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 * Copyright (c) 2011-2021, NVIDIA CORPORATION.  All rights reserved.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
 *     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 *       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 *     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
 *       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
 *       documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 *     * Neither the name of the NVIDIA CORPORATION nor the
 *       names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products
 *       derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND
 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
 * WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
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 * (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
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 * ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
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 * SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
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 ******************************************************************************/

// Ensure printing of CUDA runtime errors to console
#define CUB_STDERR

#include <cub/device/device_segmented_sort.cuh>

#include <nv/target>

#include <test_util.h>

#include <thrust/count.h>
#include <thrust/device_vector.h>
#include <thrust/host_vector.h>
#include <thrust/random.h>
#include <thrust/reduce.h>
#include <thrust/sequence.h>
#include <thrust/shuffle.h>
#include <thrust/sort.h>

#include <fstream>

#define TEST_HALF_T !_NVHPC_CUDA

#define TEST_BF_T !_NVHPC_CUDA

#if TEST_HALF_T
#include <cuda_fp16.h>
#endif

#if TEST_BF_T
#include <cuda_bf16.h>
#endif

using namespace cub;

template <typename T>
struct UnwrapHalfAndBfloat16
{
  using Type = T;
};

#if TEST_HALF_T
template <>
struct UnwrapHalfAndBfloat16<half_t>
{
  using Type = __half;
};
#endif

#if TEST_BF_T
template <>
struct UnwrapHalfAndBfloat16<bfloat16_t>
{
  using Type = __nv_bfloat16;
};
#endif

constexpr static int MAX_ITERATIONS = 2;


class SizeGroupDescription
{
public:
  SizeGroupDescription(const int segments,
                       const int segment_size)
      : segments(segments)
      , segment_size(segment_size)
  {}

  int segments {};
  int segment_size {};
};

template <typename KeyT>
struct SegmentChecker
{
  const KeyT *sorted_keys {};
  const int *offsets {};

  SegmentChecker(const KeyT *sorted_keys,
                 const int *offsets)
    : sorted_keys(sorted_keys)
    , offsets(offsets)
  {}

  bool operator()(int segment_id)
  {
    const int segment_begin = offsets[segment_id];
    const int segment_end = offsets[segment_id + 1];

    int counter = 0;
    for (int i = segment_begin; i < segment_end; i++)
    {
      if (sorted_keys[i] != static_cast<KeyT>(counter++))
      {
        return false;
      }
    }

    return true;
  }
};

template <typename KeyT>
struct DescendingSegmentChecker
{
  const KeyT *sorted_keys{};
  const int *offsets{};

  DescendingSegmentChecker(const KeyT *sorted_keys,
                           const int *offsets)
      : sorted_keys(sorted_keys)
      , offsets(offsets)
  {}

  bool operator()(int segment_id)
  {
    const int segment_begin = offsets[segment_id];
    const int segment_end   = offsets[segment_id + 1];

    int counter = 0;
    for (int i = segment_end - 1; i >= segment_begin; i--)
    {
      if (sorted_keys[i] != static_cast<KeyT>(counter++))
      {
        return false;
      }
    }

    return true;
  }
};

template <typename KeyT>
struct ReversedIota
{
  KeyT *data {};
  const int *offsets {};

  ReversedIota(KeyT *data,
               const int *offsets)
    : data(data)
    , offsets(offsets)
  {}

  void operator()(int segment_id) const
  {
    const int segment_begin = offsets[segment_id];
    const int segment_end = offsets[segment_id + 1];
    const int segment_size = segment_end - segment_begin;

    int count = 0;
    for (int i = segment_begin; i < segment_end; i++)
    {
      data[i] = static_cast<KeyT>(segment_size - 1 - count++);
    }
  }
};


template <typename KeyT>
struct Iota
{
  KeyT *data{};
  const int *offsets{};

  Iota(KeyT *data, const int *offsets)
      : data(data)
      , offsets(offsets)
  {}

  void operator()(int segment_id) const
  {
    const int segment_begin = offsets[segment_id];
    const int segment_end   = offsets[segment_id + 1];

    int count = 0;
    for (int i = segment_begin; i < segment_end; i++)
    {
      data[i] = static_cast<KeyT>(count++);
    }
  }
};


template <typename KeyT,
          typename ValueT = cub::NullType>
class Input
{
  thrust::default_random_engine random_engine;
  thrust::device_vector<int> d_segment_sizes;
  thrust::device_vector<int> d_offsets;
  thrust::host_vector<int> h_offsets;

  using MaskedValueT = cub::detail::conditional_t<
    std::is_same<ValueT, cub::NullType>::value, KeyT, ValueT>;

  bool reverse {};
  int num_items {};
  thrust::device_vector<KeyT> d_keys;
  thrust::device_vector<MaskedValueT> d_values;
  thrust::host_vector<KeyT> h_keys;
  thrust::host_vector<MaskedValueT> h_values;

public:
  Input(bool reverse, const thrust::host_vector<int> &h_segment_sizes)
      : d_segment_sizes(h_segment_sizes)
      , d_offsets(d_segment_sizes.size() + 1)
      , h_offsets(d_segment_sizes.size() + 1)
      , reverse(reverse)
      , num_items(static_cast<int>(
          thrust::reduce(d_segment_sizes.begin(), d_segment_sizes.end())))
      , d_keys(num_items)
      , d_values(num_items)
      , h_keys(num_items)
      , h_values(num_items)
  {
    update();
  }

  Input(thrust::host_vector<int> &h_offsets)
    : d_offsets(h_offsets)
    , h_offsets(h_offsets)
    , reverse(false)
    , num_items(h_offsets.back())
    , d_keys(num_items)
    , d_values(num_items)
  {
  }

  void shuffle()
  {
    thrust::shuffle(d_segment_sizes.begin(), d_segment_sizes.end(), random_engine);

    update();
  }

  int get_num_items() const
  {
    return num_items;
  }

  int get_num_segments() const
  {
    return static_cast<unsigned int>(d_segment_sizes.size());
  }

  const KeyT *get_d_keys() const
  {
    return thrust::raw_pointer_cast(d_keys.data());
  }

  thrust::device_vector<KeyT> &get_d_keys_vec()
  {
    return d_keys;
  }

  thrust::device_vector<MaskedValueT> &get_d_values_vec()
  {
    return d_values;
  }

