transaction List

The first report is simply a list of all transactions. It looks remarkably like the contents of the transaction list box.

### 4.6.2 Transaction List By Category

The next report displays all transactions sorted and subtotaled by category. It properly handles splits.

### 4.6.3 Short List By Category

This report is similar to the Transaction List By Category report except it omits the individual transactions and only displays the sum of the transactions for each category. It also properly handles splits.

### 4.6.4 Missing Checks

This report will scan through all the transactions of the selected accounts and find any breaks in the sequence. It will also flag any duplicate check numbers.

### 4.6.5 Average Monthly Expenses by Category

This report is a nice tool to assist in budgeting. It will show your average monthly expenses for each category.

## 4.7 Graphing

Graphing is very similar to reporting. Each graph is actually a stand-alone, self-sufficient, executable perl script which process the input data and calls a second Tk script to display the result.

When you select a graph you are presented with a dialog box similar to the one presented for report printing. You can select a graph, group of input files, and a date range. If you wish to include all transactions up to a certain date, leave the `Starting Date` field blank. If you wish to include all transactions from a certain date on, leave the `Ending Date` field blank. To include all transactions leave both fields blank. Dates should be in the following format: `mm/dd/[[yy]yy]`. Valid dates are `5/19`, `5/19/95`, and `5/19/2095`.

### 4.7.1 Graph of Running Balance

This graph is analogous to the ``Transaction List'' report. It simply plots a graph of your running balance over the specified date range.

## 4.8 Preferences

Currently, preferences need much work ...However, you can set a few things including fonts in your `.cbbrc.tcl` file.

If you have your own custom Tcl code you would like to include (such as setting your favorite key bindings) you can created a file called `.wishrc` in your home directory and place the code there. CBB will source this file if it exists after it sources your `.cbbrc.tcl` file.

## 4.9 Saving your work

All changes must be saved--or how could they be called changes.

CBB is similar to `vi` or `emacs` in that all your changes are made in RAM. So, just like you must save your work in `vi` or `emacs`, you must save your work in CBB. To do this, click on the `Save` button or select `Save Account` or `Save Account As ...` from the `File` menu.

CBB has an ``auto save'' feature. Your proposed changes are saved to a temporary file at regular intervals. (This interval defaults to 3 minutes and can be set in your `.cbbrc.tcl` file.) If CBB is killed or crashes, the autosave file will be left intact. When you startup CBB and load the account, CBB will notice the autosave file and ask you if you would like to use it instead.

And, as my great grandfather always said, ``save early and save often!''

## 4.10 Importing and Exporting

### 4.10.1 Importing from Quicken

CBB is capable of importing Quicken export files. These files are of the form `<name>.qif`. The transfer process is relatively simple.

1. Boot dos/windows. (dosemu?!?, wine?!? - anyone?) Run Quicken and open up the desired account.
2. From the `File` menu, choose `Export->Export QIF` and specify the export file name. This should be `<name>.qif`
3. Once the file is created, copy this file to someplace where you can access it from Linux.
4. Now, quickly exit from dos/windows before it begins to corrupt your mind or your machine--you stinkin' Bill Gates lover.
5. Boot Linux! Whew ...much better!
6. Run cbb.
7. Make a new account. (Or load an existing account if you wish to import the transaction into it.)
8. Select `Import QIF File ...` from the `File` menu and select the file you wish to import. Click on the `Import` button and the file will be imported into a New account.

### 4.10.2 Exporting to Quicken

CBB is also capable of generating Quicken export files. These files can be imported into Quicken. This process is also relatively simple.

1. Run cbb.
2. Load the account you would like to export.
3. Select `Export QIF File` from the `File` menu. A file called `<acct-name>.qif` will be created.
4. Move this file to dos/windows side of the world. (Use your favorite method.)
5. Boot dos/windows, run Quicken. (At this point things begin to get hazy since I've never done this ...use your noggin ...it can't be that hard.)
6. From the `File` menu, choose `Import` and specify the Import file name. This should be `<acct-name>.qif`
7. You are on your own. Enjoy your stay in dos/windows land. Say ``Hi!'' to our buddy, Bill G. for me while you are there. And while you are at it, please let me know what I can do to win back your business. :-)

## 4.11 Security Issues

Computer security is a lot like other types of security. There is no such thing as a perfect secure computer system or network. For every protection you put in place, some clever person will be able to devise a way to circumvent it. Usually when a cracker is discovered, whatever hole they leveraged to gain their illegal access can be closed. The cracker then proceeds to find a new hole. It is a never ending cycle.

