




Date: Sun, 8 Dec 1996 06:59:42 -0400 (AST)
From: Steven Casey <scasey@enternet.com.au>
Subject: Re: Honda's Hardback edition (was Re: Folding from Circlular

Tim Heil wrote:
>
>..(snip snip) in Honda's "The World of Origami" are mentioned
>>rhombic, pentagonal, hexagonal and octagonal paper, but no models are
>>diagrammed using any of them.  There are crease patterns shown for some
>>models, but my origami skills are not yet developed enough for me to figure
>>them out.  Does anyone know if there were any models from these shapes in
>>the unabridged edition?  I have only the abridged paperback version.

and Steve Woodmansee wrote:

>Many years ago when I first encountered the Honda book, it was in the form
>of a hardback edition in my Junior High School library.  I distinctly recall
>several models in that edition that are not in the paperback edition I
>purchased some years later.  I seem to recall that among them was a piano, a
>sambo (?), and several more.  The Sambo (hope I got that right) is pictured
>in the paperback edition being carried by two monkeys, but the diagrams are
>not given.
>
>I recall these models especially because I was allowed to do an entire
>showcase in the school library containing all of my origami models and the
>two I mentioned are in several photographs of the exhibit that were taken at
>the time.
>
>Surely someone out there has the original hardback?  If so, what models are
>unique to the hardcover edition?  Are any of these available in the archives?
>
>                         ''~``
>                        ( o o )
>+------------------.oooO--(_)--Oooo.------------------+
>|                                                     |
>|          "Origami: Welcome to the Fold!"            |
>|                Steve Woodmansee                     |
>|              Bend, Oregon U.S.A.                    |
>|                                                     |
>|                    .oooO                            |
>|                    (   )   Oooo.                    |
>+---------------------\ (----(   )--------------------+
>                       \_)    ) /
>                             (_/

( love those feet)

The "sambo" is described as a Japanese Offering Stand. In my copy (the Hard
back edition) , the two monkeys are dispicted carrying a "Kago" which is
described as a Japanese-Style Sedan chair. The Monkeys are diagrammed on
page 141 and the "Kago" is diagrammed on page 93. I have no reference to a
"piano" in my edition.

There are a number of models diagrammed which are from shapes other than square.

As follows:

A cube from a 5x1 rectangle (x6 sheets) (modular)
A HotPlate! holder from 40 or 60 postcards (another modular)

>From triangle paper:                    Compound triangle
        seagull (ii)                    Eagle
        GrassHopper                     Dragon
        Wild Goose
        Wild duck
        Iris Bloom
        Iris Bloom (ii)
        Swallow
        Crayfish
        Duck
        Goose

>From rhombic paper:                     rhombic compound:

        Macaw                           Giraffe
        Bat                             See-no-evil, Hear-no-evil, Speak-no-evil
        Quacking Duck                   Alligator (with open jaw)
        Demon Mask
        (all excellent models)

        Modular Geometric designs by Akira Yoshizawa
        described as hexagon shape (hexagonal pyramid ??)
        pentagon umbrella shape (pentagonal pyramid ??)
        square pyramid
        triangular pyramid (tetrahedron)

>From a Pentagon:

        Chinese Bellflower (beautiful)
        Azalea blossom     (  "      )

>From a hexagon:

        six sided ornament (photo shows a variation from diagrams)
        turtle base
        turtle
        dragonfly (ii) (with two wings)
        dragonfly (iii) (from Kan-No-Mado)

>From eight sided paper ( not octagon , kind of modified Rhombic shape)

        Gibbon ( from Kan-No-Mado)

>From Octagonal:

        octagonal ornament (ii)

>From 2 x 1 rectangle with cuts:

        double crane
        crab with eight legs and pinchers (extra cuts required)

>From rectangle with cuts:

        dancer (Banzai-Raku)
        old man
        old woman

>From eight sided star shape:

        octopus

All the Best,

Steven Casey
scasey@enternet.com.au
Melbourne Australia





Date: Sun, 8 Dec 1996 12:46:18 -0400 (AST)
From: Basyrett@aol.com
Subject: Re: subscribing?

A friend of mine would like to join the origami group.  I have lost the
instructions on how to join.  Could you please send me info on how to join.
 Thanks  :-)





Date: Sun, 8 Dec 1996 13:35:21 -0400 (AST)
From: hull@MATH.URI.EDU
Subject: Re: Spiral folds (Formerly: Folding from circular paper)

Yo!

David Lister wrote:

> Are there any origami models which have curved lines? And: Can paper really
> be folded in a curved line?

        The first question has been answered a-plenty by Lang and Casey.
The second question can be answered with a "you betcha!"
        Try the following exercise:  Take a piece of paper (I find that
regular copy/typewriting paper works better than origami paper) and
**draw** a simple curve (i.e., one that doesn't cross itself) on the
paper with a HEAVY ball-point pen.  I say HEAVY because you want the
drawing of the curve to leave a "crease" impression on the paper.
OK, then get out your scissors (eeek!) and "cut out" your curve.  That is,
cut the paper into a one-inch strip that contains the curve.  The
result should be a wiggly strip of paper (depending on how much your
curve wiggles) with your curve running down the middle of it.  THEN
fold the curve!  Try it!  It really is nifty!

        Note:
        (1) You need to cut away the excess paper because this can impede
the folding of the curve.  Again, this all depends on how "wiggly" your
curve is.  If it's only has a slight curve, then you might be able
to fold it without cutting the other paper away.  Otherwise the other
part of the paper can keep you from folding the curve well - this is
why we cut it away in this experiment.
        (2) Unless your curve is a straight line (or a perfect circle),
your folded curve will not lie in a plane!  It will "snake" on some
unknown 3-D manifold!  Wheee!
        (3) The paper around the curve will NOT FOLD FLAT, unless, again,
it is a straight line.  Thus, you can fold the curve (using the impression
made by the pen), but the paper around the curve will necessarily be
3-D.

        Proving (2) and (3) above is rather fun.  Recently, I read a paper
on this subject (unpublished, but which I'm hoping will appear in the
American Mathematical Monthly in the next year) which "proves" these
things (in a slightly arm-wavey way) using a little differential geometry.
        As Steve Casey pointed out, I'm sure that Professor Huffman is
familiar with this stuff.  Unfortunately, Huffman has kept out of
the paperfolding and origami-math community.  Maybe somebody will
convince him to join the fold?

