ձ
άٿƣɵİٿȫ
ضJapan
\u25bc
ձ
ձˤۤ󤳤ˤäݤ󤳤
ͨƣձ
	
ձ	ձ
裺֮



ȻʵʹϽ

37.78ƽ60
ˮʣ0.8%
׶	

ڵ	
	
ߵ	ʿɽ
	ú
ʱ	UTC+9

˿
Ѷ2011
˿ڣ1.2792ˣ10
˿ܶȣ337.1/km236
ٷ	
ٷ	
	塢塢Ŭ塢塢
Ҫڽ	ձ
	ձ
·ͨз	ʻ
õԴ
ѹ100 V
AB
Ļ
ܷ	ձܷ
ҽṹʽ	һ
	ơ
ϵ	Ӣϵ

Ԫףʣ
ڸ󳼣Ұ
ԣڸ󳼣Ұ
Ҫ䣨Ȩ
ڸ󳼣Ұ
ᣩβ\u8fbbã·Т
˾߲鲩
ʵ
ֵƽۣ
Ѷ2011
ܼƣ4.309Ԫ[1]2
˾33805Ԫ[1]24
ֵʻʣ
Ѷ2011
ܼƣ5.4732Ԫ[1]2
˾42,786Ԫ[1]22
෢չָ
Ѷ2011
0.90112λ
	ձ
ҵλ	ԲJPY

ʷ
ڣ211
¼գ211գ
	ʡӣջ
Ҵ	JPN
д	.jp
ʵ绰	81
۾	23900021
˾ҵһ
ձձձˤۤ󤳤ˤäݤ󤳤 Nihonkoku, Nipponkoku?ձλ޶һɱݡĹĸ󵺺ǧСɡձ䴫˵ձ춹Ԫǰ660211[2]ձʵ˼ǡĵطСձһжּдõǡˤäݤ󡹣Nippon͡ˤۤ󡹣Nihon[3]ձشйĺϣʹֳΪ孡򡸶󡹡
ձڶ󾭼壬ͬʱҲڹڹȥձʵʩƣĿǰΪƹҡڶս䲼ձܷձ߹\u7bc4涨ձΪһ˾ȨķιҡձĹΪ塢ȨȨءƽ壬ԾΪձ硣ձ˿ڳ1.2ڣ˿10׶ܱߵعɵ׶Ȧס3ǧϵ˿ڣĶȦ
Ŀ¼  [] 
1 ʷ
2 
2.1 
2.2 Ȼ
2.3 ڹ
3 
3.1 Ҫ
4 ˿
4.1 
4.2 ڽ
5 
6 ⽻ϵ
7 
8 
8.1 ſ
8.2 Ƽ
8.3 ҵ
8.4 
8.5 ͨ
9 Ļ
9.1 ѧ
9.2 
9.3 
9.4 
10 
10.1 
10.2 
10.3 ý
11 
11.1 ʳ
11.2 
12 б
13 ο
14 
15 ⲿ
15.1 ٷ
15.2 ý
15.3 ۹
15.4 
[༭]ʷ

Ŀձʷ
ձУ̫մĺڹԪǰ660꽨ձλΪʡյĿѧ֤ŴձڶĲԼԶǨںݱɵġԼڹԪǰһ꿪ʼձʯʱڣΪʱԪǰһԪǰ3ͣʱԪǰ3Ԫ3ͣ
ʱʱڣйͳ˵룬ͭ˳ɿˮձΪһũҵ[4][5]
Ԫ3ͺڵ4ͳձѾͳһȨ\u2014Ȩʱڣձ͸һֱ޴½Ļ587꣬ϵͷĿӴﲿݣ592갵ɱ˳ʡŮƹΪۣʥ̫ձʱʥ\u5fb3̫ƶ˹λʮף䲼ܷʮͼһΪĵĹҡʥ\u5fb3̫ӹϳȨ645꣬дֻӺг㰵ɱ¹ȨдֻӵТʼλƶ󻯸µȸĸЧйƳƶȣͼһƵĹҡ710꣬ԪǨƽǾձʱƹҲ졣ձİͼʱҲţ˶طֵϾݡ


޽ƽʱƽԺ
ʱڣֶɳڡ794꣬Ǩƽڵľ˺1192\u938cĻڼΪƽʱ϶ʱڵġ׫¼¼˾סھڵ1182壬СΪ163ϣټáΪ104ϣ߾Ϊ41ϣޡΪ9ϣǡΪ9ϣ˵ʱձ½ʮƵһʱڣŵطׯ԰Ĳǿͳ͢ң˽ײ㼴νձʿȨġ
ƽʱĩڣԶΪΧԴϺΪ\u7bc4ΧƽӴʿ1159꣬ƽ֮ңԴʵܴڶӵǿʵսƵԡڵԴƽսƽϱϳ1185̳֮֮սг׸[6]
1192꣬ʿԴΪĴ󽫾Ļʼձ600Ļʱչ˾ͳΡԴӵұʵԺȨת鱱֮֡о֮Һ󣬱ϵĺִȨδȫʢ1232꣨Ԫ̩꣩ʱƶ䡶ɰʽĿ[7]ʽĿ÷ڲȫ1274꣨ʮһ꣩1281꣨밲꣩ԪնδܳɹսܻҾӰ죬޷ͿԪٱ˵ƶƶȵĽ塣ʵһã˺ͷʿķСطʿũװ嵽зĻĻʢת˥ʳ˻֮Ԫ֮䡣ĻٵõʿӦ13335깥\u938c֣\u938cĻ
մȨԺ󣬲ûʿײϳΪʿĴ1336깥ݾͳеĳԺͳʼλͳĺʰѳձҵӵҰɽУԼͳǳ˾ͼҰϳĳ͢ھĻϱս˽60꣬1392ŸĻӵıʵõԪ׵ĵλ[8]


