NAME
    busybox - I am BusyBox of Borg. Unix will be assimilated.

SYNOPSIS
     busybox <function> [arguments...]  # or

     <function> [arguments...]          # if symlinked

DESCRIPTION
    BusyBox is a multi-call binary that combines many common Unix
    utilities into a single executable. Most people will create a
    link to busybox for each function they wish to use, and BusyBox
    will act like whatever it was invoked as. For example,

            ln -s ./busybox ls
            ./ls

    will cause BusyBox to behave as 'ls' (if the 'ls' command has
    been compiled into busybox). You can also invoke BusyBox by
    providing it the command to run on the command line. For
    example,

            ./busybox ls

    will also cause BusyBox to behave as 'ls'.

    BusyBox has been written with size-optimization in mind. It is
    very easy to include or exclude the commands (or features) you
    want installed. BusyBox tries to make itself useful to small
    systems with limited resources.

COMMON OPTIONS
    Most BusyBox commands support the --help option to provide a
    terse runtime description of their behavior.

COMMANDS
    Currently defined functions include:

    basename, cat, chgrp, chmod, chown, chroot, clear, chvt, cp,
    date, dd, df, dirname, dmesg, du, dutmp, echo, false, fbset,
    fdflush, find, free, freeramdisk, deallocvt, fsck.minix, grep,
    gunzip, gzip, halt, head, hostid, hostname, init, kill, killall,
    length, ln, loadacm, loadfont, loadkmap, logger, logname, ls,
    lsmod, makedevs, math, mkdir, mkfifo, mkfs.minix, mknod, mkswap,
    mnc, more, mount, mt, mv, nslookup, ping, poweroff, printf, ps,
    pwd, reboot, rm, rmdir, rmmod, sed, sh, sfdisk, sleep, sort,
    sync, syslogd, swapon, swapoff, tail, tar, test, tee, touch, tr,
    true, tty, umount, uname, uniq, update, uptime, usleep, wc,
    whoami, yes, zcat, [

    basename
        Usage: basename [file ...]

        Strips directory and suffix from filenames.

        Example:

                $ basename /usr/local/bin/foo
                foo
                $ basename /usr/local/bin/
                bin

        -------------------------------

    cat Usage: cat [file ...]

        Concatenates files and prints them to the standard output.

        Example:

                $ cat /proc/uptime
                110716.72 17.67

        -------------------------------

    chgrp
        Usage: chgrp [OPTION]... GROUP FILE...

        Change the group membership of each FILE to GROUP.

        Options:

                -R      change files and directories recursively

        Example:

                $ ls -l /tmp/foo
                -r--r--r--    1 andersen andersen        0 Apr 12 18:25 /tmp/foo
                $ chgrp root /tmp/foo
                $ ls -l /tmp/foo
                -r--r--r--    1 andersen root            0 Apr 12 18:25 /tmp/foo

        -------------------------------

    chmod
        Usage: chmod [-R] MODE[,MODE]... FILE...

        Changes file access permissions for the specified file(s) or
        directory(s). Each MODE is defined by combining the letters
        for WHO has access to the file, an OPERATOR for selecting
        how the permissions should be changed, and a PERISSION for
        the file(s) or directory(s).

        WHO may be chosen from:

                u       the User who owns the file
                g       users in the file's Group
                o       Other users not in the file's group
                a       All users

        OPERATOR may be chosen from:

                +       add a permission
                -       remove a permission
                =       assign a permission
         
        PERMISSION may be chosen from:

                r       Read    
                w       Write
                x       eXecute (or access for directories)
                s       Set user (or group) ID bit
                t       sTickey bit (for directories prevents removing files by non-owners)

        Alternately, permissions may be set numerically where the
        first three numbers are calculated by adding the octal
        values:

                4       Read
                2       Write
                1       eXecute

        An optional fourth digit may also be used to specify

                4       Set user ID
                2       Set group ID
                1       sTickey bit

        Options:

                -R      change files and directories recursively.
         
        Example:

                $ ls -l /tmp/foo
                -rw-rw-r--    1 root     root            0 Apr 12 18:25 /tmp/foo
                $ chmod u+x /tmp/foo
                $ ls -l /tmp/foo
                -rwxrw-r--    1 root     root            0 Apr 12 18:25 /tmp/foo*
                $ chmod 444 /tmp/foo
                $ ls -l /tmp/foo
                -r--r--r--    1 root     root            0 Apr 12 18:25 /tmp/foo

        -------------------------------

    chown
        Usage: chown [OPTION]... OWNER[.[GROUP] FILE...

        Changes the owner and/or group of each FILE to OWNER and/or
        GROUP.

        Options:

                -R      change files and directories recursively

        Example:

                $ ls -l /tmp/foo
                -r--r--r--    1 andersen andersen        0 Apr 12 18:25 /tmp/foo
                $ chown root /tmp/foo
                $ ls -l /tmp/foo
                -r--r--r--    1 root     andersen        0 Apr 12 18:25 /tmp/foo
                $ chown root.root /tmp/foo
                ls -l /tmp/foo
                -r--r--r--    1 root     root            0 Apr 12 18:25 /tmp/foo

        -------------------------------

    chroot
        Usage: chroot NEWROOT [COMMAND...]