-------- Tom "it's all in the wrist" Hull
         hull@math.uri.edu





Date: Sun, 8 Dec 1996 13:45:12 -0400 (AST)
From: "Sergei Y. Afonkin" <sergei@origami.nit.spb.su>
Subject: Re: Fingers... only tenfingers!

No! I means not-origami games and trick with fingers!

Your Sergei Afonkin, the chairman of St.Petersburg Origami Center
                                  ,    ,
sergei@origami.nit.spb.su        ("\''/").___..--''"`-._
                                 `9_ 9  )   `-.  (     ).`-.__.`)
                                 (_Y_.)'  ._   )  `._ `. ``-..-'





Date: Sun, 8 Dec 1996 14:49:37 -0400 (AST)
From: hull@MATH.URI.EDU
Subject: RE: Randomes and Soccor Balls: [MATH CONTENT!]

Hey there!

David Lister writes a lot.  In particular...

>>>>>>>>>>
Yet the incident reminds us that the most
fundamental and important discoveries come from very simple concepts. Modular
paperfolders have long been familiar with the structures of polyhedra of
every kind. Mainstream origami, too, has its own peculiar geometry. Perhaps
one day, that geometry itself will throw light on a scientific problem of the
greatest importance and value for mankind, which at present nobody has ever
dreamed about.
>>>>>>>>>>

        I can't resist replying to this one!  I strongly believe that
one day significant mathematical discoveries WILL be made from concepts
inspired from origami.  As an example...
        For the past few years I've been messing around with a module
I created, which was published in the OUSA Annual Collection in 94 as
"Another Fun Module", but which I like to refer to as a "pentagon-hexagon
Z-unit".  This is because the module can make a skeletal version of any
polyhedron with only pentagon and hexagon faces.  (Yes, it can thus make
any of the "Buckyball" structures that have been discussed recently.)
The biggest thing I've made with this module is an 810-piece version,
which I colored to look like the surface of the Earth and put on display
at the 1994 OUSA Convention.
        But the real challenge was this: make one of these 810-piece
spheres with only three colors. I.e., in 3 colors and requiring that
no two pieces of paper of the same color touch.  Doing this for smaller
30 and 90 piece versions isn't hard - trial and error will eventually
work.  But an 810 piece one?  Forget it!
        This is closely related to the area of math that I'm basing my
Ph.D. dissertation on - graph colorings.  Basically, a "graph" in this
context is just a network of points and lines.  Thus the corners and
edges of a polyhedron can be thought of as a graph, in fact they
are a "planar" graph, because they can be projected onto the plane
(or a sphere, if you like that better) without having any edges cross
unnecessarily.
        ANYWAY, there's a theorem in graph theory that says

Theorem: Any 2-connected cubic planar graph is 3-edge colorable.

        In English this means

Theorem:  Any polyhedron with all vertices of "degree three" (i.e., only
three edges coming out of each corner) can be edge-colored with only
3 colors in such a way that no two edges of the same color touch.

        This is a VERY siginificant theorem in mathematics, because
is is equivalent to the famous Four Color Theorem, which was only
proven to be true in the mid-70s, and whose proof takes hundreds of
pages and a computer program to check over a thousand different cases.
So people believe this theorem to be true, but math geeks all over
the world are still trying to find a "simple" proof (i.e., one that's
understandable to mere mortals) of this theorem.

        OK!  I'm finally getting to how this is realted to origami!  You
see, I wanted to 3-edge color my 810-unit sphere, but I didn't know
how.  Further, this theorem told me that it was possible, but
probably very difficult to do.  So after making many smaller sphere's
using my module and trying to look for patterns in the coloring, I
eventually developed an algorithm that can 3-edge color any sphere I
make with this module, as long as the sphere has icosohedral symmetry.
(I.e., the placement of the 12 pentagons follows the structure of
the icosohedron.)  Also, my algorithm has promise of being extendable
to other polyhedra, and it is my hope that it might prove useful in
understanding how to 3-edge color cubic planar graphs in general,
which (yes, in my dreams) may lead to a short proof of the Four Color
Theorem.
        But the point is that I wouldn't have stumbled on this algorithm
if I hadn't of used origami as my experimental testing ground.  Yes,
perhaps I could have used tape, glue and colored paper to do the same
thing, but it wouldn't have been nearly as fun and *certainly* wouldn't
have held my attention long enough for me to notice what I did.

        I hope that wasn't too math-heavy.  But, David, people
are indeed getting inspiration from origami to see farther into
deep mathematical and scientific problems.
        For those interested: no, this research isn't part of my Ph.D
dissertation, but I hope to have it published (in a math journal) in
the near future.  ("Near future" means "in a few years" to mathematicians.)
I will have these 3-colored sphere's on display at the next OUSA convention,
for anyone who wants to see them.

------- Tom "mathematics anonymous" Hull
        hull@math.uri.edu





Date: Sun, 8 Dec 1996 14:53:08 -0400 (AST)
From: Rob Moes <robert.moes@snet.net>
Subject: quilling paper

Always in the quest for new and unusual papers, I noticed that Martha
Stewart made reference to "quilling paper" in her latest issue of
"Living"--as a base for making her holiday star.  Has anybody seen this, or
even better has a potential source for me?  :)  I assume that this paper
has some of the similar properties to curling ribbon.

I'd be curious to find out if this paper would lend itself well to origami.
Engel's octopus would be one example.  Thanks for any suggestions.

Rob
robert.moes@snet.net





Date: Sun, 8 Dec 1996 16:56:25 -0400 (AST)
From: Valerie Vann <75070.304@compuserve.com>
Subject: Re: quilling paper

Facinating Folds carries quilling supplies. I've not
got into this, but I gather that the quilling paper
is pre-cut into narrow strips, so would not be
good for most origami. I also presume that it is cut
with the grain perpendicular to the long edges of the
ribbon; any paper with grain will curl splendidly if
you cut a narrow strip that way. Curling ribbons,
however, are corrugated crosswise to help the curl.
But if you pull many other types of ribbon, or narrow
paper with cross-wise grain over the dull edge a
scissors blade (or something similar), it will curl.

The classic flower Kusudama often have the petals tips
curled by wrapping them around a toothpick, pulling
them over a thumbnail, or the edge of bonefolder...