ʱձǱ·ǣ
ĻĩڷӦ֮ңձȺ۸ݵսʱ1573꣬֯ųǵʱǿĻڵضŵڹĻձʷ밲ɽʱ1582꣬֯ųڱ֮Уҳǹųس㼪̳ͳһձս1586꣬㼪ܴշ᳼ϲ̫ذ׵Ĺְ1590ȫͳһձ㼪ذһְӷ᳼ΣԳ̫أϮķʽʾ᳼Ȩȶ㼪ƴ󲿷ֵĴ1592귢ֳս15987£㼪ڷǹվʼʰ뵺
1600꣬ڹضطĴ´ҿȡ˹ԭ֮սʤ[9]ϻþϵơ1603꣬ҿΪĴ󽫾Ļ1615꣬´ҿڴ֮ȫ˷᳼ϵʵձͳһĻҲΪձʵϵͳߡĻʵձصķ⽨ƣĻƣΪʿũĸ׼ࡢ˵ȼ񣬻Ͻ׼ܵ,źھĻĸ߶ȷչ,ײ˥ͻҲӾ硣


ġڴÿձĹ
1543꣬һƯӵձһνӴŷˡʱձֵսţ˽ǹձռҲʱձȻ̻뷢óвĻͳΡ1641ĻѺ̹ǨƵĳߡڼձֻйóס߷200꣬ͬʱѧҲձѿձͨ˾ѧϰ֪ʶֱ1854׼ݡ콢ʻֺֽأÿձĹ[10]½ӴձܵԼ̨ʱȱϯ൱̶ϵĻĩ걩ƵĻҡҡ׹ķĦݡǰΪά־ʿ£һȫԵĵĻ˶
1867ĩ´Ļ´ϲΪ׵1867꿪ʼά¶ձ˴ĶĸڵطϷϷأ1889䲼ˡձ۹ܷνܷ1890˵һε۹ᡣͬʱձҲڽжš1879꣬ձ沢1895峯սȡʤ̨޶Ԫ1905նսлʤȡ˱γ50ϵĿҳ̫1910뺫ǩպϲԼʹʰ뵺Ϊձһ[11]
20ͳձ۹γɡһսǿձľʵձݵġʱڡ19239£ձض[12]13ˣձش19274ձ̨еľȼʧܣȫԽΣ1930꣬羭˥ˣձδ⡣ڼڸʧܵľزΣš1931꣬ձ±䣬й޹1936226շ˶¼[13]󣬾εĸԤһǿ19377£ձ۹лսսձϽƣռйദĹֻйһ1213գվռϾչϾɱ֮ܺйٴ300000ϡ
1941վ͵Ϯλĵۣ̫ƽսձʽӢͺսͬʱʼǼޡ;ս̫ƽսת㡣սڣձܵ˾ܼըɥ빤ҵʩ١194586պ9գֱڹ㵺кͳͶöԭӵ88գձս815գԣ͸̨㲥Ͷ92գձӡ飬ڶս֮սʽ[14]


㵺ԭԲ
սܵ1952ڼ䣬ձʵʱ˾ռ죬˾˾GHQͳ[15]ʵвƷߣ¢ʱдģ顣1950꣬溫սġ跱١ձýٷչڡ
19561218գձϹ[16]1964꣬ɹٰ˻᣻ͬձ˾ú뷢չ֯ʽȽ֮С1973꣬ԴΣձɸٳɳת밲ɳ׶ΣɳٶȽеǰСձڹϵӰҲվսձִΪν55ơֱ1993ųֶݻ졣
1990ڣձĭñ볤ڲ׶ΡһʱʧҵծӴ󣬼ϰķ̷һϵпֲ벻21ͳձ͸гڳСθյа[17]ǺȫںХ͸־ͷָԴҵ׷ױ޴[18]̨ơʧ20꡹
[༭]



ձͼ
Ŀձ
ձŷǴ½Զ̫ƽĵ4״ȺձеǧеȺ[19]-СԭȺɡбݡݼĹĴ󵺵ռ˹99.37%ձͨ黮춶ǻ򶫱ǵ\u7bc4룬˹볯񹲺͹޴½л񹲺͹(й½)л̨ɱ͹ձ6852ɣԼ37.8ƽԼ70%Ϊɽأɭָʸߣȴʺũռձ11.1[20][21]Ҳձ˿ڶ༯غձ˿ܶ30λ[22]ձϱܳ3800ޡ˹ӡ


ʿɽ
ձеյʹɷΪձ붫ձΪв㴨Թߡձеŷǰ顢ɱ顢̫ƽͱްĽأͬʱձеڻ̫ƽɽɽ֮ϡձΪ𡢻ɽȪĹҡձߵɽ婤3,776׵ĸʿɽһɽͳƣȫϹģ6ϵĵУɶձ[23]ձһĵͷŵĵռȫͷ10%[24]
ձСɽ˺ձ鳤Ȳϴ䲻˵ṩõˮ绷ձĺӴǷԴڳҰأ\u6f5fעձŨ[25]ܳ367ĺӴҲձڶĺӴձĺλ̺صú[26]670.33ƽ
[༭]