Having said that, there are steps you can take to protect your personal privacy and make sure that any violation is intentional and nonaccidental.

If you are the only user of a non-networked machine, this section will probably not be your biggest concern, however, if you use CBB on a shared machine, please read on. You may wish to protect your personal financial data from being potentially viewed by others.

### 4.11.1 Umasks and Default Permissions

Starting with version 0.73, CBB sets it's umask to 0066. For those of you who aren't brushed up on bitmasks and octal numbers, this means that your data files are made to be read/write by only you. This is equivalent to executing `chmod 600 file.cbb` from the Unix command line. This means that only you or the ``super-user'' are allowed to read or modify your data.

### 4.11.2 Data Encryption

Making your data non-readable to everyone but yourself is usually sufficient in most normal circumstances. However, the most vigilant (or paranoid) users might like the additional security of keeping their data encrypted. CBB is now capable of calling an external encryption program such as ``crypt'' or ``pgp'' to encrypt and decrypt your data as needed.

WARNING: The first rule of encryption says that using cryptography programs without a proper level of understanding of what is going on is usually worse than not using any encryption at all!!!

There are many pitfalls here, so proceed only if understand what encryption can and cannot do for you, and only if you know what you are doing (in general), and make sure to keep good backups of your data (in a secure location, otherwise what good is encryption.)

#### Enabling Encryption:

In order to use the encryption features, you have to check the button `Use Cryptography` in the `Preferences` menu.

If there are no cryptography programs already defined, you will then be asked to enter your encryption and decryption program and options.

#### Compatible Encryption Software:

Basically you can use any program that follows the following criteria:

- Accepts input from stdin (the data to be encrypted/decrypted).
- Writes output to stdout (the data to be encrypted/decrypted).
- Accepts the passing of the key (cryptcode) as the last argument in the commandline.
- It should be able to identify unencrypted data and pass it along when decrypting (if you want to be able to load unencrypted when in encryption mode - this is very convenient for converting data.)

PGP fulfills these requirements if you use the following options:

Encryption:
  ```pgp -fc -z`''
Decryption:
  ```pgp -f -z`''

If you specify the encryption code of ``secret,'' CBB will then invoke pgp with `pgp -fc -z secret` to encrypt and `pgp -f -z secret` to decrypt the data.

Note that this does not use public key cryptography, but simply uses the IDEA algorithm to encrypt the data.

This way of passing the code is also a possible security leak on some systems, because other users might be able to snoop the command line arguments to pgp (Linux allows pgp to blank out this particular argument, so you cannot see it with `ps -e`).

There might be other security risks in this way of handling encryption, so please check the pgp manual.

#### Configuring the Key:

After having entered the encryption and decryption progam, you will be asked for the ``cryptcode'' (the key). You have to enter it twice (you don't want to lose data because you encrypted it with a mistyped key), and instead of letters, there should appear only "*" in the entry box.

#### Saving the Preferences:

If you now save an account, it will be encrypted. Also the preferences will be saved (they get saved each time you save an account - and only then, so save an account after changing them.) This does save the ``encrypted mode'' flag, and the encryption and decryption commands. It does not save the cryptcode (you don't want to read it in your preferences file, do you).

#### Other Items to Note:

When ``encrypted mode'' is entered, logging is turned off (no sense in having encrypted data files, if your transaction log is unencrypted). It is turned back on, if you leave ``encrypted mode.''

If you are in ``non-encrypted mode,'' you will notice that your encrypted accounts don't show any balances in the account-list anymore.

If cbb gets started in ``encrypted mode'' it will ask you automatically for your ``cryptcode'' before starting.

#### Possible Bugs:

- Pressing `cancel` in the different crypto-windows might not reset non-encrypted mode.
- Add-ons (or external scripts) that rely on being able to read the files directly will not work anymore.
- No error is reported when opening an account with a bad cryptcode (it just does not show you any entries, and allows you to overwrite the account with a blank account. This is not really a security risk, since someone who can overwrite an account from within cbb can do the same from the command line. But it is a data loss risk.

# 5 Contributed scripts

This section describes several scripts that are beyond the original scope of CBB, yet may be useful in managing your money. These scripts are installed in: `$CBB_LIB_DIR/contrib`

## 5.1 Fetching and Installing the Latest Greatest CBB

The script `fetch-latest.pl` will automatically fetch the latest version of CBB from ftp.me.umn.edu. It will then untar and gunzip it. Finally it will run the standard install procedure to install it.