        Run COMMAND with root directory set to NEWROOT. Example:

                $ ls -l /bin/ls
                lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root          12 Apr 13 00:46 /bin/ls -> /busybox
                $ mount /dev/hdc1 /mnt -t minix
                $ chroot /mnt
                $ ls -l /bin/ls
                -rwxr-xr-x    1 root     root        40816 Feb  5 07:45 /bin/ls*

        -------------------------------

    clear
        Clears the screen.

        -------------------------------

    chvt
        Usage: chvt N

        Change foreground virtual terminal to /dev/ttyN

        -------------------------------

    cp  Usage: cp [OPTION]... SOURCE DEST

           or: cp [OPTION]... SOURCE... DIRECTORY

        Copy SOURCE to DEST, or multiple SOURCE(s) to DIRECTORY.

                -a      same as -dpR
                -d      preserve links
                -p      preserve file attributes if possable
                -R      copy directories recursively

        -------------------------------

    date
        Usage: date [OPTION]... [+FORMAT]

          or:  date [OPTION] [MMDDhhmm[[CC]YY][.ss]]

        Display the current time in the given FORMAT, or set the
        system date.

        Options:

                -R              output RFC-822 compliant date string
                -s              set time described by STRING
                -u              print or set Coordinated Universal Time

        Example:

                $ date
                Wed Apr 12 18:52:41 MDT 2000

        -------------------------------

    dd  Usage: dd [if=name] [of=name] [bs=n] [count=n] [skip=n] [seek=n]

        Copy a file, converting and formatting according to options

                if=FILE read from FILE instead of stdin
                of=FILE write to FILE instead of stdout
                bs=n    read and write n bytes at a time
                count=n copy only n input blocks
                skip=n  skip n input blocks
                seek=n  skip n output blocks

        Numbers may be suffixed by w (x2), k (x1024), b (x512), or M
        (x1024^2) Example:

                $ dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/ram1 bs=1M count=4
                4+0 records in
                4+0 records out

        -------------------------------

    df  Usage: df [filesystem ...]

        Prints the filesystem space used and space available.

        Example:

                $ df
                Filesystem           1k-blocks      Used Available Use% Mounted on
                /dev/sda3              8690864   8553540    137324  98% /
                /dev/sda1                64216     36364     27852  57% /boot
                $ df /dev/sda3
                Filesystem           1k-blocks      Used Available Use% Mounted on
                /dev/sda3              8690864   8553540    137324  98% /

        -------------------------------

    dirname
        Usage: dirname NAME

        Strip non-directory suffix from file name

        Example:

                $ dirname /tmp/foo
                /tmp
                $ dirname /tmp/foo/
                /tmp

        -------------------------------

    dmesg
        Usage: dmesg [-c] [-n level] [-s bufsize] Print or controls
        the kernel ring buffer.

        -------------------------------

    du  Usage: du [OPTION]... [FILE]...

        Summarize disk space used for each FILE and/or directory.
        Disk space is printed in units of 1k (i.e. 1024 bytes).

        Options:

                -l      count sizes many times if hard linked
                -s      display only a total for each argument

        Example:

                $ ./busybox du
                16      ./CVS
                12      ./kernel-patches/CVS
                80      ./kernel-patches
                12      ./tests/CVS
                36      ./tests
                12      ./scripts/CVS
                16      ./scripts
                12      ./docs/CVS
                104     ./docs
                2417    .
                 
        -------------------------------

    dutmp
        Usage: dutmp [FILE]

        Dump utmp file format (pipe delimited) from FILE or stdin to
        stdout.

        Example:

                $ dutmp /var/run/utmp
                8|7||si|||0|0|0|955637625|760097|0
                2|0|~|~~|reboot||0|0|0|955637625|782235|0
                1|20020|~|~~|runlevel||0|0|0|955637625|800089|0
                8|125||l4|||0|0|0|955637629|998367|0
                6|245|tty1|1|LOGIN||0|0|0|955637630|998974|0
                6|246|tty2|2|LOGIN||0|0|0|955637630|999498|0
                7|336|pts/0|vt00andersen|andersen|:0.0|0|0|0|955637763|0|0
                 
        -------------------------------

    echo
        Usage: echo [-neE] [ARG ...]

