=encoding UTF-8

=head1 NAME

Catalyst::Plugin::I18N::Manual - (Draft) I18N and L10N with Catalyst and Template Toolkit.

=head1 OUTLINE

    Prerequisites:
     - perl >= 5.8.0
     - Catalyst >= 5.33
     - Catalyst::Plugin::I18N >= 0.04
     - Catalyst::Plugin::Unicode >= 0.2
     - Catlayst::View::TT && Template-Toolkit >= 2.14
     - GNU gettext utilities
     - An editor that understands UTF-8 and Byte Order Mark (BOM)

    $ catalyst.pl MyApp
    created "MyApp"
    created "MyApp/script"
    created "MyApp/lib"
    created "MyApp/root"
    created "MyApp/root/static"
    created "MyApp/root/static/images"
    created "MyApp/t"
    created "MyApp/lib/MyApp"
    created "MyApp/lib/MyApp/Model"
    created "MyApp/lib/MyApp/View"
    created "MyApp/lib/MyApp/Controller"
    created "MyApp/lib/MyApp.pm"
    created "MyApp/Makefile.PL"
    created "MyApp/README"
    created "MyApp/Changes"
    created "MyApp/t/01app.t"
    created "MyApp/t/02pod.t"
    created "MyApp/t/03podcoverage.t"
    created "MyApp/root/static/images/catalyst_logo.png"
    created "MyApp/root/static/images/btn_120x50_built.png"
    created "MyApp/root/static/images/btn_120x50_built_shadow.png"
    created "MyApp/root/static/images/btn_120x50_powered.png"
    created "MyApp/root/static/images/btn_120x50_powered_shadow.png"
    created "MyApp/root/static/images/btn_88x31_built.png"
    created "MyApp/root/static/images/btn_88x31_built_shadow.png"
    created "MyApp/root/static/images/btn_88x31_powered.png"
    created "MyApp/root/static/images/btn_88x31_powered_shadow.png"
    created "MyApp/root/favicon.ico"
    created "MyApp/script/myapp_cgi.pl"
    created "MyApp/script/myapp_fastcgi.pl"
    created "MyApp/script/myapp_server.pl"
    created "MyApp/script/myapp_test.pl"
    created "MyApp/script/myapp_create.pl"

    $ cd MyApp
    $ vim lib/MyApp.pm

    use Catalyst qw/-Debug I18N Unicode/;
    
    sub begin : Private {
        my ( $self, $c ) = @_;
        
        my $locale = $c->request->param('locale');
        
        $c->response->headers->push_header( 'Vary' => 'Accept-Language' );  # hmm vary and param?
        $c->languages( $locale ? [ $locale ] : undef );
    }

    sub default : Private {
        my ( $self, $c ) = @_;

        my $name = $c->request->param('name') || $c->loc('Guest');

        $c->response->content_type('text/plain; charset=utf-8');
        $c->response->body( $c->loc( 'Welcome [_1]!', $name ) );
    }

    $ mkdir lib/MyApp/I18N
    $ xgettext.pl --output=lib/MyApp/I18N/messages.pot --directory=lib/
    $ ls lib/MyApp/I18N/
    messages.pot

    $ msginit --input=lib/MyApp/I18N/messages.pot --output=lib/MyApp/I18N/sv.po --locale=sv
    Created lib/MyApp/I18N/sv.po.

    $ vim lib/MyApp/I18N/sv.po

    "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8\n"

    #: lib/MyApp.pm:50
    msgid "Guest"
    msgstr "Gäst"

    #. ($name)
    #: lib/MyApp.pm:54
    msgid "Welcome %1!"
    msgstr "Välkommen %1!"