You can run this script from within CBB by selecting `Fetch & Install Latest CBB` from the `External` menu. Then, answer the standard install questions when prompted. Don't forget to quit and restart CBB once the install has completed successfully.

## 5.2 Investment Accounts

The script `invest.pl` is a simple hack to help keep track of your investments. An alternative would be to use a real application like ``Xinvest''. A pointer to Xinvest can be found on the CBB web page.

The invest.pl accepts a simply formatted text file from `stdin` and writes a simple report to `stdout`. A sample input file could look like the following. Note: each field is separated by one or more tabs.

    # Date          Description             Shares  Unit Price
    #-----          -----------             ------  ----------
    19960101        Beginning of 1996       10.000  25.00
    19960201        Updated value           0.000   26.56
    19960301        Purchase more shares    10.00   25.87
    19960401        Updated value           0.000   26.04
    19961216        St Cap Gain Reinvest    1.157   26.43
    19961216        Lt Cap Gain Reinvest    1.220   26.43
    19961216        Service Fee             -0.568  26.43

Executing the command: `cat sample.inv | invest.pl` would produce the following output:

                                            Price   Total
                                    New     per     Shares  Total   Total
    Date     Description            Shares  Share   Owned   Invstd  Value
    -------- ---------------------- ------  ------  ------  ------  ------
    19960101 Beginning of 1996      10.000  25.00   10.000  250.00  250.00
    19960201 Updated value          0.000   26.56   10.000  250.00  265.60
    19960301 Purchase more shares   10.000  25.87   20.000  508.70  517.40
    19960401 Updated value          0.000   26.04   20.000  508.70  520.80
    19961216 St Cap Gain Reinvest   1.157   26.43   21.157  539.28  559.18
    19961216 Lt Cap Gain Reinvest   1.220   26.43   22.377  571.52  591.42
    19961216 Service Fee            -0.568  26.43   21.809  556.51  576.41

## 5.3 Migrating from Previous Data File Formats

Please see section 2.7, page for an explanation of this script and its use.

## 5.4 Managing Recurring Transactions

Wouldn't you like your mortgage payment to entered automatically every month? Would you like to have some idea of how much money you will have in a month, six months, or a year? Then read on. This might be just what you need.

Recurring transactions which have been automatically inserted are denoted by placing a ```?`'' in the ``cleared'' field. This is changed to a ```!`'' when the transaction date has passed. (Note: this code is changed to a ```x`'' when the transaction is cleared.)

### 5.4.1 Overview of the `recur.pl` script

The `recur.pl` script has two main sections.

1. The first thing the script does is traverse the account looking for any transactions with a ```?`'' in the cleared field. Of these transactions, those which have a date older than today's date will have their cleared field changed to a ```!`''. Those transactions with a future date will be deleted. (They will be reinserted in the next step.)
2. The last thing thing the script does is to traverse the `.rcr` file for the account and reinsert all future entries up until the cutoff date. At this time the cutoff date is set for a year in advance, but this can be changed by editing a variable at the beginning of the `recur.pl` script.

### 5.4.2 Config file format

The config (`<account>.rcr`) file is reminiscent of a `crontab` file. The format is slightly different, but the idea is generally the same. Specify the days, months, and years that the transaction will take place, then specify the transaction. One thing to note is that all fields must be separated by one `<Tab>` character. The script will then insert that transaction on those days.

For instance, the following entry will cause an auto loan payment to be inserted on the fifth of every month. Once the transaction has been entered, you can make any changes you like to it, such as adding

    # Days  Months  Years   Description     Debit   Credit  Comment Category
    # ----  ------  -----   -----------     -----   ------  ------- --------
    5       *       *       Loan's R Us     100.00  0.00            Auto-Loan

Another variation would be the following entry which will insert a transaction every fourth of July.

    4       7       *       Fireworks       35.00   0.00   Bang     Entertainment

The next entry will insert a transaction on the 15th and last day of every month.

    15,last *       *       Salary          0.00    3.14   Peanuts  Salary Income

This entry will insert a transaction on the 1st day of January, April, July, and October.

    *       1,4,7,10  *     Auto Insurance  200.00  0.00   Approx.  Insurance

REMEMBER, separate each field by a `<Tab>` character and not spaces.

