///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Copyright (c) 2001, Eric D. Friedman All Rights Reserved.
//
// This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
// modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
// License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
// version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
//
// This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
// GNU General Public License for more details.
//
// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
// License along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
// Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307, USA.
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

package gnu.trove;

import java.util.Arrays;
import java.io.ObjectOutput;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.ObjectInput;


/**
 * An open addressed hashing implementation for Object types.
 *
 * Created: Sun Nov  4 08:56:06 2001
 *
 * @author Eric D. Friedman
 * @version $Id: TObjectHash.java,v 1.27 2009/06/01 22:14:44 robeden Exp $
 */
abstract public class TObjectHash<T> extends THash
    implements TObjectHashingStrategy<T> {

    static final long serialVersionUID = -3461112548087185871L;


    /** the set of Objects */
    protected transient Object[] _set;

    /** the strategy used to hash objects in this collection. */
    protected TObjectHashingStrategy<T> _hashingStrategy;

    protected static final Object REMOVED = new Object(), FREE = new Object();

    /**
     * Creates a new <code>TObjectHash</code> instance with the
     * default capacity and load factor.
     */
    public TObjectHash() {
        super();
        this._hashingStrategy = this;
    }

    /**
     * Creates a new <code>TObjectHash</code> instance with the
     * default capacity and load factor and a custom hashing strategy.
     *
     * @param strategy used to compute hash codes and to compare objects.
     */
    public TObjectHash(TObjectHashingStrategy<T> strategy) {
        super();
        this._hashingStrategy = strategy;
    }

    /**
     * Creates a new <code>TObjectHash</code> instance whose capacity
     * is the next highest prime above <tt>initialCapacity + 1</tt>
     * unless that value is already prime.
     *
     * @param initialCapacity an <code>int</code> value
     */
    public TObjectHash(int initialCapacity) {
        super(initialCapacity);
        this._hashingStrategy = this;
    }

    /**
     * Creates a new <code>TObjectHash</code> instance whose capacity
     * is the next highest prime above <tt>initialCapacity + 1</tt>
     * unless that value is already prime.  Uses the specified custom
     * hashing strategy.
     *
     * @param initialCapacity an <code>int</code> value
     * @param strategy used to compute hash codes and to compare objects.
     */
    public TObjectHash(int initialCapacity, TObjectHashingStrategy<T> strategy) {
        super(initialCapacity);
        this._hashingStrategy = strategy;
    }

    /**
     * Creates a new <code>TObjectHash</code> instance with a prime
     * value at or near the specified capacity and load factor.
     *
     * @param initialCapacity used to find a prime capacity for the table.
     * @param loadFactor used to calculate the threshold over which
     * rehashing takes place.
     */
    public TObjectHash(int initialCapacity, float loadFactor) {
        super(initialCapacity, loadFactor);
        this._hashingStrategy = this;
    }

    /**
     * Creates a new <code>TObjectHash</code> instance with a prime
     * value at or near the specified capacity and load factor.  Uses
     * the specified custom hashing strategy.
     *
     * @param initialCapacity used to find a prime capacity for the table.
     * @param loadFactor used to calculate the threshold over which
     * rehashing takes place.
     * @param strategy used to compute hash codes and to compare objects.
     */
    public TObjectHash(int initialCapacity, float loadFactor, TObjectHashingStrategy<T> strategy) {
        super(initialCapacity, loadFactor);
        this._hashingStrategy = strategy;
    }

    /**
     * @return a shallow clone of this collection
     */
    public TObjectHash<T> clone() {
        TObjectHash<T> h = (TObjectHash<T>)super.clone();
        h._set = (Object[])this._set.clone();
        return h;
    }

    protected int capacity() {
        return _set.length;
    }

    protected void removeAt(int index) {
        _set[index] = REMOVED;
        super.removeAt(index);
    }

    /**
     * initializes the Object set of this hash table.
     *
     * @param initialCapacity an <code>int</code> value
     * @return an <code>int</code> value
     */
    protected int setUp(int initialCapacity) {
        int capacity;

        capacity = super.setUp(initialCapacity);
        _set = new Object[capacity];
        Arrays.fill(_set,FREE);
        return capacity;
    }

    /**
     * Executes <tt>procedure</tt> for each element in the set.
     *
     * @param procedure a <code>TObjectProcedure</code> value
     * @return false if the loop over the set terminated because
     * the procedure returned false for some value.
     */
    public boolean forEach(TObjectProcedure<T> procedure) {
        Object[] set = _set;
        for (int i = set.length; i-- > 0;) {
            if (set[i] != FREE
                && set[i] != REMOVED
                && ! procedure.execute((T) set[i])) {
                return false;
            }
        }
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * Searches the set for <tt>obj</tt>
     *
     * @param obj an <code>Object</code> value
     * @return a <code>boolean</code> value
     */
    public boolean contains(Object obj) {
        return index((T) obj) >= 0;
    }

    /**
     * Locates the index of <tt>obj</tt>.
     *
     * @param obj an <code>Object</code> value
     * @return the index of <tt>obj</tt> or -1 if it isn't in the set.
     */
    protected int index(T obj) {
        final TObjectHashingStrategy<T> hashing_strategy = _hashingStrategy;

        final Object[] set = _set;
        final int length = set.length;
        final int hash = hashing_strategy.computeHashCode(obj) & 0x7fffffff;
        int index = hash % length;
        Object cur = set[index];

        if ( cur == FREE ) return -1;