Facinating Folds (Origami & papercraft supplies) is at:

http://www.fascinating-folds.com/paper

Valerie Vann
75070.304@compuserve.com





Date: Sun, 8 Dec 1996 18:25:03 -0400 (AST)
From: Michael & Janet Hamilton <mikeinnj@concentric.net>
Subject: Re: quilling paper

Rob Moes wrote:
> Always in the quest for new and unusual papers, I noticed that Martha
> Stewart made reference to "quilling paper" in her latest issue of
> "Living" ...
> I'd be curious to find out if this paper would lend itself well to origami.
> Engel's octopus would be one example.  Thanks for any suggestions.

I have seen quilling supplies in some local craft stores - A.C. Moore and
     Michael's.  It is very thin strips, I
don't even think it would be wide enough for something like a swedish star.  I
     had done some quilling as a camp
activity a long time ago.  The paper is wound around various forms into a
     cylinder.  Different shapes are made
by pinching the outside of the cylinder in different ways.  You can thus make
     teardrop shapes, triangles,
squares, diamonds, etc.  The strips are mounted edge down in combinations to
     make pictures.  For example, a
circular cylinder surrounded by teardrop shapes to make a flower.

Janet Hamilton

--
mailto:Mikeinnj@concentric.net
http://www.concentric.net/~Mikeinnj/





Date: Sun, 8 Dec 1996 22:50:29 -0400 (AST)
From: "James M. Sakoda" <James_Sakoda@Brown.edu>
Subject: Re: The Forms of Origami

>>At the risk of raising the old argument that modular origami
>>is not really origami :-)
>
>        I certainly don't want to jump into a form war here, but I'm
>curious as to how many different "kinds" (I suppose, as an evolutionary
>scientist, I ought to use the word "species"  8-D  ) of origami people
>generally accept.  I usually only think of 3 different kinds:
>
>* Single sheet -- obviously, where models are produced from single pieces
>of paper (regardless of shape),
>
>* Modular -- where a model is produced from several identical folded pieces
>(modules).  Often there is only one kind of module used, but some models
>require combinations of 2 or 3 module types, and
>
>* Composite -- where a model is produced from two or more differing pieces.
>Examples would be many of the models in Honda's _World of Origami_,
>Yoshizawa's _Sosaku Origami_, and Kasahara's _Creative Origami_ where a
>quadruped is composed of two pieces of paper:  one for the front end of the
>body, and another for the rear; the two pieces require different folding
>methods and are not identical (and thus are not "modules").
>
>        Of course, I make no judgement about one being "superior" to any
>other form; I simply prefer the first kind (and even then, I'm orthodox in
>preferring only squares).  Does anyone else perceive it this way?  More
>categories?  Less?
>
>
>
>Jerry D. Harris                       (214) 768-2750
>Dept. of Geological Sciences          FAX:  768-2701
>Southern Methodist University
>Box 750395                            jdharris@post.smu.edu
>Dallas  TX  75275-0395                (Compuserve:  102354,2222)

In addition to single piece of paper, modular origami, composite origami,
there is an old book called Sembazuru Orikata, in which a piece of paper is
cut into smaller squares, with connections among them, and traditional
cranes are folded with each separate piece of square paper, making a string
of cranes, which can be quite attractive.  There is a more modern book by
Kyo Araki, called Kyo Origami, meaning Kyoto City in Origami, which consist
of pasting individual pieces of origami to make a scenery.  This might be
called scene origami, and has been quite popular in Japan and examples can
be seen in the NOA magazines.  The book was published by
Koseisya-Koseikaku, Tokyo in 1973.  Then there is gift wrapping, in which
an object is wrapped with paper, in a decorative way and often with a crane
folded in one corner.  There is also pop-up cards by Chatani, which are
designed and cut so that an object appears when the card is opened.  In
knot origami strips of paper are used to fold basic units, such as
pentagons, and these are sewn together with a strip of paper, rather than
to simply insert one piece into another as in modular orgami.  I myself do
origami flower arrangement, combining folded flowers, leaves, stems with
holes at one end as in a pipe, and a vase folded with cardboard to hold
stems of flowers in place.
        Some of these approaches to origami involve, not only nonsquare
paper, but also extensive cutting.  The Japanese have never been shy about
taking these steps when they seemed necessary to achieve an attractive
result.  Setting up a limited number of categories may obscure the
differences among them and it may be better to recognize them as separate
kinds of effort, which can still be included under origami.  James M. Sakoda





Date: Sun, 8 Dec 1996 23:06:16 -0400 (AST)
From: Virginia Sauer <72607.3335@compuserve.com>
Subject: ORIGAMI-L digest 558

As Valerie and Janet said, quilling paper is cut in thin
strips.  If you're interested in learning this, I'll be glad
to send you directions.

I was about to say that I cannot imagine anyone using
quilling paper for origami, but then I remembered the teensy
little paper crane I ordered from someone in Hawaii.  (I
have no idea how she made it, but she certainly didn't use
normal sized paper.)

Virginia





Date: Sun, 8 Dec 1996 23:36:52 -0400 (AST)
From: Jeff Goff <jeffgoff@synergy.net>
Subject: Re: ORIGAMI-L digest 558

At 11:06 PM 12/8/96 -0400, you wrote:
>As Valerie and Janet said, quilling paper is cut in thin
>strips.  If you're interested in learning this, I'll be glad
>to send you directions.

There's a bit about it in Samuel Jackson's Encyclopedia of Papercraft, pg.
112-113.





Date: Mon, 9 Dec 1996 00:04:28 -0400 (AST)
From: imcarrie@actrix.gen.nz (Ian Carrie)
Subject: Non-square Paper

Further to Tim Heil's comments, recently I followed up Paul Jackson's
suggestion and tried my hand at folding the traditional 4-petal lily (and
iris) pattern using triangular and hexagonal instead of square paper. The
hexagonal one folded with two-sided yellow/orange paper makes a very fine
daffodil.

Ian Carrie
Wellington
New Zealand





Date: Mon, 9 Dec 1996 04:27:46 -0400 (AST)
From: Steve Woodmansee <stevew@empnet.com>
Subject: Re: The Forms of Origami

At 10:50 PM 12/8/96 -0400, James Sakoda wrote:
Some ... approaches to origami involve, not only nonsquare
>paper, but also extensive cutting.  The Japanese have never been shy about
>taking these steps when they seemed necessary to achieve an attractive
>result.  Setting up a limited number of categories may obscure the
>differences among them and it may be better to recognize them as separate
>kinds of effort, which can still be included under origami.  James M. Sakoda
>
I believe James Sakoda has put his finger on a very satisfying answer to the
questions surrounding what does and does not qualify as "pure" origami.  In
an earlier post I described my reluctance to use anything other than square
paper, and though that hasn't changed, it certainly doesn't indicate any
lack of respect for the other forms of Origami (rectangular, rhomboid,
triangular, etc.).