        Prints the specified ARGs to stdout

        Options:

                -n      suppress trailing newline
                -e      interpret backslash-escaped characters (i.e. \t=tab etc)
                -E      disable interpretation of backslash-escaped characters

        Example:

                $ echo "Erik is cool"
                Erik is cool
                $  echo -e "Erik\nis\ncool"
                Erik
                is
                cool
                $ echo "Erik\nis\ncool"
                Erik\nis\ncool
                 
        -------------------------------

    false
        Returns an exit code of FALSE (1)

        Example:

                $ false
                $ echo $?
                1

        -------------------------------

    fbset
        Usage: fbset [options] [mode]

        Show and modify frame buffer device settings

        Options:

                -h
                -fb
                -db
                -a
                -i
                -g
                -t
                -accel
                -hsync
                -vsync
                -laced
                -double

        Example:

                $ fbset
                mode "1024x768-76"
                                # D: 78.653 MHz, H: 59.949 kHz, V: 75.694 Hz
                                geometry 1024 768 1024 768 16
                                timings 12714 128 32 16 4 128 4
                                accel false
                                rgba 5/11,6/5,5/0,0/0
                endmode

        -------------------------------

    fdflush
        Usage: fdflush device

        Force floppy disk drive to detect disk change

        -------------------------------

    find
        Usage: find [PATH...] [EXPRESSION]

        Search for files in a directory hierarchy. The default PATH
        is the current directory; default EXPRESSION is '-print'

        EXPRESSION may consist of:

                -follow                 Dereference symbolic links.
                -name PATTERN   File name (leading directories removed) matches PATTERN.
                -print                  print the full file name followed by a newline to stdout.

        Example:

                $ find / -name /etc/passwd
                /etc/passwd

        -------------------------------

    free
        Usage: free

        Displays the amount of free and used memory in the system.

        Example:

                $ free
                                          total         used         free       shared      buffers
                  Mem:       257628       248724         8904        59644        93124
                 Swap:       128516         8404       120112
                Total:       386144       257128       129016

        -------------------------------

    freeramdisk
        Usage: freeramdisk DEVICE

        Free all memory used by the specified ramdisk.

        Example:

                $ freeramdisk /dev/ram2

        -------------------------------

    deallocvt
        Usage: deallocvt N

        Deallocates unused virtual terminal /dev/ttyN

        -------------------------------

    fsck.minix
        Usage: fsck.minix [-larvsmf] /dev/name

        Performs a consistency check for MINIX filesystems.

        OPTIONS:

                -l      Lists all filenames
                -r      Perform interactive repairs
                -a      Perform automatic repairs
                -v      verbose
                -s      Outputs super-block information
                -m      Activates MINIX-like "mode not cleared" warnings
                -f      Force file system check.

        -------------------------------

    grep
        Usage: grep [OPTIONS]... PATTERN [FILE]...

        Search for PATTERN in each FILE or standard input.

        OPTIONS:

                -h      suppress the prefixing filename on output
                -i      ignore case distinctions
                -n      print line number with output lines
                -q      be quiet. Returns 0 if result was found, 1 otherwise

        This version of grep matches full regular expresions.

        Example:

                $ grep root /etc/passwd
                root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
                $ grep ^[rR]oo. /etc/passwd
                root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash

        -------------------------------

    gunzip
        Usage: gunzip [OPTION]... FILE

        Uncompress FILE (or standard input if FILE is '-').

        Options:

                -c      Write output to standard output
                -t      Test compressed file integrity

        Example:

                $ ls -la /tmp/busybox*
                -rw-rw-r--    1 andersen andersen   557009 Apr 11 10:55 /tmp/busybox-0.43.tar.gz
                $ gunzip /tmp/busybox-0.43.tar.gz
                $ ls -la /tmp/busybox*
                -rw-rw-r--    1 andersen andersen  1761280 Apr 14 17:47 /tmp/busybox-0.43.tar

        -------------------------------

    gzip
        Usage: gzip [OPTION]... FILE

        Compress FILE with maximum compression. When FILE is '-',
        reads standard input. Implies -c.

        Options:

                -c      Write output to standard output instead of FILE.gz

        Example:

                $ ls -la /tmp/busybox*
                -rw-rw-r--    1 andersen andersen  1761280 Apr 14 17:47 /tmp/busybox-0.43.tar
                $ gzip /tmp/busybox-0.43.tar
                $ ls -la /tmp/busybox*
                -rw-rw-r--    1 andersen andersen   554058 Apr 14 17:49 /tmp/busybox-0.43.tar.gz

        -------------------------------

    halt
        Usage: halt

        This comand halts the system.

        -------------------------------

    head
        Usage: head [OPTION] [FILE]...

        Print first 10 lines of each FILE to standard output. With
        more than one FILE, precede each with a header giving the
        file name. With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard
        input.

        Options:

                -n NUM          Print first NUM lines instead of first 10

        Example:

                $ head -n 2 /etc/passwd
                root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
                daemon:x:1:1:daemon:/usr/sbin:/bin/sh

        -------------------------------

    hostid
        Usage: hostid

        Prints out a unique 32-bit identifier for the current
        machine. The 32-bit identifier is intended to be unique
        among all UNIX systems in existence.

        -------------------------------

    hostname
        Usage: hostname [OPTION] {hostname | -F file}

        Get or set the hostname or DNS domain name. If a hostname is
        given (or a file with the -F parameter), the host name will
        be set.