ȴļůͼΪˮɵĺ̲
ձܺڳ׳Ӱ죬ԣһļ²ܴձ´Ϊձĵ򶫱úܳϱԽγԼ20ȣȫصȻкܴĲͬɷΪֱǣ
򣺱÷Ӱ죬ձطΪ١ļˬ䡣
ձ\u7bc4ΧΪݵǸѹƣ硣ͬʱůڶͨձˮкѩļˮ٣ʱٷ쳣¡
ߵ򣺵͵½򡣶ļҹ֮²ܴ󡣽١
̫ƽ򣺰˱ݶĹ;ݴ󲿷ֵļܶϼӰ죬÷ǿ\u98b1ࡣѩ١
ںʽ򣺰ɽطĹݾֲ죬٣ʱ֮ܺࡣ
\u7bc4ΧΪȺȴļȶůļ\u98b1紵Ϯ
ձϽˮ϶ĵҪԭձĽѩ67£Ϊ56£಻ϵ÷ꣻԼļ＾½ӽձ\u98b1硣ձмص¶ȼ¼40.9ȣ2007816\u57fcܹк᪸ضμв[27]мص¶ȼ¼-41ȣ1902125ڱв[28]
[༭]Ȼ


Ȫձ⨺
ձϱļΪձǵ滷ⲿֵĿҲԽϵ͡뵺γ˶Ե̬ϵͳرСԭȺȺԹžͽ˱ձӹ̬ϵͳСԭȺСļ˹֮ơ
¹ŷȽȣձԻĶԲ߽ձٴģձĴ󹫺ĹңڹĶԲ߷ȡĶӦƣä㡣
ڸ߶ȾóɳԺʳı仯ũƷ⣬ձũˮҵ˺ܴ仯ũ˹ֵ\u9592ãҵԴٵ⡣1970ɭĳήձɭָһֱ֮£2002꣬ձɭ2,512[29]
̬ϵͳ棬ʱԺֵĽ룬̬ϵͳҲڷ仯\u9e6eձǵձԳ½ձ⨺ҰĳûĻӰ졣
[༭]ڹ
ձһЩܱڹ캣׵⣬л񹲺͹Ķ⣻л񹲺͹л֮е̨Ȩ⣨ձΪĿǰʵձƣ˹֮ǧȺȨ⣨ձΪĵĿǰʵɶ˹ƣϺжձΪ񵺣ȨˣĿǰϺʵʿơ
[༭]

Ŀձ


ձͼ
ձһλΪأȫΪ11243ء˿ڽ϶࣬ڵӰϴ󣬶ָΪָСкССµΪ壬⻹п֧رλݵġ磬ձͨΪ˴򣬰ططضطвطܵطйطĹط;ݼط
ձʵϲߣĿ١Ϊ˻ͶȨ춼طȨڼַϳأʵеƵıҪԣձۣ1968꣬ձʡ˵طƶȣĿǰȫձĶԼıšصıISO 3166-2:JPǺϡȫձ47ĶƼͼ
[༭]Ҫ


ʺ
ձ׶ǶҲĶȦ23˿2011Լ890ˣȫ˿Լ1320ˣԶΪģδء\u57fcءǧҶص׶\u570f˿Լ3670ϡձĻʾӡáڸ߲ʡפմʹݡҵıձС֤ȯ˾ٻ̵ꡢ缰̨ڶĿǰڶرںͶܱǽءѾγڶัģӵȫģܶĽȦ
23ΪһеĻձ12˿ڳһг˴֮⣬Ƕڵأϸ±


÷


ݳ
			˿	˿ܶ
ÿƽ
1			ضط	8,742,995	14061
2		δ  	ضط	3,680,503	8414.8
3		渮	ܵط	2,641,893	11902.5
4		֪	вط	2,259,762	6922.2
5			ط	1,906,129	1700.2
6			ܵط	1,530,068	2768.2
7			ܵط	1,469,350	1770.0
8			ݼط	1,445,628	4244.3
9		δ	ضط	1,385,003	9710.0
10	\u57fc	\u57fc	ضط	1,183,762	5450.3
11	㵺	㵺	йط	1,176,502	1230.0
12	̨		ط	1,028,196	1300.8
[༭]˿

Ŀձ˿


ɬȽͷ˳


ձ˿ܶ
ʡͳƾֹ[30]ݣ2005101ֹձ˿Ϊ127316815ˣȫеʮձǵһ\u2014ɵĹҡȻ19ĩձ۹żĿǰҲˣԼ200ˣŬ壨Լ3ˣճˣԼ30ˣձˣԼ10ˣȡձ⻹200˺Ϸסձ60뺫ˣ50й˵ȡ
ձ˿ܶԼΪ343/ƽ̫ƽذϲΪܼձĹطط˿100ϵĴСҪжغƽԭ10%ձ90%ձˡȫ80%˿ھס춳л26%ϵ˿ھס׶Ȧ49%ϵ˿ڼڶ渮δأ˿ܶΪ5,748/ƽڶȺ׶Ȧ˿ڴﵽ3ǧ670ϣΪĶ֮һڶĵشҲ˵ؼ۰⡣ũ壬뿪ǰУʹЩĹ軯仯ͻ
ձ˵˾λǰУ2006˾Ԥ81.25[31]ձĸ仯ӻأ˿𽥼[32]սӤ˿ڿʼݣձٱ˿ڼӡͶɱߺ͸ϵصΣ2004꣬ձдԼ19.5%˿䳬65ꡣͬʱ˵ĽӺ飬Ҳкܶ˲Ҫӡձ˿Ԥ2050꽫½1ˣ2100꽫½4800[33]ձܾģƻ
[༭]
Ŀձ
ձܵڽйӰ졣ڰڵձУ󲿷˶ͨ⣬нŲ100ʹõİŬＰҪȺʹõеĹԽɽֵ񶫾һײķΪġͨѧУҲӢΪձ˵ӢˮƽߣҪڷ档
[༭]ڽ
Ŀձڽ
ձձҪڽ̡ڴձϲûضڽڽʽѾձ˵Ϊһ壬ձչڽ̣ĳ磬ΪȻΪ
ڡձ͡У552괫ձ[34]7ͳʥ̫˽¡£ƹ㲢ռ̡˿̣ձǷͽʵϻϡ
1549꣬̽ձ17ͳͽԼ75ˡȻ´Ļʵнߣֱ19ͺڣǿձó⽻ĺڴ¼Ժ󣬴̻ٴʢձձʽϴĻڽ̽ͽ˿ڵ1%
[༭]