  KeyT *get_d_keys()
  {
    return thrust::raw_pointer_cast(d_keys.data());
  }

  const thrust::host_vector<int>& get_h_offsets()
  {
    return h_offsets;
  }

  MaskedValueT *get_d_values()
  {
    return thrust::raw_pointer_cast(d_values.data());
  }

  const int *get_d_offsets() const
  {
    return thrust::raw_pointer_cast(d_offsets.data());
  }

  template <typename T>
  bool check_output_implementation(const T *keys_output)
  {
    const int *offsets = thrust::raw_pointer_cast(h_offsets.data());

    if (reverse)
    {
      DescendingSegmentChecker<T> checker{keys_output, offsets};

      for (int i = 0; i < get_num_segments(); i++)
      {
        if (!checker(i))
        {
          return false;
        }
      }
    }
    else
    {
      SegmentChecker<T> checker{keys_output, offsets};

      for (int i = 0; i < get_num_segments(); i++)
      {
        if (!checker(i))
        {
          return false;
        }
      }
    }

    return true;
  }

  bool check_output(const KeyT *d_keys_output,
                    const MaskedValueT *d_values_output = nullptr)
  {
    KeyT *keys_output = thrust::raw_pointer_cast(h_keys.data());
    MaskedValueT *values_output = thrust::raw_pointer_cast(h_values.data());

    cudaMemcpy(keys_output,
               d_keys_output,
               sizeof(KeyT) * num_items,
               cudaMemcpyDeviceToHost);

    const bool keys_ok = check_output_implementation(keys_output);

    if (std::is_same<ValueT, cub::NullType>::value || d_values_output == nullptr)
    {
      return keys_ok;
    }

    cudaMemcpy(values_output,
               d_values_output,
               sizeof(ValueT) * num_items,
               cudaMemcpyDeviceToHost);

    const bool values_ok = check_output_implementation(values_output);

    return keys_ok && values_ok;
  }

private:
  void update()
  {
    fill_offsets();
    gen_keys();
  }

  void fill_offsets()
  {
    thrust::copy(d_segment_sizes.begin(), d_segment_sizes.end(), d_offsets.begin());
    thrust::exclusive_scan(d_offsets.begin(), d_offsets.end(), d_offsets.begin(), 0u);
    thrust::copy(d_offsets.begin(), d_offsets.end(), h_offsets.begin());
  }

  void gen_keys()
  {
    KeyT *keys_output = thrust::raw_pointer_cast(h_keys.data());
    const int *offsets = thrust::raw_pointer_cast(h_offsets.data());

    if (reverse)
    {
      Iota<KeyT> generator{keys_output, offsets};

      for (int i = 0; i < get_num_segments(); i++)
      {
        generator(i);
      }
    }
    else
    {
      ReversedIota<KeyT> generator{keys_output, offsets};

      for (int i = 0; i < get_num_segments(); i++)
      {
        generator(i);
      }
    }

    d_keys = h_keys;
    d_values = d_keys;
  }
};

template <typename KeyT,
          bool IsIntegralType = std::is_integral<KeyT>::value>
class InputDescription
{
  thrust::host_vector<int> segment_sizes;

public:
  InputDescription& add(const SizeGroupDescription &group)
  {
    if (static_cast<std::size_t>(group.segment_size) <
        static_cast<std::size_t>((std::numeric_limits<KeyT>::max)()))
    {
      for (int i = 0; i < group.segments; i++)
      {
        segment_sizes.push_back(group.segment_size);
      }
    }

    return *this;
  }

  template <typename ValueT = cub::NullType>
  Input<KeyT, ValueT> gen(bool reverse)
  {
    return Input<KeyT, ValueT>(reverse, segment_sizes);
  }
};

template <typename KeyT>
class InputDescription<KeyT, false>
{
  thrust::host_vector<int> segment_sizes;

public:
  InputDescription& add(const SizeGroupDescription &group)
  {
    for (int i = 0; i < group.segments; i++)
    {
      segment_sizes.push_back(group.segment_size);
    }

    return *this;
  }

  template <typename ValueT = cub::NullType>
  Input<KeyT, ValueT> gen(bool reverse)
  {
    return Input<KeyT, ValueT>(reverse, segment_sizes);
  }
};


template <typename WrappedKeyT,
          typename ValueT>
void Sort(bool pairs,
          bool descending,
          bool double_buffer,
          bool stable_sort,

          void *tmp_storage,
          std::size_t &temp_storage_bytes,

          WrappedKeyT *wrapped_input_keys,
          WrappedKeyT *wrapped_output_keys,

          ValueT *input_values,
          ValueT *output_values,

          int num_items,
          int num_segments,
          const int *d_offsets,

          int *keys_selector = nullptr,
          int *values_selector = nullptr)
{
  using KeyT = typename UnwrapHalfAndBfloat16<WrappedKeyT>::Type;

  auto input_keys = reinterpret_cast<KeyT*>(wrapped_input_keys);
  auto output_keys = reinterpret_cast<KeyT*>(wrapped_output_keys);

  if (stable_sort)
  {
    if (pairs)
    {
      if (descending)
      {
        if (double_buffer)
        {
          cub::DoubleBuffer<KeyT> keys_buffer(input_keys, output_keys);
          keys_buffer.selector = *keys_selector;

          cub::DoubleBuffer<ValueT> values_buffer(input_values, output_values);
          values_buffer.selector = *values_selector;

          CubDebugExit(cub::DeviceSegmentedSort::StableSortPairsDescending(
            tmp_storage,
            temp_storage_bytes,
            keys_buffer,
            values_buffer,
            num_items,
            num_segments,
            d_offsets,
            d_offsets + 1));

          *keys_selector   = keys_buffer.selector;
          *values_selector = values_buffer.selector;
        }
        else
        {
          CubDebugExit(cub::DeviceSegmentedSort::StableSortPairsDescending(
            tmp_storage,
            temp_storage_bytes,
            input_keys,
            output_keys,
            input_values,
            output_values,
            num_items,
            num_segments,
            d_offsets,
            d_offsets + 1));
        }
      }
      else
      {
        if (double_buffer)
        {
          cub::DoubleBuffer<KeyT> keys_buffer(input_keys, output_keys);
          keys_buffer.selector = *keys_selector;

          cub::DoubleBuffer<ValueT> values_buffer(input_values, output_values);
          values_buffer.selector = *values_selector;

          CubDebugExit(
            cub::DeviceSegmentedSort::StableSortPairs(tmp_storage,
                                                      temp_storage_bytes,
                                                      keys_buffer,
                                                      values_buffer,
                                                      num_items,
                                                      num_segments,
                                                      d_offsets,
                                                      d_offsets + 1));

          *keys_selector   = keys_buffer.selector;
          *values_selector = values_buffer.selector;
        }
        else
        {
          CubDebugExit(
            cub::DeviceSegmentedSort::StableSortPairs(tmp_storage,
                                                      temp_storage_bytes,
                                                      input_keys,
                                                      output_keys,
                                                      input_values,
                                                      output_values,
                                                      num_items,
                                                      num_segments,
                                                      d_offsets,
                                                      d_offsets + 1));
        }
      }
    }
    else
    {
      if (descending)
      {
        if (double_buffer)
        {
          cub::DoubleBuffer<KeyT> keys_buffer(input_keys, output_keys);
          keys_buffer.selector = *keys_selector;