I especially like the idea of referring to all of the various branches of
Origami as "separate kinds of effort, which can still be included under
origami."  Since the substance of Origami is folding, many approaches to
this art form would still be Origami, regardless of the material folded
(cloth, paper), the starting shape (triangle, rectangle, etc.), or even
additional steps taken to improve the result.  Even (sharp intake of breath
here) cutting, as in the multiple crane model.

In my earlier post I only meant to state a personal preference, and if I
offended anyone with my preference for square paper, I do apologize.  There
have been some fascinating (and very tactful) responses to my post and I
have found them most educational.

Cheers!

Steve Woodmansee
Bend, Oregon, USA
Stevew@empnet.com





Date: Mon, 9 Dec 1996 04:37:17 -0400 (AST)
From: Marcia Mau <marcia.mau@pressroom.com>
Subject: Quilling Paper

I have used quilling paper to make Swedish Stars.   I liked using two colors
(two strips of each color) for each star.

Attached to the inside cover of The Art of Quilling by Trees Tra and Pieter
van der Wolk (ISBN 0 86417 519 1, $12.95) is a bag of 1/8" strips which are
slightly less than 6 1/2" long.  I think it would be difficult to make the
Swedish Star from such narrow paper.

Filigraan by Ingrid Wurst (ISBN 9025292879) is in Dutch so I hope my
translations are correct:  The BNOS is listed as a contact as an origami and
filigraan society.  There are also instructions for a basket woven from six
strips of 2cm x 50 cm paper.

I found two make your own quilling paper suggestions:
auntannie.com/quilling/strips.gif has a paper strip guide to print out on 8
1/2 x 11 or A4 paper.  Another easier suggestion is to run sheets of paper
through a shredder to make strips.  Aunt Annie also has some flexagon
(cutting and glue needed) projects available on line which reference Arthur
Stone.
Marcia Mau
Vienna, VA USA
marcia.mau@pressroom.com





Date: Mon, 09 Dec 1996 08:34:23 -0400 (AST)
From: GURKEWITZ@WCSUB.CTSTATEU.EDU
Subject: Re: quilling paper

I have seen the Swedish star ("Rosette") made from quilling paper and
made into earrings.

Rona





Date: Mon, 9 Dec 1996 12:10:39 -0400 (AST)
From: Howard Portugal <howardp@fast.net>
Subject: New Recruit

Would whomever is responsible for the Philadelphia, PA (Roxborough?)
regional group please drop me a private email with contact info? I met
someone out in West Chester who has a friend with a child who would be
interested.

Thanks,

Howard
--
Howard Portugal   |  When you have eliminated the impossible,
West Chester, PA  |  whatever remains, however improbable,
howardp@fast.net  |  must be the truth.
                 |  Sir Arthur Conan Doyle
                 |  Sherlock Holmes, in The Sign of Four, ch. 6 (1889).





Date: Mon, 9 Dec 1996 12:11:16 -0400 (AST)
From: Howard Portugal <howardp@fast.net>
Subject: New Recruit Redux

Sorry for the repeat.

Instead of sending me the info on the Phila, PA group, if the individual
in charge could just send it to:

Sylvia Ernst
610 West Chestnut Street, Apt 7A
West Chester, PA 19380

I would appreciate it.

Thanks again.
--
Howard Portugal   |  When you have eliminated the impossible,
West Chester, PA  |  whatever remains, however improbable,
howardp@fast.net  |  must be the truth.
                 |  Sir Arthur Conan Doyle
                 |  Sherlock Holmes, in The Sign of Four, ch. 6 (1889).





Date: Mon, 9 Dec 1996 13:18:07 -0400 (AST)
From: Holmes David EXC IS CH <holmes@chbs.ciba.com>
Subject: RE: Folding from Circlular paper.  [Long]

Hi,

David Lister wrote:

> The most interesting use for folding a circle is so fold the paper in
> mountains and valleys from the centre, the creases being made not in
straight
> lines, but in an increasing spiral from the centre, The paper can
then be
> wound up to form a tight cylinder of paper around the axis passing
vertically
> through the centre. This has seriously been suggested as a way of
folding
> solar panels for space craft .

I can't believe I forgot about this!  When I was studying for my
A-Levels,
I was a group member working on a project with some guys from Cambridge
Consultants Ltd. (Cambridge, England).

This was back in 1989 (I think 8^).  NASA had announced a project to
send
a number of Solar Sails on a race to Mars in 1992, to celebrate
Columbus'
discovery of America.  Various companies from around the world came up
with different designs for Solar Sails.

The guys at CCL came up with this ingenious idea for storing the
reflective
surface that would be the actual sail, during take-off.  As David said,
many curved spines radiated out from the centre (see little diagram
below)
    _
   /  __
(  \_/_ \
 \_(_) \
\__/ \  )
    _/

allowing the flat surface to 'curl' up around itself.  They had a lot
of
paper demonstration models and I think I still have one lurking at the
back
of a drawer at home.

It was a real privilege knowing that I was contributing, if only in a
small way, to something that would eventually travel to another planet!
Pity NASA cancelled the project due to budget cuts 8^)

Dave, hoping that made some sense and was interesting to someone.

--
David M Holmes - Internet/Intranet Infrastructure, Ciba-Geigy
<holmes@chbs.ciba.com>     - work           Ooo
<david.holmes@bigfoot.com> - other stuff   (   )
http://www.geocities.com/Tokyo/2162         ) /
Perl Programmer && Paper Folder            (_/





Date: Mon, 09 Dec 1996 15:35:30 -0400 (AST)
From: rita <rstevens@philly.infi.NET>
Subject: Re: New Recruit

Is there a Philadelphia (Roxborough is where I live) group?  I'm also
interested in hearing about it.
rstevens@philly.infi.net

Thanks.
Rita
Philadelphia, PA

At 12:10 PM 12/9/96 -0400, Howard Portugal wrote:
>Would whomever is responsible for the Philadelphia, PA (Roxborough?)
>regional group please drop me a private email with contact info? I met
>someone out in West Chester who has a friend with a child who would be
>interested.
>
>Thanks,
>
>Howard
>--
>Howard Portugal   |  When you have eliminated the impossible,
>West Chester, PA  |  whatever remains, however improbable,
>howardp@fast.net  |  must be the truth.
>               |  Sir Arthur Conan Doyle
>               |  Sherlock Holmes, in The Sign of Four, ch. 6 (1889).