        Options:

                -s              Short
                -i              Addresses for the hostname
                -d              DNS domain name
                -F FILE         Use the contents of FILE to specify the hostname

        Example:

                $ hostname
                slag 

        -------------------------------

    init
        Usage: init

        Init is the parent of all processes.

        This version of init is designed to be run only by the
        kernel.

        BusyBox init doesn't support multiple runlevels. The
        runlevels field of the /etc/inittab file is completely
        ignored by BusyBox init. If you want runlevels, use
        sysvinit.

        BusyBox init works just fine without an inittab. If no
        inittab is found, it has the following default behavior:

                ::sysinit:/etc/init.d/rcS
                ::askfirst:/bin/sh

        if it detects that /dev/console is _not_ a serial console,
        it will also run:

                tty2::askfirst:/bin/sh

        If you choose to use an /etc/inittab file, the inittab entry
        format is as follows:

                <id>:<runlevels>:<action>:<process>

                <id>: 

                        WARNING: This field has a non-traditional meaning for BusyBox init!
                        The id field is used by BusyBox init to specify the controlling tty for
                        the specified process to run on.  The contents of this field are
                        appended to "/dev/" and used as-is.  There is no need for this field to
                        be unique, although if it isn't you may have strange results.  If this
                        field is left blank, it is completely ignored.  Also note that if
                        BusyBox detects that a serial console is in use, then all entries
                        containing non-empty id fields will _not_ be run.  BusyBox init does
                        nothing with utmp.  We don't need no stinkin' utmp.

                <runlevels>: 

                        The runlevels field is completely ignored.

                <action>: 

                        Valid actions include: sysinit, respawn, askfirst, wait, 
                        once, and ctrlaltdel.

                        askfirst acts just like respawn, but before running the specified
                        process it displays the line "Please press Enter to activate this
                        console." and then waits for the user to press enter before starting
                        the specified process.

                        Unrecognised actions (like initdefault) will cause init to emit
                        an error message, and then go along with its business.

                <process>: 

                        Specifies the process to be executed and it's command line.

        Example /etc/inittab file:

                # This is run first except when booting in single-user mode.
                #
                ::sysinit:/etc/init.d/rcS

                # /bin/sh invocations on selected ttys
                #
                # Start an "askfirst" shell on the console (whatever that may be)
                ::askfirst:/bin/sh
                # Start an "askfirst" shell on /dev/tty2
                tty2::askfirst:/bin/sh

                # /sbin/getty invocations for selected ttys
                #
                tty4::respawn:/sbin/getty 38400 tty4
                tty5::respawn:/sbin/getty 38400 tty5

                # Example of how to put a getty on a serial line (for a terminal)
                #
                #ttyS0::respawn:/sbin/getty -L ttyS0 9600 vt100
                #ttyS1::respawn:/sbin/getty -L ttyS1 9600 vt100
                #
                # Example how to put a getty on a modem line.
                #ttyS2::respawn:/sbin/getty -x0 -s 57600 ttyS2

                # Stuff to do before rebooting
                ::ctrlaltdel:/bin/umount -a -r > /dev/null 2>&1
                ::ctrlaltdel:/sbin/swapoff -a > /dev/null 2>&1

        -------------------------------

    kill
        Usage: kill [-signal] process-id [process-id ...]

        Send a signal (default is SIGTERM) to the specified
        process(es).

        Options:

                -l      List all signal names and numbers.

        Example:

                $ ps | grep apache
                252 root     root     S [apache]
                263 www-data www-data S [apache]
                264 www-data www-data S [apache]
                265 www-data www-data S [apache]
                266 www-data www-data S [apache]
                267 www-data www-data S [apache]
                $ kill 252

        -------------------------------

    killall
        Usage: killall [-signal] process-name [process-name ...]

        Send a signal (default is SIGTERM) to the specified
        process(es).

        Options:

                -l      List all signal names and numbers.

        Example:

                $ killall apache

        -------------------------------

    length
        Usage: length string

        Prints out the length of the specified string.

        Example: $ length "Hello" 5

        -------------------------------

    ln  Usage: ln [OPTION] TARGET... LINK_NAME|DIRECTORY Create a link
        named LINK_NAME or DIRECTORY to the specified TARGET
        Options:

                -s      make symbolic links instead of hard links
                -f      remove existing destination files
         
        Example:

            $ ln -s busybox /tmp/ls
            [andersen@debian busybox]$ ls -l /tmp/ls
            lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root            7 Apr 12 18:39 ls -> busybox*

        -------------------------------

    loadacm
        Usage: loadacm

        Loads an acm from standard input.

        Example:

                $ loadacm < /etc/i18n/acmname

        -------------------------------

    loadfont
        Usage: loadfont

        Loads a console font from standard input.

        Example:

                $ loadfont < /etc/i18n/fontname

        -------------------------------

    loadkmap
        Usage: loadkmap

        Loads a binary keyboard translation table from standard
        input.