          CubDebugExit(cub::DeviceSegmentedSort::StableSortKeysDescending(
            tmp_storage,
            temp_storage_bytes,
            keys_buffer,
            num_items,
            num_segments,
            d_offsets,
            d_offsets + 1));

          *keys_selector = keys_buffer.selector;
        }
        else
        {
          CubDebugExit(cub::DeviceSegmentedSort::StableSortKeysDescending(
            tmp_storage,
            temp_storage_bytes,
            input_keys,
            output_keys,
            num_items,
            num_segments,
            d_offsets,
            d_offsets + 1));
        }
      }
      else
      {
        if (double_buffer)
        {
          cub::DoubleBuffer<KeyT> keys_buffer(input_keys, output_keys);
          keys_buffer.selector = *keys_selector;

          CubDebugExit(
            cub::DeviceSegmentedSort::StableSortKeys(tmp_storage,
                                                     temp_storage_bytes,
                                                     keys_buffer,
                                                     num_items,
                                                     num_segments,
                                                     d_offsets,
                                                     d_offsets + 1));

          *keys_selector = keys_buffer.selector;
        }
        else
        {
          CubDebugExit(
            cub::DeviceSegmentedSort::StableSortKeys(tmp_storage,
                                                     temp_storage_bytes,
                                                     input_keys,
                                                     output_keys,
                                                     num_items,
                                                     num_segments,
                                                     d_offsets,
                                                     d_offsets + 1));
        }
      }
    }
  }
  else
  {
    if (pairs)
    {
      if (descending)
      {
        if (double_buffer)
        {
          cub::DoubleBuffer<KeyT> keys_buffer(input_keys, output_keys);
          keys_buffer.selector = *keys_selector;

          cub::DoubleBuffer<ValueT> values_buffer(input_values, output_values);
          values_buffer.selector = *values_selector;

          CubDebugExit(
            cub::DeviceSegmentedSort::SortPairsDescending(tmp_storage,
                                                          temp_storage_bytes,
                                                          keys_buffer,
                                                          values_buffer,
                                                          num_items,
                                                          num_segments,
                                                          d_offsets,
                                                          d_offsets + 1));

          *keys_selector   = keys_buffer.selector;
          *values_selector = values_buffer.selector;
        }
        else
        {
          CubDebugExit(
            cub::DeviceSegmentedSort::SortPairsDescending(tmp_storage,
                                                          temp_storage_bytes,
                                                          input_keys,
                                                          output_keys,
                                                          input_values,
                                                          output_values,
                                                          num_items,
                                                          num_segments,
                                                          d_offsets,
                                                          d_offsets + 1));
        }
      }
      else
      {
        if (double_buffer)
        {
          cub::DoubleBuffer<KeyT> keys_buffer(input_keys, output_keys);
          keys_buffer.selector = *keys_selector;

          cub::DoubleBuffer<ValueT> values_buffer(input_values, output_values);
          values_buffer.selector = *values_selector;

          CubDebugExit(cub::DeviceSegmentedSort::SortPairs(tmp_storage,
                                                           temp_storage_bytes,
                                                           keys_buffer,
                                                           values_buffer,
                                                           num_items,
                                                           num_segments,
                                                           d_offsets,
                                                           d_offsets + 1));

          *keys_selector   = keys_buffer.selector;
          *values_selector = values_buffer.selector;
        }
        else
        {
          CubDebugExit(cub::DeviceSegmentedSort::SortPairs(tmp_storage,
                                                           temp_storage_bytes,
                                                           input_keys,
                                                           output_keys,
                                                           input_values,
                                                           output_values,
                                                           num_items,
                                                           num_segments,
                                                           d_offsets,
                                                           d_offsets + 1));
        }
      }
    }
    else
    {
      if (descending)
      {
        if (double_buffer)
        {
          cub::DoubleBuffer<KeyT> keys_buffer(input_keys, output_keys);
          keys_buffer.selector = *keys_selector;

          CubDebugExit(
            cub::DeviceSegmentedSort::SortKeysDescending(tmp_storage,
                                                         temp_storage_bytes,
                                                         keys_buffer,
                                                         num_items,
                                                         num_segments,
                                                         d_offsets,
                                                         d_offsets + 1));

          *keys_selector = keys_buffer.selector;
        }
        else
        {
          CubDebugExit(
            cub::DeviceSegmentedSort::SortKeysDescending(tmp_storage,
                                                         temp_storage_bytes,
                                                         input_keys,
                                                         output_keys,
                                                         num_items,
                                                         num_segments,
                                                         d_offsets,
                                                         d_offsets + 1));
        }
      }
      else
      {
        if (double_buffer)
        {
          cub::DoubleBuffer<KeyT> keys_buffer(input_keys, output_keys);
          keys_buffer.selector = *keys_selector;

          CubDebugExit(cub::DeviceSegmentedSort::SortKeys(tmp_storage,
                                                          temp_storage_bytes,
                                                          keys_buffer,
                                                          num_items,
                                                          num_segments,
                                                          d_offsets,
                                                          d_offsets + 1));

          *keys_selector = keys_buffer.selector;
        }
        else
        {
          CubDebugExit(cub::DeviceSegmentedSort::SortKeys(tmp_storage,
                                                          temp_storage_bytes,
                                                          input_keys,
                                                          output_keys,
                                                          num_items,
                                                          num_segments,
                                                          d_offsets,
                                                          d_offsets + 1));
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

template <typename KeyT,
          typename ValueT>
std::size_t Sort(bool pairs,
                 bool descending,
                 bool double_buffer,
                 bool stable_sort,

                 KeyT *input_keys,
                 KeyT *output_keys,

                 ValueT *input_values,
                 ValueT *output_values,

                 int num_items,
                 int num_segments,
                 const int *d_offsets,

                 int *keys_selector   = nullptr,
                 int *values_selector = nullptr)
{
  std::size_t temp_storage_bytes = 42ul;

  Sort<KeyT, ValueT>(pairs,
                     descending,
                     double_buffer,
                     stable_sort,
                     nullptr,
                     temp_storage_bytes,
                     input_keys,
                     output_keys,
                     input_values,
                     output_values,
                     num_items,
                     num_segments,
                     d_offsets,
                     keys_selector,
                     values_selector);

  thrust::device_vector<std::uint8_t> temp_storage(temp_storage_bytes);
  std::uint8_t *d_temp_storage = thrust::raw_pointer_cast(temp_storage.data());

  Sort<KeyT, ValueT>(pairs,
                     descending,
                     double_buffer,
                     stable_sort,
                     d_temp_storage,
                     temp_storage_bytes,
                     input_keys,
                     output_keys,
                     input_values,
                     output_values,
                     num_items,
                     num_segments,
                     d_offsets,
                     keys_selector,
                     values_selector);

  return temp_storage_bytes;
}


constexpr bool keys_only = false;
constexpr bool pairs = true;

constexpr bool ascending = false;
constexpr bool descending = true;

constexpr bool pointers = false;
constexpr bool double_buffer = true;

constexpr bool unstable = false;
constexpr bool stable = true;


void TestZeroSegments()
{
  // Type doesn't affect the escape logic, so it should be fine
  // to test only one set of types here.