Date: Mon, 9 Dec 1996 16:31:15 -0400 (AST)
From: Doug Philips <dwp+@transarc.com>
Subject: Re: When Pigs Grow Wings and Fly diagrams

Jean Villemaire wrote:
+Mark Morden wrote:
+> This is the one you've been waiting for.  With the kind permission of
+> Joseph Wu, I have posted diagrams of his model "When Pigs Grow Wings and
+> Fly."
+Thank you so much for this early Christmas gift.  My daughter is a pig
+maniac.  She collects anything bearing a twisted tail and a snout.  She was
+rolling in mud after I gave her this model ! :-)  Rear legs are real ham and
+the chin is so realistic, the animal almost slavered while I was completing
+the wings !  So BRAVO ! to Joseph for your peculiar idea (a pig with wings...
+How about a caterpillar wearing headphones ?) and Mark for your easy to
+follow diagrams (except for step 6, where I had to guess, and 13 to 19 I had
+to start over four times - what does that W in a circle stand for anyway?).

Agreed, Kudos to Joseph for that model, and for allowing it to be diagrammed.
;-)  Thanks Mark for doing it.  I haven't folded it from the diagrams yet.
I do have an amusing story about that model though.  I first learned it from
Joseph at the '95 convention during an after-hours session.  But I never got
around to refolding it while in NYC and so I forgot how, and I was not about
to unfold the only one I had! (Yeah, I know, its a personal flaw.)  At the '96
convention I again learned this model, but from a woman in the Vancouver
group.  The funny part is that over the course of the entire convention she
and I could never connect for more than about 20 minutes!  So I learned the
model a few creases at a time. ;-)  She even gave me a few models as step
folds!  There were even a few fellow Pittsburghers who were helping me find
her in the cafeteria - once my sage became known to them.  I think they got as
much enjoyment out of it as I did! ;-)

Sadly, and to my complete embarassment, I have been unable to recall
her name.  If you are her, please accept my grateful thanks and profound
apologies.  If happened to witness my "learning experience" and know who this
woman is, please write me!

-Doug





Date: Mon, 9 Dec 1996 18:06:02 -0400 (AST)
From: Jeannine Mosely <j9@concentra.com>
Subject: partitioning a line

I saw email on another list a few weeks back about a news story
involving two 15 year old boys who apparently had stumbled on a new
solution to an old mathematics problem and were being hailed as math
geniuses.  The excitement stems from the fact that you usually have to
be in a Ph.D. program to know enough math to have any hope of
discovering something that isn't already known.  That message gave too
little detail for me to pay much attention to it, but today these boys
were written up on the first page of the "Marketplace" section of The
Wall Street Journal, page B1.

The problem in question is one that comes up on this list often: how
do you divide a line into n equal parts.  One solution that I have
seen given on this list and in at least one origami book (and on
Robert Lang's CD-ROM, I think) involves finding the intersection of
two lines of different slopes.  If two lines of slope 1/n and -1/m
each have one endpoint at opposite ends of the segment to be
partitioned, the projection of their intersection onto the segment
will divide it into pieces in the ratio of m to n.  (This proceeds
fairly trivially from the law of sines.)

So, for example, if you wish to divide an edge in thirds, fold one
diagonal of a square (slope = 1) and make a crease between one of the
other corners and the midpoint of an edge (slope = 2).  Their
intersection point is 1/3 of the way between two opposite sides.

As best as I can tell from the WSJ article, this seems to be what the
two young math geniuses have "discovered".  In the words of the WSJ,
"Becauses so many people wanted to see the final paper, Mathematics
Teacher broke its own rule and put a copy on the Internet a full month
before the journal's publication (http://www.nctm.org)."  There may be
more to what these boys have done than what I was able to infer from
the Journal, but I can't get through to this web site to find out.

        -- Jeannine Mosely





Date: Mon, 9 Dec 1996 18:41:21 -0400 (AST)
From: Contractors Exchange <contract@pipeline.com>
Subject: Re: partitioning a line

At 06:06 PM 12/9/96 -0400, Jeannine Mosely <j9@concentra.com> wrote:
>
>
>I saw email on another list a few weeks back about a news story
>involving two 15 year old boys who apparently had stumbled on a new
>solution to an old mathematics problem and were being hailed as math
>geniuses.  The excitement stems from the fact that you usually have to
>be in a Ph.D. program to know enough math to have any hope of
>discovering something that isn't already known.  That message gave too
>little detail for me to pay much attention to it, but today these boys
>were written up on the first page of the "Marketplace" section of The
>Wall Street Journal, page B1.
>
>The problem in question is one that comes up on this list often: how
>do you divide a line into n equal parts.  One solution that I have
>seen given on this list and in at least one origami book (and on
>Robert Lang's CD-ROM, I think) involves finding the intersection of
>two lines of different slopes.  If two lines of slope 1/n and -1/m
>each have one endpoint at opposite ends of the segment to be
>partitioned, the projection of their intersection onto the segment
>will divide it into pieces in the ratio of m to n.  (This proceeds
>fairly trivially from the law of sines.)
>
>So, for example, if you wish to divide an edge in thirds, fold one
>diagonal of a square (slope = 1) and make a crease between one of the
>other corners and the midpoint of an edge (slope = 2).  Their
>intersection point is 1/3 of the way between two opposite sides.
>
>As best as I can tell from the WSJ article, this seems to be what the
>two young math geniuses have "discovered".  In the words of the WSJ,
>"Becauses so many people wanted to see the final paper, Mathematics
>Teacher broke its own rule and put a copy on the Internet a full month
>before the journal's publication (http://www.nctm.org)."  There may be
>more to what these boys have done than what I was able to infer from
>the Journal, but I can't get through to this web site to find out.

There is also a lot on line partitioning in OrigamiUSA's Basics book. Ron
Levey compiled techniques on dividing a squar into a multitude of different
partitions. He said the techniques were independantly discovered, and they
sound like the techniques you just described. This dose sound interesting,
so I will try to make a hit on that web site as well. Marc





Date: Mon, 9 Dec 1996 19:36:22 -0400 (AST)
From: Robby/Laura/Lisa <morassi@zen.it>
Subject: Hi all !