        Example:

                $ loadkmap < /etc/i18n/lang-keymap

        -------------------------------

    logger
        Usage: logger [OPTION]... [MESSAGE]

        Write MESSAGE to the system log. If MESSAGE is '-', log
        stdin.

        Options:

                -s      Log to stderr as well as the system log.
                -t      Log using the specified tag (defaults to user name).
                -p      Enter the message with the specified priority.
                        This may be numerical or a ``facility.level'' pair.

        Example:

                        $ logger "hello"

        -------------------------------

    logname
        Usage: logname

        Print the name of the current user.

        Example:

                $ logname
                root

        -------------------------------

    ls  Usage: ls [-1acdelnpuxACF] [filenames...]

        Options:

                -a      do not hide entries starting with .
                -c      with  -l:  show ctime (the time of last
                        modification of file status information)
                -d      list directory entries instead of contents
                -e      list both full date and full time
                -l      use a long listing format
                -n      list numeric UIDs and GIDs instead of names
                -p      append indicator (one of /=@|) to entries
                -u      with -l: show access time (the time of last
                        access of the file)
                -x      list entries by lines instead of by columns
                -A      do not list implied . and ..
                -C      list entries by columns
                -F      append indicator (one of */=@|) to entries

        -------------------------------

    lsmod
        Usage: lsmod

        Shows a list of all currently loaded kernel modules.

        -------------------------------

    makedevs
        Usage: makedevs NAME TYPE MAJOR MINOR FIRST LAST [s]

        Creates a range of block or character special files

        TYPEs include:

                b:      Make a block (buffered) device.
                c or u: Make a character (un-buffered) device.
                p:      Make a named pipe. MAJOR and MINOR are ignored for named pipes.

        FIRST specifies the number appended to NAME to create the
        first device. LAST specifies the number of the last item
        that should be created. If 's' is the last argument, the
        base device is created as well.

        Example:

                $ makedevs /dev/ttyS c 4 66 2 63
                [creates ttyS2-ttyS63]
                $ makedevs /dev/hda b 3 0 0 8 s
                [creates hda,hda1-hda8]

        -------------------------------

    math
        Usage: math expression ...

        This is a Tiny RPN calculator that understands the following
        operations: +, -, /, *, and, or, not, eor.

        Example:

                $ math 2 2 add
                4
                $ math 8 8 \* 2 2 + /
                16
                $ math 0 1 and
                0
                $ math 0 1 or
                1

        -------------------------------

    mkdir
        Usage: mkdir [OPTION] DIRECTORY...

        Create the DIRECTORY(ies), if they do not already exist

        Options:

                -m      set permission mode (as in chmod), not rwxrwxrwx - umask
                -p      no error if dir exists, make parent directories as needed

        Example:

                $ mkdir /tmp/foo
                $ mkdir /tmp/foo
                /tmp/foo: File exists
                $ mkdir /tmp/foo/bar/baz
                /tmp/foo/bar/baz: No such file or directory
                $ mkdir -p /tmp/foo/bar/baz

        -------------------------------

    mkfifo
        Usage: mkfifo [OPTIONS] name

        Creates a named pipe (identical to 'mknod name p')

        Options:

                -m      create the pipe using the specified mode (default a=rw)

        -------------------------------

    mkfs.minix
        Usage: mkfs.minix [-c | -l filename] [-nXX] [-iXX] /dev/name
        [blocks]

        Make a MINIX filesystem.

        OPTIONS:

                -c              Check the device for bad blocks
                -n [14|30]      Specify the maximum length of filenames
                -i              Specify the number of inodes for the filesystem
                -l FILENAME     Read the bad blocks list from FILENAME
                -v              Make a Minix version 2 filesystem

        -------------------------------

    mknod
        Usage: mknod [OPTIONS] NAME TYPE MAJOR MINOR

        Create a special file (block, character, or pipe).

        Options:

                -m      create the special file using the specified mode (default a=rw)

        TYPEs include: b: Make a block (buffered) device. c or u:
        Make a character (un-buffered) device. p: Make a named pipe.
        MAJOR and MINOR are ignored for named pipes.

        Example:

                $ mknod /dev/fd0 b 2 0 
                $ mknod -m 644 /tmp/pipe p

        -------------------------------

    mkswap
        Usage: mkswap [-c] [-v0|-v1] device [block-count]

        Prepare a disk partition to be used as a swap partition.

        Options:

                -c              Check for read-ability.
                -v0             Make version 0 swap [max 128 Megs].
                -v1             Make version 1 swap [big!] (default for kernels > 2.1.117).
                block-count     Number of block to use (default is entire partition).

        -------------------------------

    mnc Usage: mnc [IP] [port]

        mini-netcat opens a pipe to IP:port

        Example:

                $ mnc foobar.somedomain.com 25
                220 foobar ESMTP Exim 3.12 #1 Sat, 15 Apr 2000 00:03:02 -0600
                help
                214-Commands supported:
                214-    HELO EHLO MAIL RCPT DATA AUTH
                214     NOOP QUIT RSET HELP
                quit
                221 foobar closing connection
         
        -------------------------------

    more
        Usage: more [file ...]