Ŀձκձ



ձΪܹܷȨ񡱣ΪձŽ硱[35]ͬ϶ƶһձֻԪ壬ʵȨ


ձ
ձеձܷ194753ɵʱռձ󣬾ձ飬ʰеġձܷҪԭȨ񡢻Ȩغͺƽ塣ձԭĶԸˣϣΪСձʵȨƣȨԺƹ᣻˾Ȩ顸ԺȨڸ󡢵ط弰ʡ
ܷ涨ȨΪᡣձʵԺƶȣԺ480ϯԺ242ϯѡΪ20ϵĹ[36]ԺԱΪ꣬ʵϾ;ɢڵԺԱΪ6꣬ÿ3ѡһ롣1955ԭƱغͬ񵳣һֱִֻ19931996ڼΪҰ1996ٶִ2009꣨λ̫Ժѡ٣񵳴ܣʤĿǰձִ͹µڸҰ壻ҪҰ񵳡񵳵ȡ
[༭]⽻ϵ

Ŀձ⽻


2010625յ36˹Իϣձֱ˹ͳ÷Τܷ
ʹϵձΪ[37]ձ󶫱̫ͨƽŻսʱŵǰߵձضо»ءձ޵Ҫ¾ݵ㣬Ķ⽻һӰΪڶ󾭼ϵձŲ̆ȡ֮ȵĽɫձ1956ۼƵ16İǳ¹ձͬ¹ӡĹϹύĸﰲȫ»Ὠ飬а밲᳣¹ձͬʱǰ˴ҵ֯APECԱǹжЭʮ̳ĲĳЩ⣬粶[38]żձΪ֯󣬸ڽ֮һİ޷СģĦ[39]ձϵгԵ춶Զսʷ缰вȵ֪ͬձڹرл񹲺͹ϺĹϵԽšѧӢ㲥˾ȫ˽е飬ձǸӡĹ֮һ[40]
[༭]

Ŀձ


ձӵͻֱĸ
1945ձսܺ˾˰ɪƶձܷеĵھ涨ձսֶͨνˣάֺƽͶֹװͻνϹΪʵƽܷ[41]1950곯սʼΪ˶ԿӪձָ𽥿ʼװɾ첿ӷչһ֧ʮ˵ľװձ[42]2003꣬ձӱǲ˲άжǶսձӵһαפ[43]2004ķԤΪ48,764ԲռԤ5.94%[44]
š÷޸ģ200719ΪʡΪձһλΪʡձΪӵָӹ١Ȼ󳼽Ӵ˸ձȫĹδҪپڸ󣬼ԺصķԤ㰸⣬ԭΪ񡹵ĹʽԮЭϹάԼݡܱ̬ĺ֧ԮˣཫΪ񡹣ԸķʽԺͨ[45]74վü򷢱ձͶԭӵ֮١۶ְСذٺӽη󳼣ΪձʷŮڸԱ[46]
ձ20093ﺣǲˡ͡ꡱ𽢴7ɳڶ潢ӣ𽢡͡ꡱ[47]1013գɳ𽢡߲͡ɵĵӣڶӡձֱ20095º10³ﺣǲP3CѲ߻ӣΪԤ[48]
[༭]

Ŀձ
[༭]ſ


־
ձø߶ȷӵкܸߵˮ׼2011ȫGDPΪ5,974,297Ԫ 15,924,184Ԫ й7,426,090Ԫ 3λ˾ֵGDP per capitaԼ42786ԪǰУȫԣˮƽߵĹ֮һ1968꿪ʼ2010꣬ձһֱ2󾭼壨ֱ2011űйԽ
ձ2060ʼ˳30ĸ߶Ϊձս󾭼漣en:Japanese post-war economic miracle1960ڸñƻóƽ10%Ŀǰձӵеľ֪Ŀҵһʱڣ1970ȻʯΣƽ5%1980Ϊƽ4%[49]1990ʼձ춲Ҫ1980ĩĹͶɵʲͣԼ֤ȯزгġĭűȹԲֵ£ĭ߽⡣ĸﾭõŬҲûͼӰĳЧ20022ձľһֱ󣬴սľڼ¼ҵʷҵ
[༭]Ƽ