Hi all !

I've just subscribed the list, and am sure to find many old friends here,
and many others who know me. Warmest greetings to all of them.... and to the
others as well !

Nothing really important to say at this stage, let me browse around first !
I'll be glad to answer specific questions if I can, but don't expect me to
interact too often.... my leisure time is limited, and origami is no longer
on top of it.... :-(

Roberto

from Italy with love





Date: Mon, 9 Dec 1996 20:49:33 -0400 (AST)
From: Matthew Birchard <psu05992@odin.cc.pdx.edu>
Subject: Connected Money Folds

        Recently on this list there has been some discussion of the forms
of origami.  Mentioned within this thread has been connected origami.
The example given is of cutting a large square into several smaller
connected squares and then proceeding to fold connected cranes out of it.
I've seen this in a few books some time ago, but never have tried it.
        My particular area of interest in origami is money folding.  It
is possible to obtain uncut sheets of U.S. currency in various standard
sizes; either a four bill sheet, 16 bill sheet, or the big one, a 36 bill
sheet.  I have several books on money folding and can fold a great many
models from a U.S. dollar.  My question to the list, and reason for
posting this is: Has anyone tried connected money folds?  If so, which
model was used?  What cutting pattern was used?
        I ask, because before I go about experimenting with this, I'd like
some direction, or advice.  When using U.S. currency for your type of
paper to fold, you are working with paper that has an actual cash value.
Also, in most cases, the purchase price of uncut sheets of currency is
higher than the face value.  I enjoy origami, but would perfer to avoid
some expensive failed efforts if at all possible.  Although I can
certainly spend any money which I have severly creased or mangled in
other ways, I'll need a new uncut sheet to start my next attempt with.
        I invite any comments on this subject.  Either via private e-mail
or postings on the list.  List posting may prove best as they promote
more feedback.  Thanks to all.

Matt Birchard
Portland, Oregon  USA
<psu05992@odin.cc.pdx.edu>





Date: Mon, 9 Dec 1996 21:05:21 -0400 (AST)
From: Joseph Wu <origami@planet.datt.co.jp>
Subject: Re: When Pigs Grow Wings and Fly diagrams

On Mon, 9 Dec 1996, Doug Philips wrote:

=Agreed, Kudos to Joseph for that model, and for allowing it to be diagrammed.
=;-)  Thanks Mark for doing it.  I haven't folded it from the diagrams yet.
=I do have an amusing story about that model though.  I first learned it from
=Joseph at the '95 convention during an after-hours session.  But I never got
=around to refolding it while in NYC and so I forgot how, and I was not about
=to unfold the only one I had! (Yeah, I know, its a personal flaw.)  At the '96
=convention I again learned this model, but from a woman in the Vancouver
=group.  The funny part is that over the course of the entire convention she
=and I could never connect for more than about 20 minutes!  So I learned the
=model a few creases at a time. ;-)  She even gave me a few models as step
=folds!  There were even a few fellow Pittsburghers who were helping me find
=her in the cafeteria - once my sage became known to them.  I think they got as
=much enjoyment out of it as I did! ;-)
=
=Sadly, and to my complete embarassment, I have been unable to recall
=her name.  If you are her, please accept my grateful thanks and profound
=apologies.  If happened to witness my "learning experience" and know who this
=woman is, please write me!

That would be Elaine Horn since she was the only person from Vancouver this
year. She didn't tell me about that particular incident, but reported having a
very good time at Convention. Elaine is not online, but I'll try to arrange to
have your thanks passed on to her. Incidentally, it was partially through
Elaine that I got in touch with Mark Morden in the first place. He had seen
some of her magnificent renditions of the Neale dragon with the Kasahara head
while visiting BC, and, after finding out that I was from Vancouver, e-mailed
me to ask about them. The rest, as they say, is history.

          Joseph Wu           Faith: When you have come to the end of all the
  origami@planet.datt.co.jp   light that you know and need to step into the
 Webmaster, the Origami Page  darkness of the unknown, Faith is knowing that
http://www.datt.co.jp/Origami one of two things will happen: either there will
 Webmaster, DATT Japan Inc.   be something solid to stand on or you will be
    http://www.datt.co.jp     taught how to fly.                --Anonymous





Date: Mon, 9 Dec 1996 21:08:47 -0400 (AST)
From: Joseph Wu <origami@planet.datt.co.jp>
Subject: Re: Connected Money Folds

On Mon, 9 Dec 1996, Matthew Birchard wrote:

=       My particular area of interest in origami is money folding.  It
=is possible to obtain uncut sheets of U.S. currency in various standard
=sizes; either a four bill sheet, 16 bill sheet, or the big one, a 36 bill
=sheet.  I have several books on money folding and can fold a great many
=models from a U.S. dollar.  My question to the list, and reason for
=posting this is: Has anyone tried connected money folds?  If so, which
=model was used?  What cutting pattern was used?

I've played with a sheet of this before, but have never considered doing
connected folding. Good idea!

=       I ask, because before I go about experimenting with this, I'd like
=some direction, or advice.  When using U.S. currency for your type of
=paper to fold, you are working with paper that has an actual cash value.
=Also, in most cases, the purchase price of uncut sheets of currency is
=higher than the face value.  I enjoy origami, but would perfer to avoid
=some expensive failed efforts if at all possible.  Although I can
=certainly spend any money which I have severly creased or mangled in
=other ways, I'll need a new uncut sheet to start my next attempt with.

You can always experiment with regular paper. The ratio of the sides of an
American dollar bill is 3 by 7.

          Joseph Wu           Faith: When you have come to the end of all the
  origami@planet.datt.co.jp   light that you know and need to step into the
 Webmaster, the Origami Page  darkness of the unknown, Faith is knowing that
http://www.datt.co.jp/Origami one of two things will happen: either there will
 Webmaster, DATT Japan Inc.   be something solid to stand on or you will be
    http://www.datt.co.jp     taught how to fly.                --Anonymous





Date: Mon, 9 Dec 1996 22:08:34 -0400 (AST)
From: Valerie Vann <75070.304@compuserve.com>
Subject: Re: partitioning a line

This discussion reminds me of an old draughtmen's trick,
even more "low tech" than my favorite way of dividing
an edge in origami (i.e. lay paper's edge diagonally across a
set of parallel lines or creases spanning the appropriate
number of spaces and the divisions you want are where the
parallel creases intersect the edge of the paper you're
trying to partition/divide).