        // NOTE: here it has to be REMOVED or FULL (some user-given value)
        if ( cur == REMOVED || ! hashing_strategy.equals((T) cur, obj)) {
            // see Knuth, p. 529
            final int probe = 1 + (hash % (length - 2));

            do {
                index -= probe;
                if (index < 0) {
                    index += length;
                }
                cur = set[index];
            } while (cur != FREE
                 && (cur == REMOVED || ! _hashingStrategy.equals((T) cur, obj)));
        }

        return cur == FREE ? -1 : index;
    }

    /**
     * Locates the index at which <tt>obj</tt> can be inserted.  if
     * there is already a value equal()ing <tt>obj</tt> in the set,
     * returns that value's index as <tt>-index - 1</tt>.
     *
     * @param obj an <code>Object</code> value
     * @return the index of a FREE slot at which obj can be inserted
     * or, if obj is already stored in the hash, the negative value of
     * that index, minus 1: -index -1.
     */
    protected int insertionIndex(T obj) {
        final TObjectHashingStrategy<T> hashing_strategy = _hashingStrategy;

        final Object[] set = _set;
        final int length = set.length;
        final int hash = hashing_strategy.computeHashCode(obj) & 0x7fffffff;
        int index = hash % length;
        Object cur = set[index];

        if (cur == FREE) {
            return index;       // empty, all done
        } else if (cur != REMOVED && hashing_strategy.equals((T) cur, obj)) {
            return -index -1;   // already stored
        } else {                // already FULL or REMOVED, must probe
            // compute the double hash
            final int probe = 1 + (hash % (length - 2));

            // if the slot we landed on is FULL (but not removed), probe
            // until we find an empty slot, a REMOVED slot, or an element
            // equal to the one we are trying to insert.
            // finding an empty slot means that the value is not present
            // and that we should use that slot as the insertion point;
            // finding a REMOVED slot means that we need to keep searching,
            // however we want to remember the offset of that REMOVED slot
            // so we can reuse it in case a "new" insertion (i.e. not an update)
            // is possible.
            // finding a matching value means that we've found that our desired
            // key is already in the table
            if (cur != REMOVED) {
                // starting at the natural offset, probe until we find an
                // offset that isn't full.
                do {
                    index -= probe;
                    if (index < 0) {
                        index += length;
                    }
                    cur = set[index];
                } while (cur != FREE
                         && cur != REMOVED
                         && ! hashing_strategy.equals((T) cur, obj));
            }

            // if the index we found was removed: continue probing until we
            // locate a free location or an element which equal()s the
            // one we have.
            if (cur == REMOVED) {
                int firstRemoved = index;
                while (cur != FREE
                       && (cur == REMOVED || ! hashing_strategy.equals((T) cur, obj))) {
                    index -= probe;
                    if (index < 0) {
                        index += length;
                    }
                    cur = set[index];
                }
                // NOTE: cur cannot == REMOVED in this block
                return (cur != FREE) ? -index -1 : firstRemoved;
            }
            // if it's full, the key is already stored
            // NOTE: cur cannot equal REMOVE here (would have retuned already (see above)
            return (cur != FREE) ? -index -1 : index;
        }
    }

    /**
     * This is the default implementation of TObjectHashingStrategy:
     * it delegates hashing to the Object's hashCode method.
     *
     * @param o for which the hashcode is to be computed
     * @return the hashCode
     * @see Object#hashCode()
     */
    public final int computeHashCode(T o) {
        return o == null ? 0 : o.hashCode();
    }

    /**
     * This is the default implementation of TObjectHashingStrategy:
     * it delegates equality comparisons to the first parameter's
     * equals() method.
     *
     * @param o1 an <code>Object</code> value
     * @param o2 an <code>Object</code> value
     * @return true if the objects are equal
     * @see Object#equals(Object)
     */
    public final boolean equals(T o1, T o2) {
        return o1 == null ? o2 == null : o1.equals(o2);
    }

    /**
     * Convenience methods for subclasses to use in throwing exceptions about
     * badly behaved user objects employed as keys.  We have to throw an
     * IllegalArgumentException with a rather verbose message telling the
     * user that they need to fix their object implementation to conform
     * to the general contract for java.lang.Object.
     *
     * @param o1 the first of the equal elements with unequal hash codes.
     * @param o2 the second of the equal elements with unequal hash codes.
     * @exception IllegalArgumentException the whole point of this method.
     */
    protected final void throwObjectContractViolation(Object o1, Object o2)
        throws IllegalArgumentException {
        throw new IllegalArgumentException("Equal objects must have equal hashcodes. "
                                           + "During rehashing, Trove discovered that "
                                           + "the following two objects claim to be "
                                           + "equal (as in java.lang.Object.equals()) "
                                           + "but their hashCodes (or those calculated by "
                                           + "your TObjectHashingStrategy) are not equal."
                                           + "This violates the general contract of "
                                           + "java.lang.Object.hashCode().  See bullet point two "
                                           + "in that method's documentation. "
                                           + "object #1 =" + o1
                                           + "; object #2 =" + o2);
    }


    @Override
    public void writeExternal( ObjectOutput out ) throws IOException {
        super.writeExternal( out );

        // VERSION
        out.writeByte( 0 );

        // HASHING STRATEGY
        if ( _hashingStrategy == this ) out.writeObject( null );
        else out.writeObject( _hashingStrategy );
    }

    @Override
    public void readExternal( ObjectInput in )
        throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException {

        super.readExternal( in );

        // VERSION
        in.readByte();

        // HASHING STRATEGY
        //noinspection unchecked
        _hashingStrategy = ( TObjectHashingStrategy<T> ) in.readObject();
        if ( _hashingStrategy == null ) _hashingStrategy = this;
    }
} // TObjectHash