  using KeyT = std::uint8_t;
  using ValueT = std::uint64_t;

  for (bool stable_sort: { unstable, stable })
  {
    for (bool sort_pairs: { keys_only, pairs })
    {
      for (bool sort_descending: { ascending, descending })
      {
        for (bool sort_buffer: { pointers, double_buffer })
        {
          cub::DoubleBuffer<KeyT> keys_buffer(nullptr, nullptr);
          cub::DoubleBuffer<ValueT> values_buffer(nullptr, nullptr);
          values_buffer.selector = 1;

          Sort<KeyT, ValueT>(sort_pairs,
                             sort_descending,
                             sort_buffer,
                             stable_sort,
                             nullptr,
                             nullptr,
                             nullptr,
                             nullptr,
                             int{},
                             int{},
                             nullptr,
                             &keys_buffer.selector,
                             &values_buffer.selector);

          AssertEquals(keys_buffer.selector, 0);
          AssertEquals(values_buffer.selector, 1);
        }
      }
    }
  }
}


void TestEmptySegments(int segments)
{
  // Type doesn't affect the escape logic, so it should be fine
  // to test only one set of types here.

  using KeyT = std::uint8_t;
  using ValueT = std::uint64_t;

  thrust::device_vector<int> offsets(segments + 1, int{});
  const int *d_offsets = thrust::raw_pointer_cast(offsets.data());

  for (bool sort_stable: { unstable, stable })
  {
    for (bool sort_pairs: { keys_only, pairs })
    {
      for (bool sort_descending: { ascending, descending })
      {
        for (bool sort_buffer: { pointers, double_buffer })
        {
          cub::DoubleBuffer<KeyT> keys_buffer(nullptr, nullptr);
          cub::DoubleBuffer<ValueT> values_buffer(nullptr, nullptr);
          values_buffer.selector = 1;

          Sort<KeyT, ValueT>(sort_pairs,
                             sort_descending,
                             sort_buffer,
                             sort_stable,
                             nullptr,
                             nullptr,
                             nullptr,
                             nullptr,
                             int{},
                             segments,
                             d_offsets,
                             &keys_buffer.selector,
                             &values_buffer.selector);

          AssertEquals(keys_buffer.selector, 0);
          AssertEquals(values_buffer.selector, 1);
        }
      }
    }
  }
}


template <typename KeyT,
          typename ValueT>
void TestSameSizeSegments(int segment_size,
                          int segments,
                          bool skip_values = false)
{
  const int num_items = segment_size * segments;

  thrust::device_vector<int> offsets(segments + 1);
  thrust::sequence(offsets.begin(),
                   offsets.end(),
                   int{},
                   segment_size);

  const int *d_offsets = thrust::raw_pointer_cast(offsets.data());

  const KeyT target_key {1};
  const ValueT target_value {42};

  thrust::device_vector<KeyT> keys_input(num_items);
  thrust::device_vector<KeyT> keys_output(num_items);

  KeyT *d_keys_input  = thrust::raw_pointer_cast(keys_input.data());
  KeyT *d_keys_output = thrust::raw_pointer_cast(keys_output.data());

  thrust::device_vector<ValueT> values_input(num_items);
  thrust::device_vector<ValueT> values_output(num_items);

  thrust::host_vector<KeyT> host_keys(num_items);
  thrust::host_vector<ValueT> host_values(num_items);

  ValueT *d_values_input  = thrust::raw_pointer_cast(values_input.data());
  ValueT *d_values_output = thrust::raw_pointer_cast(values_output.data());

  for (bool stable_sort: { unstable, stable })
  {
    for (bool sort_pairs: { keys_only, pairs })
    {
      if (sort_pairs)
      {
        if (skip_values)
        {
          continue;
        }
      }

      for (bool sort_descending: { ascending, descending })
      {
        for (bool sort_buffers: { pointers, double_buffer })
        {
          cub::DoubleBuffer<KeyT> keys_buffer(nullptr, nullptr);
          cub::DoubleBuffer<ValueT> values_buffer(nullptr, nullptr);
          values_buffer.selector = 1;

          thrust::fill(keys_input.begin(), keys_input.end(), target_key);
          thrust::fill(keys_output.begin(), keys_output.end(), KeyT{});

          if (sort_pairs)
          {
            if (sort_buffers)
            {
              thrust::fill(values_input.begin(), values_input.end(), ValueT{});
              thrust::fill(values_output.begin(), values_output.end(), target_value);
            }
            else
            {
              thrust::fill(values_input.begin(), values_input.end(), target_value);
              thrust::fill(values_output.begin(), values_output.end(), ValueT{});
            }
          }

          const std::size_t temp_storage_bytes =
            Sort<KeyT, ValueT>(sort_pairs,
                               sort_descending,
                               sort_buffers,
                               stable_sort,
                               d_keys_input,
                               d_keys_output,
                               d_values_input,
                               d_values_output,
                               num_items,
                               segments,
                               d_offsets,
                               &keys_buffer.selector,
                               &values_buffer.selector);

          // If temporary storage size is defined by extra keys storage
          if (sort_buffers)
          {
            if (2 * segments * sizeof(unsigned int) < num_items * sizeof(KeyT))
            {
              std::size_t extra_temp_storage_bytes{};

              Sort(sort_pairs,
                   sort_descending,
                   pointers,
                   stable_sort,
                   nullptr,
                   extra_temp_storage_bytes,
                   d_keys_input,
                   d_keys_output,
                   d_values_input,
                   d_values_output,
                   num_items,
                   segments,
                   d_offsets,
                   &keys_buffer.selector,
                   &values_buffer.selector);

              AssertTrue(extra_temp_storage_bytes > temp_storage_bytes);
            }
          }

          {
            host_keys = keys_buffer.selector || !sort_buffers ? keys_output
                                                              : keys_input;
            const std::size_t items_selected =
              thrust::count(host_keys.begin(), host_keys.end(), target_key);
            AssertEquals(static_cast<int>(items_selected), num_items);
          }

          if (sort_pairs)
          {
            host_values = values_buffer.selector || !sort_buffers
                            ? values_output
                            : values_input;
            const std::size_t items_selected =
              thrust::count(host_values.begin(),
                            host_values.end(),
                            target_value);