Finally, a slightly different entry format will allow you to enter transactions based on a regular interval such as every other week. The first field specifies the start date of the interval. This can be any date, but `recur.pl` will never enter past recurring transactions. The transactions will kick in after the current date. Then next field is the interval in days. So 14 would specify an interval of every other week. The third field is ignored and not used. The last five fields are identical to the previous types of entries.

    # Start Date  Intrvl Not Used  Description  Debit  Credit  Comment  Category
    # ----------  ------ --------  -----------  -----  ------  -------  --------
    19960119      14     *         Salary       0.00   2.78    Peanuts  Salary

## 5.5 Keeping a Manageable Data File Size

The script `yearend.pl` simply moves all uncleared transactions from the specified account to a new account. This helps keep file sizes smaller. Usage: `yearend.pl <account>.cbb <new-account>.cbb`

## 5.6 Alternative Interfaces to CBB

A number of people have enquired about text interfaces to CBB. Currently there is no complete solution, but there are a few options. Note, rumor has it that someone is working on a dialog interface to CBB, I look forward to seeing this when it is ready.

### 5.6.1 Txn

Christopher B. Browne `(cbbrowne@unicomp.net)` has provided a perl script called `txn`. It will append records to .cbb files, and do so from the command line. For instance:

`[25%] txn checking -t '75' 'The Mansion in Dallas' Lunch 75.00 'Gratuitously expensive luncheon'`

`Added to /home/cbbrowne/kwiken/checking.cbb
19970422 75 The Mansion in Dallas 75.00 0 Lunch Gratuitously expensive luncheon`

This script does have certain limitations:

- It appears that ``splits'' have been changed somewhat; I haven't checked yet to see if they are handled correctly.
- Writing to a .cbb file whilst the TCL version is open and using the file in question will have obviously questionable results. If Curt implements his file locking idea (which probably ought to put the PID of the main CBB process in either /var/lock/LCK..cbb or do individual file locks like /var/lock/LCK..checking.cbb), I could have txn look for and/or lock these...
- You'll have to modify the paths at the start of the script to locate your favorite CBB directory.
- This script assumes that if the category is not available that you can look at a list of similar category names and pick one. If you plan to write scripts that will create transactions as ``batch jobs,'' then you'll have to ensure that the category is correct. I'm not sure how to best deal with the error condition of not having a correct category. Create ``ntxn'' (non-interactive txn) that reports an error and dies upon receiving a bad category, perhaps? An additional command line switch? Ideas anyone?
- I have no further intentions to maintain the code that allowed deletion/reconciliation from the command line. The cbbsh of 1994 did provide this functionality, at the cost of a fairly painful user interface. It just makes too much sense to do transaction editing with a somewhat ``GUIed'' interface to bring most of the remainder of CBBSH up to date.

### 5.6.2 Emacs Forms Mode

Ravinder Bhumbla `(rbhumbla@atol.ucsd.edu)` has contributed an Emacs forms-mode for browsing/editing .cbb files from within Emacs. Emacs version 19 has a forms mode which can be used to browse regularly ordered data. It is a convenient tool when you are not at an X terminal.

Just read the file `.../contrib/emacs-forms` into an Emacs buffer. Edit the path to your .cbb file where it says ``EDIT HERE'' and then type M-x forms-mode. Emacs will ask if you want to evaluate the current buffer contents. Type ``yes''. (Ravi)

### 5.6.3 Your Favorite Editor

CBB stores it's data file in a simple tab-delimited format. If you are careful about maintaining the correct tab-delimited format, it is quite possible to edit your files with just about any text editor. You will definitely want to make a backup copy of your .cbb file before attempting this. It is very easy to make a mistake and corrupt a transaction record. However, this can be a useful technique for many tasks.

For instance, lets say my wife just informed me that comestibles are spelled ``Food'' not ``Fude''. I could use a text editor to do a global substition through my entire .cbb file to fix this mistake. Another use could be for deleting or duplicating blocks of transactions.

This simple format gives you last-resort options when you need to do something that the graphical interface was not designed to do.

### 5.6.4 Other Options

Most spreadsheets and database applications can load tab-delimited files. This is another alternative for manipulating or viewing .cbb files in ways that the graphical front end cannot.

