## DESCRIPTION

r.topmodel simulates TOPMODEL which is a physically based hydrologic model.

Note: (i) means input; (o) means output; (o/i) means input or output

The -i flag indicates that input data are given for (o/i). Without this flag, all inputs (i) and intermediate outputs (o/i) should be given. For example, [belevation] map will be created from [elevation] and [basin] in every run. However, given the same [elevation] and [basin], [belevation] output will be the same all the time, so r.topmodel can directly take [belevation] as an input with this flag to save time.

### Selected Parameters:

depressionless map is created as follows:

      r.fill.dir input=elevation elev=depressionless dir=direction type=grass

  This option can be omitted if [elevation] map is already depressionless.

belevation map is created from [elevation] with [basin] mask applied:

      r.mapcalc "belevation = if(basin == 0 || isnull(basin), null(), elevation)"

topidx map is created as follows:

      r.topidx input=elevation output=topidx

Qobs
  Compare simulated flows with observed flows and calculate model efficiency.

## REFERENCES

K. Beven, R. Lamb, P. Quinn, R. Romanowicz, and J. Freer. TOPMODEL, in V.P. Singh (Ed.). Computer Models of Watershed Hydrology. Water Resources Publications, 1995.

S.C. Liaw, Streamflow simulation using a physically based hydrologic model in humid forested watersheds (Dissertation). Colorado State University, CO. p163, 1988.

## SEE ALSO

r.fill.dir, r.mapcalc, r.topidx
How to run r.topmodel

## AUTHORS

Main algorithm sources are rewritten in C based on TMOD9502.FOR.
Thanks to Keith Beven.

GRASS port by Huidae Cho
Hydro Laboratory, Kyungpook National University, South Korea

Last changed: $Date: 2011-11-08 01:42:51 -0800 (Tue, 08 Nov 2011) $