            AssertEquals(static_cast<int>(items_selected), num_items);
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }
}


template <typename KeyT,
          typename ValueT>
void InputTest(bool sort_descending,
               Input<KeyT, ValueT> &input)
{
  thrust::device_vector<KeyT> keys_output(input.get_num_items());
  KeyT *d_keys_output = thrust::raw_pointer_cast(keys_output.data());

  thrust::device_vector<ValueT> values_output(input.get_num_items());
  ValueT *d_values_output = thrust::raw_pointer_cast(values_output.data());

  for (bool stable_sort: { unstable, stable })
  {
    for (bool sort_pairs : { keys_only, pairs })
    {
      for (bool sort_buffers : {pointers, double_buffer})
      {
        for (int iteration = 0; iteration < MAX_ITERATIONS; iteration++)
        {
          thrust::fill(keys_output.begin(), keys_output.end(), KeyT{});
          thrust::fill(values_output.begin(), values_output.end(), ValueT{});

          cub::DoubleBuffer<KeyT> keys_buffer(input.get_d_keys(),
                                              d_keys_output);
          cub::DoubleBuffer<ValueT> values_buffer(input.get_d_values(),
                                                  d_values_output);

          Sort<KeyT, ValueT>(sort_pairs,
                             sort_descending,
                             sort_buffers,
                             stable_sort,
                             input.get_d_keys(),
                             d_keys_output,
                             input.get_d_values(),
                             d_values_output,
                             input.get_num_items(),
                             input.get_num_segments(),
                             input.get_d_offsets(),
                             &keys_buffer.selector,
                             &values_buffer.selector);

          if (sort_buffers)
          {
            if (sort_pairs)
            {
              AssertTrue(input.check_output(keys_buffer.Current(),
                                            values_buffer.Current()));
            }
            else
            {
              AssertTrue(input.check_output(keys_buffer.Current()));
            }
          }
          else
          {
            if (sort_pairs)
            {
              AssertTrue(input.check_output(d_keys_output, d_values_output));
            }
            else
            {
              AssertTrue(input.check_output(d_keys_output));
            }
          }

          input.shuffle();
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

struct ComparisonPredicate
{
  template <typename T>
  __host__ __device__ bool operator()(const T &lhs, const T &rhs) const
  {
    return lhs == rhs;
  }

  __host__ __device__ bool operator()(const half_t &lhs, const half_t &rhs) const
  {
    return lhs.raw() == rhs.raw();
  }
};

template <typename T>
bool compare_two_outputs(const thrust::host_vector<int> &offsets,
                         const thrust::host_vector<T> &lhs,
                         const thrust::host_vector<T> &rhs)
{
  const auto num_segments = static_cast<unsigned int>(offsets.size() - 1);

  for (std::size_t segment_id = 0; segment_id < num_segments; segment_id++)
  {
    auto lhs_begin = lhs.cbegin() + offsets[segment_id];
    auto lhs_end = lhs.cbegin() + offsets[segment_id + 1];
    auto rhs_begin = rhs.cbegin() + offsets[segment_id];

    auto err = thrust::mismatch(lhs_begin, lhs_end, rhs_begin, ComparisonPredicate{});

    if (err.first != lhs_end)
    {
      const auto idx = thrust::distance(lhs_begin, err.first);
      const auto segment_size = std::distance(lhs_begin, lhs_end);

      std::cerr << "Mismatch in segment " << segment_id
                << " at position " << idx << " / " << segment_size
                << ": "
                << static_cast<std::uint64_t>(lhs_begin[idx]) << " vs "
                << static_cast<std::uint64_t>(rhs_begin[idx]) << " ("
                << typeid(lhs_begin[idx]).name() << ")" << std::endl;

      return false;
    }
  }

  return true;
}

template <typename ValueT>
void RandomizeInput(thrust::host_vector<bool> &h_keys,
                    thrust::host_vector<ValueT> &h_values)
{
  for (std::size_t i = 0; i < h_keys.size(); i++)
  {
    h_keys[i] = RandomValue((std::numeric_limits<std::uint8_t>::max)()) > 128;
    h_values[i] = RandomValue((std::numeric_limits<ValueT>::max)());
  }
}

template <typename KeyT,
          typename ValueT>
void RandomizeInput(thrust::host_vector<KeyT> &h_keys,
                    thrust::host_vector<ValueT> &h_values)
{
  for (std::size_t i = 0; i < h_keys.size(); i++)
  {
    h_keys[i] = RandomValue((std::numeric_limits<KeyT>::max)());
    h_values[i] = RandomValue((std::numeric_limits<ValueT>::max)());
  }
}

#if TEST_HALF_T
void RandomizeInput(thrust::host_vector<half_t> &h_keys,
                    thrust::host_vector<std::uint32_t> &h_values)
{
  for (std::size_t i = 0; i < h_keys.size(); i++)
  {
    h_keys[i] = RandomValue((std::numeric_limits<int>::max)());
    h_values[i] = RandomValue((std::numeric_limits<std::uint32_t>::max)());
  }
}
#endif

#if TEST_BF_T
void RandomizeInput(thrust::host_vector<bfloat16_t> &h_keys,
                    thrust::host_vector<std::uint32_t> &h_values)
{
  for (std::size_t i = 0; i < h_keys.size(); i++)
  {
    h_keys[i] = RandomValue((std::numeric_limits<int>::max)());
    h_values[i] = RandomValue((std::numeric_limits<std::uint32_t>::max)());
  }
}
#endif



template <typename KeyT,
          typename ValueT>
void HostReferenceSort(bool sort_pairs,
                       bool sort_descending,
                       unsigned int num_segments,
                       const thrust::host_vector<int> &h_offsets,
                       thrust::host_vector<KeyT> &h_keys,
                       thrust::host_vector<ValueT> &h_values)
{
  for (unsigned int segment_i = 0;
       segment_i < num_segments;
       segment_i++)
  {
    const int segment_begin = h_offsets[segment_i];
    const int segment_end   = h_offsets[segment_i + 1];

    if (sort_pairs)
    {
      if (sort_descending)
      {
        thrust::stable_sort_by_key(h_keys.begin() + segment_begin,
                                   h_keys.begin() + segment_end,
                                   h_values.begin() + segment_begin,
                                   thrust::greater<KeyT>{});
      }
      else
      {
        thrust::stable_sort_by_key(h_keys.begin() + segment_begin,
                                   h_keys.begin() + segment_end,
                                   h_values.begin() + segment_begin);
      }
    }
    else
    {
      if (sort_descending)
      {
        thrust::stable_sort(h_keys.begin() + segment_begin,
                            h_keys.begin() + segment_end,
                            thrust::greater<KeyT>{});
      }
      else
      {
        thrust::stable_sort(h_keys.begin() + segment_begin,
                            h_keys.begin() + segment_end);
      }
    }
  }
}