Anyway, in the good old days of mapping and civil engineering,
we used to draw contour maps from a grid of elevation points
(if you were lucky you got a grid of points; often you just
had sort of random point wherever the surveyors could get to).

You needed to interpolate the distance between adjacent points
in order to find the location of the even foot elevation used
for the contour line. For example if you were trying to draw
the 5-ft elev. contour between 2 points with surveyed elevations
of 4.8ft and 5.2ft, you needed to divide the distance between
the points into 5 divisions. The 5 ft contour would go through
the 3rd division.

Since the number of divisions would vary, as would the distance
between the points, measuring and dividing was a slow awkward
process, even if you had the special dividers designed for
making multiple divisions, and those were often too big for
the distance you were working with anyway.

The quick and dirty solution (though probably too dirty for
origami) was this: take a wide rubber band, and cut it so you
had a long rubber strip. With the rubber band relaxed (not
stretched), mark off 10 or 20 divisions in india ink. Then
to divide the distance between two points into five divisions,
put 1 mark on the band on one point, and stretch the band
until the 6th mark is over the 2nd point. Instant flexible
ruler/divider! The rubber band would last a month or so and
then you'd make a new one. With practice you could hold the
rubber band in place with one hand while you marked your
chosen division with the other. It was much quicker than the
higher tech solutions available at the time.

--valerie
Valerie Vann
75070.304@compuserve.com





Date: Tue, 10 Dec 1996 04:23:46 -0400 (AST)
From: Nick Robinson <nick@homelink.demon.co.uk>
Subject: Re: Folding from Circlular paper.

Tim Heil <teach@ezl.com> sez

>rhombic, pentagonal, hexagonal and octagonal paper,

Most of these can easily be created with minimal wastage by folding,
then it becomes a purism vs. efficiency issue. Shen has used 5 & 6 sided
paper to beautiful effect. Can't quite see the point of circular paper
unless the final design uses the original curved edge. Francis Ow has
created some that fit this bill - they're in one of his self-published
booklets...

all the best,

Nick Robinson

Origami, Improvised Guitar, Internet consultancy and Web design!

email           nick@homelink.demon.co.uk
homepage        http://www.rpmrecords.co.uk/nick
BOS homepage    http://www.rpmrecords.co.uk/bos/
DART homepage   http://www.shef.ac.uk/uni/projects/oip/dart/
RPM homepage    http://www.rpmrecords.co.uk





Date: Tue, 10 Dec 1996 04:24:21 -0400 (AST)
From: Nick Robinson <nick@homelink.demon.co.uk>
Subject: Finger music

"Sergei Y. Afonkin" <sergei@origami.nit.spb.su> sez

> origami-student collects different games and trick  with
>human fingers

I have a superb book called "Finger Plays" by Emilie Poulsson which
appears to date from around 1920. It quotes Frobel in the intro and
consists of songs with sheet music and beautiful illustrations of how
the children should use their fingers to illustrate the stories.

Would it be worth my while photocopying & posting it to you (72 pages)?

all the best,

Nick Robinson

Origami, Improvised Guitar, Internet consultancy and Web design!

email           nick@homelink.demon.co.uk
homepage        http://www.rpmrecords.co.uk/nick
BOS homepage    http://www.rpmrecords.co.uk/bos/
DART homepage   http://www.shef.ac.uk/uni/projects/oip/dart/
RPM homepage    http://www.rpmrecords.co.uk





Date: Tue, 10 Dec 1996 05:08:07 -0400 (AST)
From: Allen Parry <parry@eskimo.com>
Subject: Re: Connected Money Folds

Hi,

Portland, eh?  Do you know Gretchen?

I'm the dollar bill expert....with over 200 good bill folds and many, many
original designs.  At the last convention I discovered many of my designs
to be classified in the advance category.  I am currently working on a
book of dollar bill folds, under the prompting of Montroll.  Anyway, I
find it interesting there is another enthusiast so close (I'm in Bellevue,
WA).

As far as what you want to do with the money sheets....not too many
folder's, I think, find interest in that medium.  I know money paper.  Its
more durable since it is made of both cotton and polyester fiber and thus
less likely to tear.  It is also thicker making more complex designs more
difficult to fold.

Anyway, its good to know you're out there.

Allen Parry
parry@eskimo.com





Date: Tue, 10 Dec 1996 06:06:36 -0400 (AST)
From: PEDRO GASPAR <i950694@groucho.idt-isep.ipp.pt>
Subject: Hello!!

        Hi!!I am new here...And I was wondering, if someone could help me

                                 Thank you all!!

Pedro Gaspar
E-mail : i950694@groucho.idt-isep.ipp.pt





Date: Tue, 10 Dec 1996 07:04:23 -0400 (AST)
From: Maarten van Gelder <M.J.van.Gelder@rc.rug.nl>
Subject: Convention in Spain

Does someone (in Spain?) know when the Origami Convention in Spain is held?
I'd like to attend it next spring.

Maarten van Gelder,           Rekencentrum RuG,  RijksUniversiteit Groningen
M.J.van.Gelder@rc.rug.nl                         Nederland





Date: Tue, 10 Dec 1996 08:50:02 -0400 (AST)
From: juancarlos <jlondono@calima.ciat.cgiar.org>
Subject: Folding memories

Hi

During more than two years, I was "plugged" to the origami list. During this
time, I shared with you origami experiences, I learned as I never though,
made friends...

Unfortunately, the company who provides me E-mail service fired me, 'cause
my contratc is over.

I hope to hear about you as soon as I can to connect again to a new internet
service. At least E-mail service from my own office.

I want  to say thank you very much for all you give me, and wish you a merry
christmas and a very happy new year.

Good bye

Juancarlos Londono
po box 20178
Cali - Colombia
jclondono@geocities.com





Date: Tue, 10 Dec 1996 11:44:07 -0400 (AST)
From: Tim Heil <teach@ezl.COM>
Subject: Re: Fingers... only ten fingers! (and purses)

        Oops, sorry, Sergei.  I read your post hastily and since I'm partial
to purses, pocketbooks, wallets, boxes, and other containers, I responded
rather hastily, too.
        However, since I seem to have brought up the subject,  does anyone
else know of other purse/coin purse/needle/stamp/button kind of containers?
I believe someone on this list has mentioned a book "Lifestyle Origami" as a
source of utilitarian folds.  Does it have folds of this sort?  I particular
like purses of the type that are either squeezed to open or can be pulled
open and snap closed like the tato.
----------------------------------------------------------------
|| Tim Heil                ||     I wouldn't have seen it     ||
|| (teach@ezl.com)         ||     if I hadn't believed it.    ||





Date: Tue, 10 Dec 1996 12:18:38 -0400 (AST)
From: DLister891@aol.com
Subject: Circular Origami.