    $ perl script/myapp_server.pl
    [Fri Dec  2 03:52:45 2005] [catalyst] [debug] Debug messages enabled
    [Fri Dec  2 03:52:47 2005] [catalyst] [debug] Loaded plugins:
    .------------------------------------------------------------------------------.
    | Catalyst::Plugin::I18N                                                       |
    | Catalyst::Plugin::Unicode                                                    |
    '------------------------------------------------------------------------------'

    [Fri Dec  2 03:52:47 2005] [catalyst] [debug] Loaded dispatcher "Catalyst::Dispatcher"
    [Fri Dec  2 03:52:47 2005] [catalyst] [debug] Loaded engine "Catalyst::Engine::HTTP"
    [Fri Dec  2 03:52:47 2005] [catalyst] [debug] Found home "/Users/chansen/MyApp"
    [Fri Dec  2 03:52:48 2005] [catalyst] [debug] Initialized i18n "MyApp::I18N"
    [Fri Dec  2 03:52:48 2005] [catalyst] [debug] Loaded Private actions:
    .----------------------+----------------------------------------+--------------.
    | Private              | Class                                  | Method       |
    +----------------------+----------------------------------------+--------------+
    | /default             | MyApp                                  | default      |
    '----------------------+----------------------------------------+--------------'

    [Fri Dec  2 03:52:48 2005] [catalyst] [info] MyApp powered by Catalyst 5.57
    You can connect to your server at http://localhost:3000

    # point your browser to http://localhost:3000/?name=Joe
    # output should render:

    Välkommen Joe!

    $ vim lib/MyApp.pm

    sub default : Private {

        # ...

        $c->response->body( $c->loc( 'Welcome to my homepage [_1]!', $name ) );
    }
    
    $ xgettext.pl --output=lib/MyApp/I18N/messages.pot --directory=lib/
    $ msgmerge --update lib/MyApp/I18N/sv.po lib/MyApp/I18N/messages.pot
    . done.

    $ vim lib/MyApp/I18N/sv.po

    #. ($name)
    #: lib/MyApp.pm:54
    msgid "Welcome to my homepage %1!"
    msgstr "Välkommen till min hemsida %1!"

    $ perl script/myapp_server.pl

    # point your browser to http://localhost:3000/?name=Joe
    # output should render:

    Välkommen till min hemsida Joe!

    $ perl script/myapp_create.pl view TT TT
     exists "/Users/chansen/MyApp/script/../lib/MyApp/View"
     exists "/Users/chansen/MyApp/script/../t"
    created "/Users/chansen/MyApp/script/../lib/MyApp/View/TT.pm"
    created "/Users/chansen/MyApp/script/../t/view_TT.t"
    
    $ vim lib/MyApp.pm

    sub default : Private {
        my ( $self, $c ) = @_;

        my $name = $c->request->param('name') || $c->loc('Guest');

        $c->response->content_type('text/plain; charset=utf-8');
        $c->stash(
            name     => $name,
            template => 'test.tt' 
        );
        
        $c->forward('MyApp::View::TT');
    }

    $ vim root/test.tt # Save file in UTF-8 with BOM
    
    [% c.loc( 'Welcome to my place [_1]!', c.stash.name ) %]
    
    $ xgettext.pl --output=lib/MyApp/I18N/messages.pot --directory=lib/ --directory=root/
    $ msgmerge --update lib/MyApp/I18N/sv.po lib/MyApp/I18N/messages.pot
    . done.    
    
    $ vim lib/MyApp/I18N/sv.po

    #. (c.stash.name)
    #: root/test.tt:1
    msgid "Welcome to my place %1!"
    msgstr "Välkommen till mitt ställe %1!"
    
    $ perl script/myapp_server.pl 
    [Fri Dec  2 05:12:58 2005] [catalyst] [debug] Debug messages enabled
    [Fri Dec  2 05:12:58 2005] [catalyst] [debug] Loaded plugins:
    .------------------------------------------------------------------------------.
    | Catalyst::Plugin::I18N                                                       |
    | Catalyst::Plugin::Unicode                                                    |
    '------------------------------------------------------------------------------'

    [Fri Dec  2 05:12:58 2005] [catalyst] [debug] Loaded dispatcher "Catalyst::Dispatcher"
    [Fri Dec  2 05:12:58 2005] [catalyst] [debug] Loaded engine "Catalyst::Engine::HTTP"
    [Fri Dec  2 05:12:58 2005] [catalyst] [debug] Found home "/Users/chansen/MyApp"
    [Fri Dec  2 05:12:58 2005] [catalyst] [debug] Initialized i18n "MyApp::I18N"
    [Fri Dec  2 05:12:59 2005] [catalyst] [debug] Loaded components:
    .-------------------------------------------------------------------+----------.
    | Class                                                             | Type     |
    +-------------------------------------------------------------------+----------+
    | MyApp::View::TT                                                   | instance |
    '-------------------------------------------------------------------+----------'