#if STORE_ON_FAILURE
template <typename KeyT,
          typename ValueT>
void DumpInput(bool sort_pairs,
               bool sort_descending,
               bool sort_buffers,
               Input<KeyT, ValueT> &input,
               thrust::host_vector<KeyT> &h_keys,
               thrust::host_vector<ValueT> &h_values)
{
  const thrust::host_vector<int> &h_offsets = input.get_h_offsets();

  std::cout << "sort pairs: " << sort_pairs << "\n";
  std::cout << "sort descending: " << sort_descending << "\n";
  std::cout << "sort buffers: " << sort_buffers << "\n";
  std::cout << "num_items: " << input.get_num_items() << "\n";
  std::cout << "num_segments: " << input.get_num_segments() << "\n";
  std::cout << "key type: " << typeid(h_keys[0]).name() << "\n";
  std::cout << "value type: " << typeid(h_values[0]).name() << "\n";
  std::cout << "offset type: " << typeid(h_offsets[0]).name() << "\n";

  std::ofstream offsets_dump("offsets", std::ios::binary);
  offsets_dump.write(reinterpret_cast<const char *>(
                       thrust::raw_pointer_cast(h_offsets.data())),
                     sizeof(int) * h_offsets.size());

  std::ofstream keys_dump("keys", std::ios::binary);
  keys_dump.write(reinterpret_cast<const char *>(
                    thrust::raw_pointer_cast(h_keys.data())),
                  sizeof(KeyT) * h_keys.size());

  std::ofstream values_dump("values", std::ios::binary);
  values_dump.write(reinterpret_cast<const char *>(
                      thrust::raw_pointer_cast(h_values.data())),
                    sizeof(ValueT) * h_values.size());
}
#endif


template <typename KeyT,
          typename ValueT>
void InputTestRandom(Input<KeyT, ValueT> &input)
{
  thrust::host_vector<KeyT> h_keys_output(input.get_num_items());
  thrust::device_vector<KeyT> keys_output(input.get_num_items());

  thrust::host_vector<ValueT> h_values_output(input.get_num_items());
  thrust::device_vector<ValueT> values_output(input.get_num_items());

  KeyT *d_keys_output = thrust::raw_pointer_cast(keys_output.data());
  ValueT *d_values_output = thrust::raw_pointer_cast(values_output.data());

  thrust::host_vector<KeyT> h_keys(input.get_num_items());
  thrust::host_vector<ValueT> h_values(input.get_num_items());

  const thrust::host_vector<int> &h_offsets = input.get_h_offsets();

  for (bool stable_sort: { unstable, stable })
  {
    for (bool sort_pairs: { keys_only, pairs })
    {
      for (bool sort_descending: { ascending, descending })
      {
        for (bool sort_buffers: { pointers, double_buffer })
        {
          for (int iteration = 0; iteration < MAX_ITERATIONS; iteration++)
          {
            RandomizeInput(h_keys, h_values);

#if STORE_ON_FAILURE
            auto h_keys_backup = h_keys;
            auto h_values_backup = h_values;
#endif

            input.get_d_keys_vec()   = h_keys;
            input.get_d_values_vec() = h_values;

            cub::DoubleBuffer<KeyT> keys_buffer(input.get_d_keys(), d_keys_output);
            cub::DoubleBuffer<ValueT> values_buffer(input.get_d_values(), d_values_output);

            Sort<KeyT, ValueT>(sort_pairs,
                               sort_descending,
                               sort_buffers,
                               stable_sort,
                               input.get_d_keys(),
                               d_keys_output,
                               input.get_d_values(),
                               d_values_output,
                               input.get_num_items(),
                               input.get_num_segments(),
                               input.get_d_offsets(),
                               &keys_buffer.selector,
                               &values_buffer.selector);

            HostReferenceSort(sort_pairs,
                              sort_descending,
                              input.get_num_segments(),
                              h_offsets,
                              h_keys,
                              h_values);

            if (sort_buffers)
            {
              if (keys_buffer.selector)
              {
                h_keys_output = keys_output;
              }
              else
              {
                h_keys_output = input.get_d_keys_vec();
              }

              if (values_buffer.selector)
              {
                h_values_output = values_output;
              }
              else
              {
                h_values_output = input.get_d_values_vec();
              }
            }
            else
            {
              h_keys_output = keys_output;
              h_values_output = values_output;
            }

            const bool keys_ok =
              compare_two_outputs(h_offsets, h_keys, h_keys_output);

            const bool values_ok =
              sort_pairs
                ? compare_two_outputs(h_offsets, h_values, h_values_output)
                : true;

#if STORE_ON_FAILURE
            if (!keys_ok || !values_ok)
            {
              DumpInput<KeyT, ValueT>(sort_pairs,
                                      sort_descending,
                                      sort_buffers,
                                      input,
                                      h_keys_backup,
                                      h_values_backup);
            }
#endif

            AssertTrue(keys_ok);
            AssertTrue(values_ok);

            input.shuffle();
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

template <typename KeyT,
          typename ValueT,
          bool IsSupportedType = std::is_integral<KeyT>::value>
struct EdgeTestDispatch
{
  // Edge cases that needs to be tested
  const int empty_short_circuit_segment_size = 0;
  const int copy_short_circuit_segment_size = 1;
  const int swap_short_circuit_segment_size = 2;

  const int a_few = 2;
  const int a_bunch_of = 42;
  const int a_lot_of = 420;

  template <typename ActivePolicyT>
  CUB_RUNTIME_FUNCTION __forceinline__ cudaError_t Invoke()
  {
    NV_IF_TARGET(NV_IS_HOST,
      (using SmallAndMediumPolicyT =
         typename ActivePolicyT::SmallAndMediumSegmentedSortPolicyT;
       using LargeSegmentPolicyT = typename ActivePolicyT::LargeSegmentPolicy;

       const int small_segment_max_segment_size =
         SmallAndMediumPolicyT::SmallPolicyT::ITEMS_PER_TILE;

       const int items_per_small_segment =
         SmallAndMediumPolicyT::SmallPolicyT::ITEMS_PER_THREAD;

       const int medium_segment_max_segment_size =
         SmallAndMediumPolicyT::MediumPolicyT::ITEMS_PER_TILE;

       const int single_thread_segment_size = items_per_small_segment;

       const int large_cached_segment_max_segment_size =
         LargeSegmentPolicyT::BLOCK_THREADS *
         LargeSegmentPolicyT::ITEMS_PER_THREAD;

       for (bool sort_descending : {ascending, descending}) {
         Input<KeyT, ValueT> edge_cases =
           InputDescription<KeyT>()
             .add({a_lot_of, empty_short_circuit_segment_size})
             .add({a_lot_of, copy_short_circuit_segment_size})
             .add({a_lot_of, swap_short_circuit_segment_size})
             .add({a_lot_of, swap_short_circuit_segment_size + 1})
             .add({a_lot_of, swap_short_circuit_segment_size + 1})
             .add({a_lot_of, single_thread_segment_size - 1})
             .add({a_lot_of, single_thread_segment_size})
             .add({a_lot_of, single_thread_segment_size + 1})
             .add({a_lot_of, single_thread_segment_size * 2 - 1})
             .add({a_lot_of, single_thread_segment_size * 2})
             .add({a_lot_of, single_thread_segment_size * 2 + 1})
             .add({a_bunch_of, small_segment_max_segment_size - 1})
             .add({a_bunch_of, small_segment_max_segment_size})
             .add({a_bunch_of, small_segment_max_segment_size + 1})
             .add({a_bunch_of, medium_segment_max_segment_size - 1})
             .add({a_bunch_of, medium_segment_max_segment_size})
             .add({a_bunch_of, medium_segment_max_segment_size + 1})
             .add({a_bunch_of, large_cached_segment_max_segment_size - 1})
             .add({a_bunch_of, large_cached_segment_max_segment_size})
             .add({a_bunch_of, large_cached_segment_max_segment_size + 1})
             .add({a_few, large_cached_segment_max_segment_size * 2})
             .add({a_few, large_cached_segment_max_segment_size * 3})
             .add({a_few, large_cached_segment_max_segment_size * 5})
             .template gen<ValueT>(sort_descending);