In response to my lack of enthusiasm for folding from circular paper, Robert
Lang points out that many of the twist folds of Jeremy Shafer and Chris
Palmer are "rather well" adapted to folding from circles.

Yes YES! I had overlooked the rotational qualties of twist folding. The
nearest I got was the "spiral folding" proposed for satellite solar panels,
but in that catagory, the folding of curved spiral lines presents practical
difficulties for he folder. I really should have remembered the kind of
folding developed with so much interest by Jeremy and Chris. I would like to
point out, however, that their work springs from that of Shuzo Fujimoto. Yet
Yoshihide Momotani invented the "twist" some years before Fujimoto. He used
it to effect in some of his flowers, but never exploited it further. Possibly
it had been invented before that, but I haven't yet consciously come across
an earlier instance.

There are problably other approaches to folding which involve patterns
rotated about a centre. Indeed, pentagonal, hexagonal and octagonal (et al.)
folding is often, although not always, of this kind. The work of Philip Shen
comes to mind, althouh he usually starts from a square. Here indeed is a
 fallow field to be tilled by someone who can release him/herself from the
blinkers of folding from the traditional square and rectilinear creasing.

But modern origami "tesselations" are not limited to  finite circles of
origami paper of small size. The patterns develoed by Shuzo Fujimoto, Jeremy
Shafer and Chris Palmer do not confine themseves to the bounds of the paper
they are using, As they work outwards, so the actual shape of the paper they
are using becomes irrelevant, and as far as the ultimate pattern they are
folding is concerned, it doesn'f matter whether they are folding from square
or circular paper or paper of any other shape. The GEOMETRY of folding is
independent of the shape of the paper. (and, of course, the geometry is still
made up of straight lines, whether they rotate or not.)

Now it may be possible to develop origami tessellations to the extent that
the shape of the paper _does_ becomes relevant, just as the number of carbon
atoms in pure carbon, irrelevant in the open structures of diamond or
graphite, does become relevant in the closed stucture of Carbon-60.  Let's
hope it does, because it will indicate that closed structures have been
developed in origami tessellations, (I'm not particularly thinking of
spheroid obbjects here - don't take my Buckyball analogy too far.) All I mean
is that the tessellation would, from its inherent geometry, necessarily fit
the shape of the paper in which the folding was started, whether circular or
any other particular shape. That would be yet another leap forward in our
understanding of the universe of paperfolding and how it works.

In the meantime I will continue to stuff all these new ideas into my file
marked "Circular Origami". I hope that soon it will be thick and fat.

David Lister

Grimsby, England,
.

DLister891@AOL.com





Date: Tue, 10 Dec 1996 12:19:15 -0400 (AST)
From: DLister891@aol.com
Subject: The Blessings of Modern Technology.

I'm, in limbo!  After sending off to Origami - L my obsevations on Circular
Origami and Buckminsterfullerene on Friday, I travelled to London for the day
on Saturday. (Playing Cards this time: if ever anyone gets weary of Origami
and wants to try another absolutely absorbing subject, just let me know.) I
set off too early and arrived back too late to tackle the computer, although
Mark, my son had done a download during the day, so everything was more or
less up to date at that point.

After breakfast on Sunday, I decided to gather the night's harvest, but when
I tried to sign on to AOL, I got pecular messages like  "no modem connection"
and                  "can't make any conection" and then a message advising
me to try the steam telephone to see if the line was still live.

It wasn't. Absolutely dead! I have lived in fear of the computer going down,
but here was something horrifyting and it couldn't be blamed on the computer
or anything connected with it. I went round to see my neight bour, Alex and
telephoned my plight to British Telecom. Alex's line was still working - why
not mine? After navigating through  a labyrinth of disembodied voices putting
me on hold, apologising for the continuing delay, asking me to press the
asterisk button (if there was one - there was) and then requiring me to voice
a strangulated "one" for the service I needed, I eventurally spoke to a real
live human being. He seemed to be able to tell that it was an "Outside Fault"
and that the engineers would be sent out to put it right. And when would this
be? Oh! we would hope to have it put right by the end of the next working
day.

The engineer came at nine-fifteen this morning, Monday, and plugged in
various types of new-fangled machinery and pressed countless buttons in
seemingly random fashion. "I'm getting a peculiar response" he said in
between looking at the squirrels in the garden. "It looks like a line fault"
"I'll have to go out and try to find it" "Others are off, too". "'ll come
back, but don't wait in for me." Then he went. And here I am, sitting by a
computer isolated from the rest of origamity.

Fortunately, on Sunday I was able to read the messages to Origami - L which
Mark had downloaded for me. I have to say that was rather taken aback by the
sheer volume and quality of the reponse to my innocent contributions. Bob
Lang put me in my place about cicular origami and about straight and curved
lines in folding. (Yes, I admit my mention of all three points was
rhetorical, or rather for literary effect. But I'll answer Bob's points
separately.) Others queried the definition of Origami - have I started a new
"form War"?  Is modular folding Origami? Is folding foil Origami? How shall
origami be classified?

Thank you for all these observations. They encourage me to want to respond to
them, but at the moment, with no telephone line, I am frustrated and
impotent. The most I can do is compose my replies in the hope that one day I
shall be able to transmit them to Origami -L. But what other contributions
will have flowed in, in the meantime? Will they raise further fponts that
will make my replies made during the eclipse, obsolete and old hat?

Then there are the private communications which must be replied to. If this
goes on much longer, will people begin to think me very rude? What if  all of
BT's lines have been dissolved in the floods from the recent heavy rains?

By the ime you read this, (if ever), our line will have been restored. In the
meantime I can only register my apologies in advance, and write separate
E-mails with my prospective replies to the points raised.

,David Lister,

Limbo,

DLister891@AOL.com

P.S. It's now 4.0 p.m. on Tuesday and our line has been restored. I'll send
what I havyped so far and will send the rest later. Meanwhile what messages
have accumulated while I have been off-line?