＼йҵĻASIMO
ձĿѧзλڶرӦÿѧеҽѧձȫн700000ĿԱÿĿоѴ1300Ԫ߾ȫڶ[50]ձڵӡֻͨѶеҵˡѧѧ뵼ͽȡȫһϵĹҵ˶ձ죨742,500402,200[51]
[༭]ҵ
ʱֹҵҵǿͶ߿ƼķչԼϵ͵ľԤռGDP1%ձøٷչΪĿƼǿձľص̡Ӧ̺;̵ĽܽϡǿҵˡܵŶӺ깦ơƵ[52]ձҵΪıѾʼַЩƶ[53]
ձķҵرҵҵҵҵԼҵҵռGDPռأҴ쵼λ׶ȫһк;ģһĽڡ˺ͷġ֤ȯ꽻ȫŦԼ֤ȯ2006궫֤ȯֵ549.7Ԫڶλ[54]


֤ȯ
ԶδսձҵõѸٷչӲҵҵձĵӲҵ͸߿Ƽ̰ᡢ¡ܡա֥ȹ˾ϷNintendoҲձϷΪ¡ƷΪ׻ֹͣάޣNDSWiiȣҵչŷ˺л񹲺͹ҵ棬ձ˾Խ͵¹ȫзղԴ̣гȫձӵʲӴʴУUFJڼšڼźסѽڼڽռоصĵλ
ձֻ15%ǿɸأũҵ߶ȵĲ뱣˵֮⣬ձ50%ũƷڡձǺңҵռȫ15%йڶձԴ߶ڣʯͶǽڡ
[༭]


28ɫ˹ĲƷڣÿɫдһƷ
ձҪĳڶ22.8%14.3%л񹲺͹7.8%л6.8%ۣ5.6%2006꣩ҪĳڲƷӲƷӻеƷձȻԴǳޣҪԭ϶ڡ
Ҫڻ20.5%й12.0%Ĵǣ6.4%ɳذ5.5%4.8%4.7%ӡǣ4.2%2006꣩ҪڲƷǻеȼϡʳƷرţ⣩ѧƷ֯Ʒԭϡ
ձó׻[55]
[༭]ͨ


ʹڶ¸ϵ300ϵг700ϵг
ձԽʱֵɽݽֵչֵݽֵΪάԺܶȷǳߵִ½ȻձС·ܳȴ6λ·Ϊ3λ2λ2004꣬ձ·ȴ1,177,278·23,577ӵ173[56]ձȫձձ󺽿ռšձ·ϵͳͬͨ˴¸ȫʵûĸ·ϵͳձҲΪһ࣬ΪĪ˹Ƶ׶ϺձҲǸ·ϵͳ֮һ
μձ·
[༭]Ļ

ĿձĻ
ձĻһ治ĻͬʱҲԼɫԹԪ4͵9ͣж˴ŷǴ½ĻձͬʱҲǲǲʹǲʹйĻ10ңձ붫Ǵ½Ľ٣ʼչжɫĹĻ16ҶŷĻձձĻܴ̼Ȼ֮Ϊ̺ͣ͡17ԺĽʱڷȶٴηչԼĶĻ
άºձͳĻһƣձŷĻҲѸܴ仯ʱΪþձĴĻӰĻ1920Ժ½ߣڵڶսսʱ¶ŷĻϸͳơձսܺƶͬʱҲƹĻһʱҲзձͳĻھøٳɳڣϰ߷ȱ仯ܶഫͳϰʧһձţԱĻҲӡձĻ˹ʣ[57]͵ϷںӵкܴӰ[58]ձĿǰ16Ų12ĻŲ4ȻŲ[59]
[༭]ѧ
Ŀձѧ


Դ
ձĵ伮¼Ǻձ͵ȶǲɺдֱƽʱųձе֩ʽԴΪϵһС˵͸ձеԼдһʫ裬ͨ5ϡ31ɣҶ֪ĺ͸ܻ鼮ٽҲձصһѧã֪ٽβŽСٽʥ֮[60]ġ֮ϸԺձѧӰ죬ĿʯɭŸ⡢洨֮顢һɡɼͷ򡢴˿ɡ̫ΣԼС˫ϡ֮ƵĴϴ֪ҡ
ձλŵѧֱǴ˿ɣ1968꣩ʹ󽭽ɣ1994꣩[61]
[༭]
Ŀձ
ձͳıи輿ܾ硢ԡ֡šȡһձеĹŵ磬Աߣ棩ݡ輿ԴսʱĩڣԱԣǱܸڻξһľżϷ


αիĸƷδ
ձ滭еɫ˫ɫ֮֡ձΪ֪һ֣ӡ˲СӰ졣
ձʢjapanһֳ˽ձΪ֮[62]ձɫԽΪװλƣνġݪ桹ԽмǶҺУɺƹ⴦ֳĽɫʱ䡢˿Ƕƻݳͼмߵֵ[63]
ǰŷ̽ձģձΪձҪɲ֡
[༭]
Ŀձձб


ձǡఴ־֡
߶ȷչձѾΪожطԼӴӰɡ
ձ߰е[64]ձķǳ㷺1950Ժ𽥳ΪձҵҪ[65]2006ֵﵽ4810Բ[66]һСǲɫ[67] ֮⣬ձúڰӡˢ[68]
ձһ־أ\u6bce־ɰϵУ\u6bceϵֻһ½ڼ[64][69]ĳϵһʱڲܵ߻ӭǸϵͨԵбʽ[64][69]ڵбпռ½ڣ־ͬһбһϵУ