         InputTest<KeyT, ValueT>(sort_descending, edge_cases);
       }));

    return cudaSuccess;
  }
};

template <typename KeyT,
          typename ValueT>
struct EdgeTestDispatch<KeyT, ValueT, false>
{
  template <typename ActivePolicyT>
  CUB_RUNTIME_FUNCTION __forceinline__ cudaError_t Invoke()
  {
    // Edge case test is using an optimized testing approach which is
    // incompatible with duplicates. RandomTest is used for other types.
    return cudaSuccess;
  }
};

template <typename KeyT,
          typename ValueT>
void EdgePatternsTest()
{
  int ptx_version = 0;
  if (CubDebug(PtxVersion(ptx_version)))
  {
    return;
  }

  using MaxPolicyT =
    typename cub::DeviceSegmentedSortPolicy<KeyT, ValueT>::MaxPolicy;
  using EdgeTestDispatchT = EdgeTestDispatch<KeyT, ValueT>;
  EdgeTestDispatchT dispatch;

  MaxPolicyT::Invoke(ptx_version, dispatch);

}

template <typename KeyT,
          typename ValueT>
Input<KeyT, ValueT> GenRandomInput(int max_items,
                                   int min_segments,
                                   int max_segments,
                                   bool descending)
{
  int items_generated {};
  const int segments_num = RandomValue(max_segments) + min_segments;

  thrust::host_vector<int> segment_sizes;
  segment_sizes.reserve(segments_num);

  const int max_segment_size = 6000;

  for (int segment_id = 0; segment_id < segments_num; segment_id++)
  {
    const int segment_size_raw = RandomValue(max_segment_size);
    const int segment_size     = segment_size_raw > 0 ? segment_size_raw : 0;

    if (segment_size + items_generated > max_items)
    {
      break;
    }

    items_generated += segment_size;
    segment_sizes.push_back(segment_size);
  }

  return Input<KeyT, ValueT>{descending, segment_sizes};
}

template <typename KeyT,
          typename ValueT>
void RandomTest(int min_segments,
                int max_segments)
{
  const int max_items = 10000000;

  for (int iteration = 0; iteration < MAX_ITERATIONS; iteration++)
  {
    Input<KeyT, ValueT> edge_cases = GenRandomInput<KeyT, ValueT>(max_items,
                                                                  min_segments,
                                                                  max_segments,
                                                                  descending);

    InputTestRandom(edge_cases);
  }
}


template <typename KeyT,
          typename ValueT>
void Test()
{
  for (int segment_size: { 1, 1024, 24 * 1024 })
  {
    for (int segments: { 1, 1024 })
    {
      TestSameSizeSegments<KeyT, ValueT>(segment_size, segments);
    }
  }

  RandomTest<KeyT, ValueT>(1 << 2, 1 << 8);
  RandomTest<KeyT, ValueT>(1 << 9, 1 << 19);
  EdgePatternsTest<KeyT, ValueT>();
}


#if TEST_CDP == 1
template <typename KeyT>
__global__ void LauncherKernel(
    void *tmp_storage,
    std::size_t temp_storage_bytes,
    const KeyT *in_keys,
    KeyT *out_keys,
    int num_items,
    int num_segments,
    const int *offsets)
{
  CubDebug(cub::DeviceSegmentedSort::SortKeys(tmp_storage,
                                              temp_storage_bytes,
                                              in_keys,
                                              out_keys,
                                              num_items,
                                              num_segments,
                                              offsets,
                                              offsets + 1));
}

template <typename KeyT,
          typename ValueT>
void TestDeviceSideLaunch(Input<KeyT, ValueT> &input)
{
  thrust::host_vector<KeyT> h_keys_output(input.get_num_items());
  thrust::device_vector<KeyT> keys_output(input.get_num_items());

  thrust::host_vector<ValueT> h_values_output(input.get_num_items());
  thrust::device_vector<ValueT> values_output(input.get_num_items());

  KeyT *d_keys_output = thrust::raw_pointer_cast(keys_output.data());

  thrust::host_vector<KeyT> h_keys(input.get_num_items());
  thrust::host_vector<ValueT> h_values(input.get_num_items());

  const thrust::host_vector<int> &h_offsets = input.get_h_offsets();

  for (int iteration = 0; iteration < MAX_ITERATIONS; iteration++)
  {
    RandomizeInput(h_keys, h_values);

    input.get_d_keys_vec()   = h_keys;
    input.get_d_values_vec() = h_values;

    const KeyT *d_input = input.get_d_keys();

    std::size_t temp_storage_bytes{};
    cub::DeviceSegmentedSort::SortKeys(nullptr,
                                       temp_storage_bytes,
                                       d_input,
                                       d_keys_output,
                                       input.get_num_items(),
                                       input.get_num_segments(),
                                       input.get_d_offsets(),
                                       input.get_d_offsets() + 1);

    thrust::device_vector<std::uint8_t> temp_storage(temp_storage_bytes);
    std::uint8_t *d_temp_storage = thrust::raw_pointer_cast(temp_storage.data());

    LauncherKernel<KeyT><<<1, 1>>>(
      d_temp_storage,
      temp_storage_bytes,
      d_input,
      d_keys_output,
      input.get_num_items(),
      input.get_num_segments(),
      input.get_d_offsets());
    CubDebugExit(cudaDeviceSynchronize());
    CubDebugExit(cudaPeekAtLastError());

    HostReferenceSort(false,
                      false,
                      input.get_num_segments(),
                      h_offsets,
                      h_keys,
                      h_values);

    h_keys_output = keys_output;

    const bool keys_ok =
      compare_two_outputs(h_offsets, h_keys, h_keys_output);

    AssertTrue(keys_ok);

    input.shuffle();
  }
}

template <typename KeyT>
void TestDeviceSideLaunch(int min_segments, int max_segments)
{
  const int max_items = 10000000;

  for (int iteration = 0; iteration < MAX_ITERATIONS; iteration++)
  {
    Input<KeyT, KeyT> edge_cases =
      GenRandomInput<KeyT, KeyT>(max_items,
                                 min_segments,
                                 max_segments,
                                 descending);