# 6 CBB Internals

## 6.1 The ``.cbbrc.tcl'' File

CBB stores the values of a few standard variables in the `.cbbrc.tcl` file. Whenever CBB starts, it first `sources` this file. This file is regenerated based on the current value of the relevant variables whenever an account is created, loaded, or saved. Any additions/deletions will be lost. However, changes to the values of the variables will be maintained. Some of the preferences that can be set in your `.cbbrc.tcl` file are: debugging on or off, balloon help on or off, USA or international date format, autosave interval, main list box dimensions, account list box height, maximum number of splits, font selection, color selection, and your favorite web browser. Please look in your `.cbbrc.tcl` for a complete and current list of preferences that can be set.

## 6.2 The External Menu

CBB has a user configurable menu entitled `External`. The file `extern.conf` controls the contents of this menu. An example of an `extern.conf` file is:

        Calculator <Tab> xcalc
        Calendar   <Tab> ical

        -

        Install the Latest CBB   <Tab> xterm -sb -e \
            \$lib_path/contrib/fetch-latest.pl

The first field (everything before the `<tab>`) is the name to appear on the `External` menu. The second field (everything after the `<tab>` is the command line of the program to execute. Before launching the external program, CBB will save the current contents of the buffer to a temporary file. This allows the external program to have access to any changes that have been made, but not yet saved. The `%t` is replaced with the full path name of this temporary file. The `%a` is replaced with the full name of the current account file.

## 6.3 Creating and Installing New Reports

CBB has a ``simple'' well defined interface for installing new reports. Each report is a stand alone ``program'' which understands a predefined set of command line options and displays its output to `stdout`.

When the `Configure Reports` program is launched, it looks for the file, `.../lib/cbb/reports/reports.conf`. This file consists of entries like the following:

      Transaction List        rep-txn-list.pl
      Txn List by Category    rep-by-cat.pl
      Short List by Category  rep-by-cat-shrt.pl

Each line contains two fields. The report name which will appear in the dialog box, and the executable name of the report. CBB scans this file when it starts up in order to create the Reports menu.

CBB assumes that all report executables will also be located in the `.../lib/cbb/reports/` directory. Each report must accept the following options where date if of the form `mm/dd/[yy[yy]]` and account-list is a list of a CBB (ASCII) format account files:

      Usage:  report [ -from date ] [ -to date] account-list

The report executable will read the entries in the specified account files, ignore any entries outside the specified date range, and print its output to stdout. The last thing the report should print is a single line containing the text `none`.

When a report is selected from the Reports menu, CBB displays the Report Configuration dialog box. When the user clicks on Generate Report, CBB saves the current contents of its ``buffer'' to a temporary file. It then looks up the corresponding report executable, and launches it with the above options. CBB reads the output of the executable (stopping when it receives a line containing only the text `none`) and routes it according what the user specified in the Report Configuration dialog box.

## 6.4 Creating and Installing New Graphs

The procedure for creating and installing new graphs is analogous to the reports procedure. One thing to note, the graph executable should wait for a carriage return from stdin before exiting. This is CBB's way of letting the graph executable know that the user is done looking at the graph.

## 6.5 The Devel Menu

When CBB is invoked with the `-devel` option, a `Devel` menu is added to the menu bar. This menu will allow you to re-``source'' the various Tk pieces of CBB. With this option enabled you can reload various pieces of the code after modifying them without quiting and restarting CBB. This can greatly speed up the development process in some situtations.

This works by executing the Tk `source` command on the selected file. To use this feature effectively, you need to be aware of the contents of a particular Tk file. Effectively, you are re-running that code at the time you are sourcing it. Therefore, old procedure definitions will be replaced if they were changed. The thing to watch out for is code that is executed outside of procedure calls. This code will be executed when you re-source the file. This may or may not cause a problem if this code is intended to be run only once on startup.

Activating and using this menu is something you only need to be concerned about if you are actively developing code.

## 6.6 Logging

# 7 Frequently Asked Questions

The FAQ tends to resist emacs TeX mode. This is most annoying. Because of this I have placed the FAQ in its own separate file called ...Ta da!!! ...``FAQ''. The FAQ is also available on the CBB web page at: `http://www.menet.umn.edu/~clolson/cbb/`

# About this document ...

CBB
A Check Book Balancer
for Unix/X11

This document was generated using the LaTeX2`HTML` translator Version 96.1-h (September 30, 1996) Copyright © 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, Nikos Drakos, Computer Based Learning Unit, University of Leeds.

The command line arguments were:
latex2html `-split 0 -show_section_numbers cbb-man.tex`.

The translation was initiated by Curtis L. Olson on Tue May 6 20:38:52 CDT 1997