һʽŮ
ձӵдߡΪߵձרŵԲ裩߿һߺȿһ߿˻ҹ
ձʼ1970ĩձҵȫţ緶ΧڣձҲԽԽռ[70][71]ȡȨͷİձ
ʽһЩͬ֫ȽϽӽˣͷ۾Ƚϴ󣬱ӺͱСʽ磬ʱԱҲԷֱ档趨׶ΣԽ١⣬ʽͨ춳˵˸顣
[༭]
Ŀձֺձ
ձĴͳֱΪ֣֡֡ݸȡֵ෱ζߡ߰ˡܹܣѣݡϡ̫ĵȣйձҲչͬʽʮĩֽձձִ˺ܴӰ죬ѺͺڲںԪձɫJ-POP[72]OKձҪзʽ֮һ
[༭]

[༭]
Ŀձ
ձʵСѧУ6ꡢѧУ3󲿷ѧڽ󻹻ߵѧУ൱춸УߵѧУѧΪ95.3%λȫһ2006꣩ѧѧҲߴ45.5%2006꣩[73]ʶʼﵽ100%˵һ൱ռĹҡ
[༭]
Ŀձ


һձְ
ձĴͳ˶ڡ¼ǡ͡ձ͡омˣС֮[74]ձÿ6δ˾˶ԱΪʿеȼΪ١ֵ͹ҲձĴͳĿӵкܸߵĵλ
άº˶͸ϵͳձռ[75]԰ΪʢСձְҵʼ1936ְ꣬ˮ׼λǰУΡïۡľһʵȰǡְҵ֮⣬ȫߵѧУҰѡȨᣨνļ԰Ҳĸʢձְҵ1992꣬Ҳвٹ[76]2002ձϺٰͬ˺籭ձʵǿ֮һܼӮ4ޱ⣬߶[77]򡢻ѩ˶ձҲǳռС
[༭]ý


λ̨ĸʿ̨ܲǶر֮һ
Ŀձý
ձ籨ֽֽճӵкܸߵĵλϽеշ1000ݵıֽš롶šձֽ[78]ձȫԱֱֽǡššÿšձšרűֽ͡šطҲ൱ʵԡš
ձǹýҵý岢ơNHKȫй㲥ڷƣձûȫԵӪ̨γԶ㲥˾ΪĵJNNձ̨ΪĵNNNNNSԸʿ̨ΪĵFNNFNSԳյ̨ΪĵANNԶ̨ΪĵTXNȫԵڶ󶼻һЩ̨
[༭]

[༭]ʳ
Ŀձ


һ֭һˡԼ
ͳձʳ׷Ȼ\u2014\u2014㣬⣬߲ˣˣԼЩȵĿ򵥵ձǡ˲͡ձһ֭һˣ夦ä ichij-issai*һˣͨܲһ뷹Լһͳձͣͨζ׷һˡ˲͡ձһ֭ˣ夦󤵤 ichij-sansai\u2014\u2014׷òͬĲˡͨһƬһˣһˮˣеˣըˣײˣϽϵĲˡ˲͡⸽ϽԼ̲衣һֺܻӭĽ÷ɡ


ձ
ձǺ͹ңձ൱ϲúƷ--㣬࣬㣬Ϻз࣬ͺݡȻұȽձʳ壨ձʱ֮ǰкܳһʱǲģǺձ˻ΪǳصġձҲܳţͼ⣬Ҳճоֵʳġ
ȻйѾձҪһݡִͳ棬棬ͷͨɵĸ뽴͵ζԼ߲ͬˡһܻӭ20й档ʹõͷ֣ͽɵĸɵĸ


ձɫˣ˾
ձһɫʳκʳ磺㡢㡢ࡢ㡢ţ⡢ʳˡ
ձʳбȽɫΪ˾ơ㵱зɶ츾ޡա֡桢ϲաţ\u4e3cȡ
ձʳʹС͸Ŀӡ
[༭]
Ŀձ
[༭]б

19239111ʱ58֣UTC+9ضϵģ7.9ضλ춶ģ壬ʮɥձʷĵֺ
1995117峿546֣UTC+9ϵģ7.2λϷ23ĵ·
20113111ʱ48֣UTC+9ϵģ9.0ձλ춱ݶض棬10ǳƻͬ11,000ԭӵХϮءԼصȵҲɸһڶӷ糧\u6d29¼
2011313ոһ˵糧1Ż½Ӱ췢ȴϵͳϣ·Ӧ¯¶޷ƣձʱ3ʱ364ңð̺󴫳ը죬4ˣɷ\u6d29
[༭]ο