        More is a filter for paging through text one screenful at a
        time.

        Example:

                $ dmesg | more

        -------------------------------

    mount
        Usage: mount [flags] mount [flags] device directory [-o
        options,more-options]

        Flags:

                -a:     Mount all file systems in fstab.
                -o option:      One of many filesystem options, listed below.
                -r:     Mount the filesystem read-only.
                -t filesystem-type:     Specify the filesystem type.
                -w:     Mount for reading and writing (default).

        Options for use with the "-o" flag:

                async / sync:   Writes are asynchronous / synchronous.
                dev / nodev:    Allow use of special device files / disallow them.
                exec / noexec:  Allow use of executable files / disallow them.
                loop: Mounts a file via loop device.
                suid / nosuid:  Allow set-user-id-root programs / disallow them.
                remount: Re-mount a currently-mounted filesystem, changing its flags.
                ro / rw: Mount for read-only / read-write.
                There are EVEN MORE flags that are specific to each filesystem.
                You'll have to see the written documentation for those.

        Example:

                $ mount
                /dev/hda3 on / type minix (rw)
                proc on /proc type proc (rw)
                devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw)
                $ mount /dev/fd0 /mnt -t msdos -o ro
                $ mount /tmp/diskimage /opt -t ext2 -o loop

        -------------------------------

    mt  Usage: mt [-f device] opcode value

        Control magnetic tape drive operation

        -------------------------------

    mv  Usage: mv SOURCE DEST

           or: mv SOURCE... DIRECTORY

        Rename SOURCE to DEST, or move SOURCE(s) to DIRECTORY.

        Example:

                $ mv /tmp/foo /bin/bar

        -------------------------------

    nslookup
        Usage: nslookup [HOST]

        Queries the nameserver for the IP address of the given HOST

        Example:

                $ nslookup localhost
                Server:     default
                Address:    default

                Name:       debian
                Address:    127.0.0.1

        -------------------------------

    ping
        Usage: ping [OPTION]... host

        Send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST packets to network hosts.

        Options:

                -c COUNT        Send only COUNT pings.
                -q              Quiet mode, only displays output at start
                                and when finished.
        Example:

                $ ping localhost
                PING slag (127.0.0.1): 56 data bytes
                64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_seq=0 ttl=255 time=20.1 ms

                --- debian ping statistics ---
                1 packets transmitted, 1 packets received, 0% packet loss
                round-trip min/avg/max = 20.1/20.1/20.1 ms

        -------------------------------

    poweroff
        Shuts down the system, and requests that the kernel turn off
        power upon halting.

        -------------------------------

    printf
        Usage: printf format [argument...]

        Formats and prints the given data in a manner similar to the
        C printf command.

        Example:

                $ printf "Val=%d\n" 5
                Val=5

        -------------------------------

    ps  Usage: ps

        Report process status

        This version of ps accepts no options.

        Example:

                $ ps
          PID  Uid      Gid State Command
            1 root     root     S init
            2 root     root     S [kflushd]
            3 root     root     S [kupdate]
            4 root     root     S [kpiod]
            5 root     root     S [kswapd]
          742 andersen andersen S [bash]
          743 andersen andersen S -bash
          745 root     root     S [getty]
         2990 andersen andersen R ps

        -------------------------------

    pwd Prints the full filename of the current working directory.

        Example:

                $ pwd
                /root

        -------------------------------

    reboot
        Instructs the kernel to reboot the system.

        -------------------------------

    rm  Usage: rm [OPTION]... FILE...

        Remove (unlink) the FILE(s).

        Options:

                -f              remove existing destinations, never prompt
                -r or -R        remove the contents of directories recursively

        Example:

                $ rm -rf /tmp/foo

        -------------------------------

    rmdir
        Usage: rmdir [OPTION]... DIRECTORY...

        Remove the DIRECTORY(ies), if they are empty.

        Example:

                # rmdir /tmp/foo

        -------------------------------

    rmmod
        Usage: rmmod [OPTION]... [MODULE]...

        Unloads the specified kernel modules from the kernel.

        Options:

                -a      Try to remove all unused kernel modules.

        Example:

                $ rmmod tulip

        -------------------------------

    sed Usage: sed [-n] -e script [file...]

        Allowed sed scripts come in the following form:

                'ADDR [!] COMMAND'

                where address ADDR can be:
                  NUMBER    Match specified line number
                  $         Match last line
                  /REGEXP/  Match specified regexp
                  (! inverts the meaning of the match)

                and COMMAND can be:
                  s/regexp/replacement/[igp]
                         which attempt to match regexp against the pattern space
                         and if successful replaces the matched portion with replacement.

                  aTEXT
                         which appends TEXT after the pattern space

        Options:

                -e      add the script to the commands to be executed
                -n      suppress automatic printing of pattern space

        This version of sed matches full regular expresions.