    [Fri Dec  2 05:12:59 2005] [catalyst] [debug] Loaded Private actions:
    .----------------------+----------------------------------------+--------------.
    | Private              | Class                                  | Method       |
    +----------------------+----------------------------------------+--------------+
    | /default             | MyApp                                  | default      |
    '----------------------+----------------------------------------+--------------'

    [Fri Dec  2 05:12:59 2005] [catalyst] [info] MyApp powered by Catalyst 5.57
    You can connect to your server at http://localhost:3000
    
    # point your browser to http://localhost:3000/?name=Joe
    # output should render:

    Välkommen till mitt ställe Joe!   
    

=head1 INTRODUCTION

=head1 INTERNATIONALIZATION

=head1 CONTENT NEGOTIATION

=head2 Server-driven

=head2 Agent-driven

=head1 LOCALIZATION

=head1 STAYING IN SYNC

=head1 TEMPLATE TOOLKIT

=head1 RESOURCES

=head2 Documentation

=head3 Definitions

=over 4

=item Internationalization and localization

L<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internationalization_and_localization>

=item Locale

L<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Locale>

=item Byte Order Mark (BOM)

L<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byte_Order_Mark>

=item Character encoding

L<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Character_encoding>

=item Collation

L<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collation>

=item Content Negotiation

L<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Content_Negotiation>

=item Unicode

L<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unicode>

=back

=head3 Guides

=over 4

=item Guidelines, Checklists, and Resources

L<http://www.i18nguy.com/guidelines.html>

=item Localisation Guide

L<http://translate.sourceforge.net/wiki/guide/start>

=back

=head3 Perl

=over 4

=item Perl Locale handling

L<http://search.cpan.org/dist/perl/pod/perllocale.pod>

=item Perl Unicode introduction

L<http://search.cpan.org/dist/perl/pod/perluniintro.pod>

=item Perl Unicode support

L<http://search.cpan.org/dist/perl/pod/perlunicode.pod>

=item Unicode-processing issues in Perl and how to cope with it

L<http://www.ahinea.com/en/tech/perl-unicode-struggle.html>

=item Web Localization in Perl

L<http://search.cpan.org/dist/Locale-Maketext-Lexicon/docs/webl10n.html>

=item Localization and Perl: gettext breaks, Maketext fixes

L<http://search.cpan.org/dist/Locale-Maketext/lib/Locale/Maketext/TPJ13.pod>

=item Lessons Learned with Perl and UTF-8

L<http://www.justatheory.com/computers/programming/perl/utf8_trials.html>

=item UTF-8 and Perl (In Five Minutes)

Slides from a talk given by Mark Fowler.

L<http://www.twoshortplanks.com/talks/utf8/perlandutf8.pdf>

=item Perl Loves UTF-8

Slides from a talk given by Tom Insam.

L<http://jerakeen.org/slush/talk-perl-loves-utf8>

=item Perl I18N Mailing List

L<http://lists.cpan.org/showlist.cgi?name=perl-i18n>

=item Perl Unicode Mailing List

L<http://lists.cpan.org/showlist.cgi?name=perl-unicode>

=back

=head3 Portals

=over 4

=item Google Directory - Computers > Software > Globalization

L<http://www.google.com/Top/Computers/Software/Globalization/>

=item Internationalization (I18N), Localization (L10N), Standards, and Amusements

L<http://www.i18nguy.com/>

=back

=head3 Standards

=over 4

=item RFC 2616 Hypertext Transfer Protocol -- HTTP/1.1

L<http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616.html>

=over 8

=item Section 12: Content Negotiation

L<http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec12.html#sec12>

=item Section 13: Caching in HTTP

L<http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec13.html#sec13>

=item Section 13.6: Caching Negotiated Responses

L<http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec13.html#sec13.6>

=back

=item RFC 3066 Tags for the Identification of Languages

L<http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc3066.html>

=back

=head3 Web

=over 4

=item W3C Internationalization (I18N) Activity

L<http://www.w3.org/International/>

=item Authoring Techniques for XHTML & HTML Internationalization: Characters and Encodings 1.0