^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Japan. International Monetary Fund [2011-04-21].
^ 鱨֡ſ2007417գǰ660꽨˵ȫϵĹ£Ĺٷ
^ С. ձʽ\u8aadߤϡ˥åݥ󡹣. ձ\u60aaħ狼 [2007-12-29].
^ The Yayoi period (c.250 BC \u2013 c.AD 250). Encyclop\ue6dia Britannica. 2006 [2006-12-28].
^ Pottery. MSN Encarta [2006-12-28].
^ Դƽ\u6226̳֤\u6226\u30fc\u30fcƽ [2008-01-12].
^ ɰʽĿҪ [2008-01-12].
^ ϱڣ [2008-01-12].
^ \u95a2ԭ\u6226Ȥ [2008-01-12].
^ \u9ed2Ļλ [2008-01-12].
^ Jesse Arnold. Japan: The Making of a World Superpower (Imperial Japan). vt.edu/users/jearnol2 [2007-03-27].
^ \u95a2֤β״ [2008-01-12].
^ 226¼(1936) [2008-01-12].
^ Japanese Instrument of Surrender. educationworld.net [2006-12-28].
^ Ϲ˾\u7dcf˾ [2008-01-12].
^ ձιϼ50. ʡ [2008-01-12].
^ Japan scraps zero interest rates. BBC. 2006-07-14 [2006-12-28].
^ ޴
^ ʵϣȺϲֻձйܣȨձ̹桷8Ĳ涨ϸȺ
^ "Japan". Microsoft\uae Encarta\uae Online Encyclopedia. 2006 [2006-12-28].
^ Japan Information\u2014Page 1. WorldInfoZone.com [2006-12-28].
^ World Population Prospects. UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs [2007-03-27].
^ ձ ɾͽ
^ ˼Զǿڣ
^ Ũ [2008-01-12].
^ \u770c 󥭥 [2008-01-12].
^ Gifu Prefecture sees highest temperature ever recorded in Japan - 40.9. Japan News Review Society. 2007-08-16 [2007-08-16].
^ 125 դϺΤ~\u6bceդ~. ձѧ [2007-12-26].
^ ձɭɭ [2007-12-29].
^ ƽ17Ƶ. ʡͳƾ [2007-12-29].
^ The World Factbook. CIA [2007-12-29].
^ ձ˿ڤ˿ [2008-1-1].
^ Ƽ˿ڣƽ19--117). \u7dcfʡͳƾ [2008-06-10].
^ ̴ [2007-12-29].
^ ձܷ. Ժ [2008-01-01].
^ World FactbookJapan. CIA. 2007-03-15 [2007-03-27].
^ Michael Green. Japan Is Back: Why Tokyo's New Assertiveness Is Good for Washington. Real Clear Politics [2007-03-28].
^ BBC ƶҵձ. BBC [2007-12-29].
^ http://www.sinchew.com.my/node/47827 ޡ⽻30ձ| ձ
^ BBC World public opinion. BBC [2007-12-29].
^ ձƽܷ. . 2006-12-7 [2009-10-24].
^ ձ(ƽ18) ϱ 55٤ζԱԱ [2007-12-29].
^ Tokyo says it will bring troops home [2007-12-29].
^ ʡ:ȤθҪ. ʡ [2007-12-29].
^ ȷᣬձʽΪʡ»
^ Сذٺʽձ󳼣»
^ ձﺣɳ滻 [2009-07-06].
^ ձﺣǲӴ [2009-10-13].
^ Japan: Patterns of Development. country-data.com. January 1994 [2006-12-28].
^ McDonald, Joe. "China to spend $136 billion on R&D." ҵܿ2006124
^ The Boom in Robot Investment Continues\u2014900,000 Industrial Robots by 2003 [2007-12-29].
^ Japan's Economy: Free at last. ѧ. 2006-07-20 [2007-03-29].
^ Why Germany's economy will outshine Japan. MoneyWeek. 2007-02-28 [2007-03-28].
^ Market data. ŦԼ֤ȯ [2008-01-01].
^ China Passes U.S. In Trade With Japan: 2004 Figures Show Asian Giant's Muscle. ʢʱ. 2005-01-27 [2006-12-28].
^ World FactbookJapan\u2014Economy. CIA. 2006-12-19 [2006-12-28].
^ A History of Manga. NMP International [2007-03-27].
^ Leonard Herman, Jer Horwitz, Steve Kent, and Skyler Miller. The History of Video Games. Gamespot [2007-04-01].
^ ձˤͥ\u7523 [2008-01-12].
^ ٽʥβŽΤ [2008-01-12].
^ ձΥ\u30fc٥ [2007-12-28].
^ Yahoo. ץåӢдǵ [2007-12-30].
^ ʹԺ-幬ݪչ. ʹԺ [2007-12-29].
^ 64.0 64.1 64.2 Gravett, Paul. 2004. Manga: Sixty Years of Japanese Comics. NY: Harper Design. ISBN 1-85669-391-0. p. 8.
^ Schodt, Frederik L. 1996. Dreamland Japan: Writings on Modern Manga. Berkeley, CA: Stone Bridge Press. ISBN 978-1880656235.
^ "Japanese Manga Market Drops Below 500 Billion Yen." (2007-03-10) http://comipress.com/news/2007/03/10/1622 Accessed 2007-09-14.
^ Kishi, Torajiro. 1998. Colorful. Tokyo: Shueisha. ISBN 4-08-782556-6.
^ Katzenstein, Peter. J. & Takashi Shiraishi 1997. Network Power: Japan in Asia. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. ISBN 978-0801483738.
^ 69.0 69.1 Schodt, Frederik L. 1986. Manga! Manga! The World of Japanese Comics. Tokyo: Kodansha. ISBN 978-0-87011-752-7.
^ Wong, Wendy Siuyi, Globalizing manga: From Japan to Hong Kong and beyond, Mechademia: An Academic Forum for Anime, Manga, and the Fan Arts. 2006, 1: 23-45 [2007-09-14]
^ Patten, Fred. 2004. Watching Anime, Reading Manga: 25 Years of Essays and Reviews. Berkeley, CA: Stone Bridge Press. ISBN 978-1-880656-92-1.
^ J-Pop History. ۲ұ [2007-04-01].
^ ƽ17桡ձĲѧƤ飺ο8 ѧʡѧʣα [2007-12-29].
^ Sumo: East and West. PBS [2007-03-10].
^ Culture and Daily Life. Embassy of Japan in the UK [2007-03-27].
^ Soccer as a Popular Sport: Putting Down Roots in Japan (PDF). The Japan Forum [2007-04-01].
^ Fred Varcoe. Japanese Golf Gets Friendly. Metropolis [2007-04-01].
^ ޱ߽ձ󱨡9ҳ
[༭]