        Example:

                $ echo "foo" | sed -e 's/f[a-zA-Z]o/bar/g'
                bar

        -------------------------------

    sh  Usage: sh

        lash -- the BusyBox LAme SHell (command interpreter)

        This command does not yet have proper documentation.

        Use lash just as you would use any other shell. It properly
        handles pipes, redirects, job control, can be used as the
        shell for scripts (#!/bin/sh), and has a sufficient set of
        builtins to do what is needed. It does not (yet) support
        Bourne Shell syntax. If you need things like "if-then-else",
        "while", and such, use ash or bash. If you just need a very
        simple and extremely small shell, this will do the job.

        -------------------------------

    sfdisk
        Usage: sfdisk [options] device ...

        device: something like /dev/hda or /dev/sda

        useful options:

            -s [or --show-size]: list size of a partition
            -c [or --id]:        print or change partition Id
            -l [or --list]:      list partitions of each device
            -d [or --dump]:      idem, but in a format suitable for later input
            -i [or --increment]: number cylinders etc. from 1 instead of from 0
            -uS, -uB, -uC, -uM:  accept/report in units of sectors/blocks/cylinders/MB
            -T [or --list-types]:list the known partition types
            -D [or --DOS]:       for DOS-compatibility: waste a little space
            -R [or --re-read]:   make kernel reread partition table
            -N# :                change only the partition with number #
            -n :                 do not actually write to disk
            -O file :            save the sectors that will be overwritten to file
            -I file :            restore these sectors again
            -v [or --version]:   print version
            -? [or --help]:      print this message

        dangerous options:

            -g [or --show-geometry]: print the kernel's idea of the geometry
            -x [or --show-extended]: also list extended partitions on output

                                     or expect descriptors for them on input
            -L  [or --Linux]:      do not complain about things irrelevant for Linux
            -q  [or --quiet]:      suppress warning messages
            You can override the detected geometry using:
            -C# [or --cylinders #]:set the number of cylinders to use
            -H# [or --heads #]:    set the number of heads to use
            -S# [or --sectors #]:  set the number of sectors to use

        You can disable all consistency checking with:

            -f  [or --force]:      do what I say, even if it is stupid

        -------------------------------

    sleep
        Usage: sleep N

        Pause for N seconds.

        Example:

                $ sleep 2
                [2 second delay results]

        -------------------------------

    sort
        Usage: sort [-n] [-r] [FILE]...

        Sorts lines of text in the specified files

        Example:

                $ echo -e "e\nf\nb\nd\nc\na" | sort
                a
                b
                c
                d
                e
                f

        -------------------------------

    sync
        Usage: sync

        Write all buffered filesystem blocks to disk.

        -------------------------------

    syslogd
        Usage: syslogd [OPTION]...

        Linux system and kernel (provides klogd) logging utility.
        Note that this version of syslogd/klogd ignores
        /etc/syslog.conf.

        Options:

                -m      Change the mark timestamp interval. default=20min. 0=off
                -n      Do not fork into the background (for when run by init)
                -K      Do not start up the klogd process (by default syslogd spawns klogd).
                -O      Specify an alternate log file.  default=/var/log/messages

        -------------------------------

    swapon
        Usage: swapon [OPTION] [device]

        Start swapping virtual memory pages on the given device.

        Options:

                -a      Start swapping on all swap devices

        -------------------------------

    swapoff
        Usage: swapoff [OPTION] [device]

        Stop swapping virtual memory pages on the given device.

        Options:

                -a      Stop swapping on all swap devices

        -------------------------------

    tail
        Usage: tail [OPTION] [FILE]...

        Print last 10 lines of each FILE to standard output. With
        more than one FILE, precede each with a header giving the
        file name. With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard
        input.

        Options:

                -n NUM          Print last NUM lines instead of first 10
                -f              Output data as the file grows.  This version
                                of 'tail -f' supports only one file at a time.

        Example:

                $ tail -n 1 /etc/resolv.conf
                nameserver 10.0.0.1

        -------------------------------

    tar Usage: tar -[cxtvO] [--exclude File] [-f tarFile] [FILE] ...

        Create, extract, or list files from a tar file. Note that
        this version of tar treats hard links as separate files.

        Main operation mode:

                c               create
                x               extract
                t               list

        File selection:

                f               name of tarfile or "-" for stdin
                O               extract to stdout
                --exclude       file to exclude

        Informative output:

                v               verbosely list files processed

        Example:

                $ zcat /tmp/tarball.tar.gz | tar -xf -
                $ tar -cf /tmp/tarball.tar /usr/local

        -------------------------------

    test, [
        Usage: test EXPRESSION or [ EXPRESSION ]

        Checks file types and compares values returning an exit code
        determined by the value of EXPRESSION.