L<http://www.w3.org/TR/i18n-html-tech-char/>

=item Authoring Techniques for XHTML & HTML Internationalization: Specifying the language of content 1.0

L<http://www.w3.org/TR/i18n-html-tech-lang/>

=back

=head2 Locale Repositories

=over 4

=item Common Locale Data Repository (CLDR)

L<http://www.unicode.org/cldr/>

=item International Components for Unicode (ICU)

L<http://www-306.ibm.com/software/globalization/icu/index.jsp>

=back

=head2 Modules

=head3 Character Encoding, Collation and Normalization

=over 4

=item Encode

L<http://search.cpan.org/dist/Encode/>

=item Unicode::Collate

L<http://search.cpan.org/dist/Unicode-Collate/>

=item Unicode::Normalize

L<http://search.cpan.org/dist/Unicode-Normalize/>

=back

=head3 Currency

=over 4

=item Locale::Currency::Format

L<http://search.cpan.org/dist/Locale-Currency-Format/>

=item Math::Currency

L<http://search.cpan.org/dist/Math-Currency/>

=back

=head3 Dates

=over 4

=item DateTime

L<http://search.cpan.org/dist/DateTime/>

=item DateTime::Locale

L<http://search.cpan.org/dist/DateTime-Locale/>

=item DateTime::TimeZone

L<http://search.cpan.org/dist/DateTime-TimeZone/>

=back

=head3 Language Tags, Identification and Negotiation

=over 4

=item HTTP::Negotiate

L<http://search.cpan.org/dist/libwww-perl/lib/HTTP/Negotiate.pm>

=item I18N::AcceptLanguage

L<http://search.cpan.org/dist/I18N-AcceptLanguage/>

=item I18N::LangTags

L<http://search.cpan.org/dist/I18N-LangTags/>

L<http://search.cpan.org/dist/I18N-LangTags/lib/I18N/LangTags/Detect.pm>

=back

=head3 Message Catalogs

=over 4

=item Locale::Maketext

L<http://search.cpan.org/dist/Locale-Maketext/>

L<http://search.cpan.org/dist/Locale-Maketext/lib/Locale/Maketext/TPJ13.pod>

=item Locale::Maketext::Lexicon

L<http://search.cpan.org/dist/Locale-Maketext-Lexicon/>

L<http://search.cpan.org/dist/Locale-Maketext-Lexicon/docs/webl10n.html>

L<http://search.cpan.org/dist/Locale-Maketext-Lexicon/script/xgettext.pl>

=item Locale::Maketext::Simple

Provides a simple interface to Locale::Maketext::Lexicon.

L<http://search.cpan.org/dist/Locale-Maketext-Simple/>

=item libintl-perl

L<http://search.cpan.org/dist/libintl-perl/lib/Locale/Messages.pm>

L<http://search.cpan.org/dist/libintl-perl/lib/Locale/TextDomain.pm>

=back

=head3 Numbers

=over 4

=item Number::Format

L<http://search.cpan.org/dist/Number-Format/>

=back

=head2 Tools

=over 4 

=item GNU gettext utilities

L<http://www.gnu.org/software/gettext/>

L<http://www.gnu.org/software/gettext/manual/html_chapter/gettext.html>

L<http://gnuwin32.sourceforge.net/packages/gettext.htm>

=item gtranslator

Translation tool for Gnome. Supports gettext catalogs.

L<http://gtranslator.sourceforge.net/>

=item Ini Translator

Translation tool for Windows 98/Me/XP/2000. Supports several formats, 
including gettext catalogs.

L<http://initranslator.sourceforge.net/>

=item KBabel

Translation tool for KDE. Supports gettext catalogs.

L<http://i18n.kde.org/tools/kbabel/>

=item LocFactory Editor

Translation tool for Mac OS X. Supports sevral formats, including gettext
catalogs.

L<http://www.triplespin.com/en/products/locfactoryeditor.html>

=item poEdit

A cross-platform gettext catalogs editor.

L<http://www.poedit.org/>

=back

=head1 AUTHOR

Christian Hansen C<ch@ngmedia.com>

=head1 COPYRIGHT

This program is free software, you can redistribute it and/or modify 
it under the same terms as Perl itself.

=cut