    TestDeviceSideLaunch(edge_cases);
  }
}

template <typename KeyT>
void TestDeviceSideLaunch()
{
  TestDeviceSideLaunch<KeyT>(1 << 2, 1 << 8);
  TestDeviceSideLaunch<KeyT>(1 << 9, 1 << 19);
}

#endif // TEST_CDP

void TestUnspecifiedRanges()
{
  const std::size_t num_items = 1024 * 1024;
  const std::size_t max_segments = 42;
  const std::size_t avg_segment_size = num_items / max_segments;

  for (int iteration = 0; iteration < MAX_ITERATIONS; iteration++)
  {
    thrust::host_vector<int> h_offsets_begin;
    thrust::host_vector<int> h_offsets_end;

    h_offsets_begin.reserve(max_segments + 1);
    h_offsets_end.reserve(max_segments + 1);

    {
      int offset = 0;

      for (std::size_t sid = 0; sid < max_segments; sid++)
      {
        const int segment_size =
          RandomValue(static_cast<int>(avg_segment_size));
        const bool segment_is_utilized = RandomValue(100) > 60;

        if (segment_is_utilized)
        {
          h_offsets_begin.push_back(offset);
          h_offsets_end.push_back(offset + segment_size);
        }

        offset += segment_size;
      }

      if (h_offsets_begin.empty())
      {
        h_offsets_begin.push_back(avg_segment_size);
        h_offsets_end.push_back(num_items);
      }
    }

    thrust::device_vector<int> keys(num_items);
    thrust::device_vector<int> values(num_items);

    thrust::sequence(keys.rbegin(), keys.rend());
    thrust::sequence(values.rbegin(), values.rend());

    thrust::device_vector<int> d_offsets_begin = h_offsets_begin;
    thrust::device_vector<int> d_offsets_end = h_offsets_end;

    thrust::device_vector<int> expected_keys = keys;
    thrust::device_vector<int> expected_values = values;

    const int num_segments = static_cast<int>(h_offsets_begin.size());

    for (int sid = 0; sid < num_segments; sid++)
    {
      const int segment_begin = h_offsets_begin[sid];
      const int segment_end = h_offsets_end[sid];

      thrust::sort_by_key(expected_keys.begin() + segment_begin,
                          expected_keys.begin() + segment_end,
                          expected_values.begin() + segment_begin);
    }

    thrust::device_vector<int> result_keys = keys;
    thrust::device_vector<int> result_values = values;

    {
      cub::DoubleBuffer<int> keys_buffer(
          thrust::raw_pointer_cast(keys.data()), 
          thrust::raw_pointer_cast(result_keys.data()));

      cub::DoubleBuffer<int> values_buffer(
          thrust::raw_pointer_cast(values.data()), 
          thrust::raw_pointer_cast(result_values.data()));

      std::size_t temp_storage_bytes{};
      std::uint8_t *d_temp_storage{};

      CubDebugExit(cub::DeviceSegmentedSort::SortPairs(
          d_temp_storage, temp_storage_bytes, 
          keys_buffer, values_buffer, 
          num_items, num_segments, 
          thrust::raw_pointer_cast(d_offsets_begin.data()),
          thrust::raw_pointer_cast(d_offsets_end.data())));

      thrust::device_vector<std::uint8_t> temp_storage(temp_storage_bytes);
      d_temp_storage = thrust::raw_pointer_cast(temp_storage.data());

      CubDebugExit(cub::DeviceSegmentedSort::SortPairs(
          d_temp_storage, temp_storage_bytes, 
          keys_buffer, values_buffer, 
          num_items, num_segments, 
          thrust::raw_pointer_cast(d_offsets_begin.data()),
          thrust::raw_pointer_cast(d_offsets_end.data())));

      for (int sid = 0; sid < num_segments; sid++)
      {
        const int segment_begin = h_offsets_begin[sid];
        const int segment_end = h_offsets_end[sid];

        if (keys_buffer.selector == 0)
        {
          thrust::copy(
              keys.begin() + segment_begin,
              keys.begin() + segment_end,
              result_keys.begin() + segment_begin);
        }
                       
        if (values_buffer.selector == 0)
        {
          thrust::copy(
              values.begin() + segment_begin,
              values.begin() + segment_end,
              result_values.begin() + segment_begin);
        }
      }
    }

    AssertEquals(result_values, expected_values);
    AssertEquals(result_keys, expected_keys);

    thrust::sequence(keys.rbegin(), keys.rend());
    thrust::sequence(values.rbegin(), values.rend());

    result_keys = keys;
    result_values = values;

    {
      std::size_t temp_storage_bytes{};
      std::uint8_t *d_temp_storage{};

      CubDebugExit(cub::DeviceSegmentedSort::SortPairs(
          d_temp_storage, temp_storage_bytes, 
          thrust::raw_pointer_cast(keys.data()), 
          thrust::raw_pointer_cast(result_keys.data()), 
          thrust::raw_pointer_cast(values.data()), 
          thrust::raw_pointer_cast(result_values.data()), 
          num_items, num_segments, 
          thrust::raw_pointer_cast(d_offsets_begin.data()),
          thrust::raw_pointer_cast(d_offsets_end.data())));

      thrust::device_vector<std::uint8_t> temp_storage(temp_storage_bytes);
      d_temp_storage = thrust::raw_pointer_cast(temp_storage.data());

      CubDebugExit(cub::DeviceSegmentedSort::SortPairs(
          d_temp_storage, temp_storage_bytes, 
          thrust::raw_pointer_cast(keys.data()), 
          thrust::raw_pointer_cast(result_keys.data()), 
          thrust::raw_pointer_cast(values.data()), 
          thrust::raw_pointer_cast(result_values.data()), 
          num_items, num_segments, 
          thrust::raw_pointer_cast(d_offsets_begin.data()),
          thrust::raw_pointer_cast(d_offsets_end.data())));
    }

    AssertEquals(result_values, expected_values);
    AssertEquals(result_keys, expected_keys);
  }
}

int main(int argc, char** argv)
{
  CommandLineArgs args(argc, argv);

  // Initialize device
  CubDebugExit(args.DeviceInit());

  // %PARAM% TEST_CDP cdp 0:1

#if TEST_CDP == 0
  TestZeroSegments();
  TestEmptySegments(1 << 2);
  TestEmptySegments(1 << 22);

#if TEST_HALF_T
  Test<half_t, std::uint32_t>();
#endif

#if TEST_BF_T
  Test<bfloat16_t, std::uint32_t>();
#endif

  Test<bool, std::uint64_t>();
  Test<std::uint8_t, std::uint64_t>();
  Test<std::int64_t, std::uint32_t>();

#elif TEST_CDP == 1
  TestDeviceSideLaunch<int>();
#endif // TEST_CDP

  TestUnspecifiedRanges();

  return 0;
}