        Example:

                $ test 1 -eq 2
                $ echo $?
                1
                $ test 1 -eq 1
                $ echo $?
                0
                $ [ -d /etc ]
                $ echo $?
                0
                $ [ -d /junk ]
                $ echo $?
                1

        -------------------------------

    tee Usage: tee [OPTION]... [FILE]...

        Copy standard input to each FILE, and also to standard
        output.

        Options:

                -a      append to the given FILEs, do not overwrite

        Example:

                $ echo "Hello" | tee /tmp/foo
                $ cat /tmp/foo
                Hello

        -------------------------------

    touch
        Usage: touch [-c] file [file ...]

        Update the last-modified date on (or create) the selected
        file[s].

        Example:

                $ ls -l /tmp/foo
                /bin/ls: /tmp/foo: No such file or directory
                $ touch /tmp/foo
                $ ls -l /tmp/foo
                -rw-rw-r--    1 andersen andersen        0 Apr 15 01:11 /tmp/foo

        -------------------------------

    tr  Usage: tr [-cdsu] string1 [string2]

        Translate, squeeze, and/or delete characters from standard
        input, writing to standard output.

        Example:

                $ echo "gdkkn vnqkc" | tr [a-y] [b-z]
                hello world

        -------------------------------

    true
        Returns an exit code of TRUE (0)

        Example:

                $ true
                $ echo $?
                0

        -------------------------------

    tty Usage: tty

        Print the file name of the terminal connected to standard
        input.

        Options:

                -s      print nothing, only return an exit status

        Example:

                $ tty
                /dev/tty2

        -------------------------------

    umount
        Usage: umount [flags] filesystem|directory

        Flags:

                -a:     Unmount all file systems
                -r:     Try to remount devices as read-only if mount is busy
                -f:     Do not free loop device (if a loop device has been used)

        Example:

                $ umount /dev/hdc1 

        -------------------------------

    uname
        Usage: uname [OPTION]...

        Print certain system information. With no OPTION, same as -
        s.

        Options:

                -a      print all information
                -m      the machine (hardware) type
                -n      print the machine's network node hostname
                -r      print the operating system release
                -s      print the operating system name
                -p      print the host processor type
                -v      print the operating system version

        Example:

                $ uname -a
                Linux debian 2.2.15pre13 #5 Tue Mar 14 16:03:50 MST 2000 i686 unknown

        -------------------------------

    uniq
        Usage: uniq [OPTION]... [INPUT [OUTPUT]]

        Discard all but one of successive identical lines from INPUT
        (or standard input), writing to OUTPUT (or standard output).

        Example:

                $ echo -e "a\na\nb\nc\nc\na" | sort | uniq
                a
                b
                c

        -------------------------------

    update
        Usage: update [options]

        Periodically flushes filesystem buffers.

        Options:

                -S      force use of sync(2) instead of flushing
                -s SECS call sync this often (default 30)
                -f SECS flush some buffers this often (default 5)

        -------------------------------

    uptime
        Usage: uptime

        Tells how long the system has been running since boot.

        Example:

                $ uptime
                  1:55pm  up  2:30, load average: 0.09, 0.04, 0.00

        -------------------------------

    usleep
        Usage: usleep N

        Pauses for N microseconds.

        Example:

                $ usleep 1000000
                [pauses for 1 second]

        -------------------------------

    wc  Usage: wc [OPTION]... [FILE]...

        Print line, word, and byte counts for each FILE, and a total
        line if more than one FILE is specified. With no FILE, read
        standard input.

        Options:

                -c      print the byte counts
                -l      print the newline counts
                -L      print the length of the longest line
                -w      print the word counts

        Example:

                $ wc /etc/passwd
                     31      46    1365 /etc/passwd

        -------------------------------

    whoami
        Usage: whoami

        Prints the user name associated with the current effective
        user id.

        Example:

                $ whoami
                andersen

        -------------------------------

    yes Usage: yes [OPTION]... [STRING]...

        Repeatedly outputs a line with all specified STRING(s), or
        `y'.

        -------------------------------

    zcat
        This is essentially an alias for invoking "gunzip -c", where
        it decompresses the file inquestion and send the output to
        stdout.

        -------------------------------

SEE ALSO
    textutils(1), shellutils(1), etc...

MAINTAINER
    Erik Andersen <andersee@debian.org> <andersen@lineo.com>

AUTHORS
    The following people have contributed code to BusyBox whether
    they know it or not.

    Erik Andersen <andersee@debian.org>

    John Beppu <beppu@lineo.com>

    Brian Candler <B.Candler@pobox.com>

    Randolph Chung <tausq@debian.org>

    Dave Cinege <dcinege@psychosis.com>

    Karl M. Hegbloom <karlheg@debian.org>

    John Lombardo <john@deltanet.com>

    Bruce Perens <bruce@perens.com>

    Linus Torvalds <torvalds@transmeta.com>

    Charles P. Wright <cpwright@villagenet.com>

    Enrique Zanardi <ezanardi@ull.es>