 ձҳ
ʷ
	 |  | ׶
	⽻ |  |  | ܷ | Ԫ |  | ѡ |  |  |  | 
	˿ |  | ڽ | 
Ļ	ѧ |  |  | ý |  |  |  | ͳ |  |  |  | Ӱ |  | 

ͨ	¸ | ·
[༭]ⲿ

[༭]ٷ
ڸ

ʡͳƾ
ʡ
Ժ
ͼ
[༭]ý
NHK
ͬ

\u7523\u7d4c
The Japan Times
֮
[༭]۹
ձ֯
ձѶ-ձ
ձ
ձ
ձι
Wikiϵձָ
[༭]
άٿƵüƻ˽й
ձݣ
	άʵϵִʽ
	ά̿ϵĽֲ̿
	ά¼ϵ
	άĿϵԭʼ
	άԴϵĶýԴ
	άϵ
鱨֡ſձӢģ
Ӣٿȫ顷ձר⣨Ӣģ
Guardian Unlimited\u2014رר⣺ձ
άýձͼ 
ձƷ - ڱƻ18891946ܷ
ձӰƬ-ձصӰƬ

صάԴ
ձ
	ձ ˹߽	³ȺϿ ˹ҳ		
ձ ʡ 		̫ƽ
    ձ    

 л񹲺͹ л	ɱ ɱ ص ӡͲǡ Ͳ¼	
    
ձأ
	
 |  | ض | в½ | Խ | Խ |  |  | йɽ] | ɽ | Ĺ | ݣ  | ݣ

	
ط	

ط	
ɭ |  |  |  | ɽ | 
ضط	
ĳ | \u6803ľ | Ⱥ | \u57fc | ǧҶ |  | δ
вط	
ɽ | Ұ | \u6f5f | ᪸ |  | ֪ | ɽ | ʯ | 
ܵط	
 | ̺ |  | 渮 |  |  | ͸ɽ
йط	
ȡ |  | ɽ | 㵺 | ɽ
Ĺط	
µ | 㴨 |  | ֪
ݵط	
ݱ |  |  | ܱ |  |  | ¹

 

Ǽ/	
л񹲺͹  л1  ձ      ɹ  ˹2
	
    կ  3  ӡ3      ɱ  ¼  ̩  Խ
	
ϼ    ӡ    Ჴ  ͻ˹̹  ˹
	
˹̹2  ˹˹̹  ˹̹  ˹̹  ȱ˹̹
/	
    ݽ2 - ɸŵ-ͺչ͹25    ·˹2 - ·˹乲͹25  ³2 - ȹ͹26 - ϰݹ͹26      ɫ  Լ        ˹̹7    ɳذ    2    Ҳ  4  ϣ2
ע	
δձϵĹҺ͵ľδձϵĹб
1 λûضΪ̨塹л̨δϹʹҳϣʮʽ⽻ϵ, Ҫǰάְٷϵ, ̨̨״ 
2 ؿǡŷ޻Ϊŷ޹ҡ
3 ؿǡ޻ΪǴ޹ҡ
4 ؿǡ޻ΪǷ޹ҡ
5 δϹ;ҳϡ
6 δϹͳ˹ҳϡ
7 δҴ󲿷ɫռ죬İ˹̹⡣
 -  -  - ϼ - ŷ -  - ׶б
 
֯Ա
    
 Ϲȫ»
¹
Ȩ	
 
19451991
 Ŷ顡 Ϲ2758ž飨йϹϵ 塡 ĹˣϹĸ
19451971	
 л  Ӣ  
19711991	
 л񹲺͹  Ӣ  
1991  \u2003 	
 л񹲺͹  Ӣ ˹ 
ǳ¹	
 
19462010
19461946	
  ī硡 
19461947	
 Ĵǡ  
19471948	
 ʱ ױǡ 

20072008	
 ʱ  Ϸǡ ӡᡡ 
20082009	
 ˹ӡ ޵ǡ ǡ Խ
20092010	
 ձ 䡡 µ ī硡 ڸɴ
20102011	
 ۡ ǡ  
20112012	
 ӡȡ Ϸǡ ױǡ ¹ 
20122013	
 ݽ Σ Ħ硡 ͻ˹̹ 
Ϲȫ»
    
̫ƽ󾭼ú֯APEC
 Ĵǡ  ô  й йۡ ӡᡡ
 ձ  ǡ ī硡  Ͳ¼ǡ ɱ
 ³ ˹ ¼¡ л̨ ̩  Խ

 
˴ҵ֯G8
 ô  ¹  ձ ˹ Ӣ 
    
ú뷢չ֯OECD
Ա	
Ĵ  µ  ʱ  ô    ݿ    ɳ      ¹  ϣ      ɫ      ձ    ¬ɭ  ī      Ų      ˹工  ˹ά      ʿ    Ӣ  

ѡԱ	
˹
ίԱ۲Ա	
й  ¼  л̨  25һԼŷίԱ
ǿⷰ	
  л񹲺͹  ӡ  ӡ  Ϸ
    
ӡˣIOR-ARC
Ա	
Ĵ  ӡ    ë˹    ¼  Ϸ  ӡ    ˹  Īɣȿ  ˹  ̹ɣ  Ҳ  ϼ    ̩  

۲Ա	
й      ձ  Ӣ
֯۲Ա	
ӡ֯
