Cervus

Cervus Linnaeus, 1758

Cervus Linnaeus, 1758; Syst. Nat. (Edn 10) 1: 66; TS: Cervus elaphus Linnaeus
Elaphus
Strongyloceros
Eucervus Acloque
Axis
Dactylocerus
Dama
Elaphoceros
Harana
Hippelaphus
Machlis
Palmatus
Platyceros
Przewalskium
Pseudaxis
Pseudocervus
Sica
Sika
Sikaillus

Axis; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]
Cervus elaphus pannoniensis; [CoL]
Cervus; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]
Dama; [CoL]
Harana; [iNaturalist]
Przewalskium; [CoL]

1000x666 (~208Kb) USA: FR 9711, Hurley Creek (47°18'N 120°38'W), Kittitas Co., WA, 5.7.2000, Photo © Markku Savela

1000x680 (~136Kb) USA: Cape Blanco, (42°49'57N 124°32'50W ±1km), Curry Co. OR, 2.8.2001, Photo © Markku Savela

1400x1207 (~386Kb) USA: Mesa Verde National Park, SW Colorado, 14.8.2005, Photo © Markku Savela

The exact identification of these species is still unknown, but tentatively assumed to belong into this group.

Cervus dama Linnaeus, 1758

Europe (widely introduced), W.Iran, New Zealand (introduced), N.America introduced, S.America introduced. See [maps] Fallow Deer Kuusipeura

Cervus dama Linnaeus, 1758; Syst. Nat. (Edn 10) 1: 67; TL: Sweden (introduced)

Cervus dama; [MPR], 199

432x800 (~136Kb) ♂ Neumuenster Animal Park (Germany), September 1999, Photo © Ralf Schmode

792x600 (~176Kb) ♀ Lauenbrueck Wild Animal Park, June 2000, Photo © Ralf Schmode

600x688 (~153Kb) ♀ Lauenbrueck Wild Animal Park, June 2000, Photo © Ralf Schmode

C. d. dama Linnaeus, 1758 Europe
- Cervus dama dama Linnaeus, 1758; ; TL: Sweden (introduced)
- platyceros
- plinii
- albus
- leucaethiops
- maura
- mauricus
- niger
- varius
- vulgaris
C. d. mesopotamica Brooke, 1875 Luristan, Iran
- mesopotamiae

Cervus axis Erxleben, 1777

India, Sri Lanka, N.Yugoslavia (Istria, introduced). See [maps] Chital Spotted Deer

Cervus axis Erxleben, 1777; Syst. Regn. Anim., 1: 312; TL: Ganges, Bihar

Axis axis; ; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]
Cervus axis; [MPR], 199

Cervus porcinus (Zimmermann, 1780) India - Vietnam, Yunnan, Sri Lanka, Bawean Is.. See [maps]
- porcinus (Zimmermann, 1780); Spec. Zool. Geogr.: 532; TL: India, Bengal
- calamianensis
- kuhli
- Axis porcinus; ; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]
Cervus nippon Temminck, 1838 Japan, Ussuri Region, Korea, Manchuria, Taiwan, introduced (Ireland, Britain, Denmark, C.Europe). See [maps] Japaninpeura Sika Deer
- Cervus nippon Temminck, 1838; Coup d'oeil sur la faune ds iles de la Sonde et de L'empire du Japon: 22; TL: Japan
- ?kematoceros
- ?minutus
- ?modestus
- Cervus nippon sichuanicus; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]
- Cervus nippon soloensis; [CoL]
- Cervus nippon; [MPR], 200; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]
- C. n. nippon Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu, Japan
  - aceros
  - aplodontus
  - blakistoninus
  - brachypus
  - consobrinus
  - dainius
  - dejardinus
  - dolichorhinus
  - elegans
  - ellipticus
  - fuscus
  - hollandianus
  - infelix
  - japonicus
  - keramae; ; TL: Kerama Is, Ryukyu Is
  - latidens
  - legrandianus
  - marmandianus
  - minoensis
  - minor Brooke
  - mitratus
  - orthopodicus
  - orthopus
  - paschalis
  - regulus
  - rex
  - schizodonticus
  - schlegeli
  - sendaiensis
  - sica
  - sicarius
  - sika
  - typicus
  - sylvanus
  - xendaiensis
  - Cervus centralis Kishida, 1936; 275; TL: Yatsugatake, Nagano Pref., Honshu, Japan
  - Cervus nippon aplodontus; [CoL]
  - Cervus nippon centralis; [iNaturalist]
  - Cervus nippon keramae; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]
  - Cervus nippon nippon; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]
- C. n. yesoensis Heude, 1884 Hokkaido Hokkaido Sika Deer
  - Cervus nippon yesoensis Heude, 1884; ; TL: Hokkaido
  - ?matsumotei
  - rutilus
  - Cervus nippon yesoensis; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]
- C. n. yakushimae Kuroda & Okada, 1950 Yakushima, Mageshima, Akuneoshima Yakushima Sika Deer
  - Cervus nippon var. yakushimae Kuroda & Okada, 1950; 60; TL: Yakushima Is., S. Japan
  - Cervus nippon var. mageshimae Kuroda & Okada, 1950; 62; TL: Mageshima Is., Kyushu, Japan
  - Cervus nippon mageshimae; [CoL]
  - Cervus nippon yakushimae; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]
- C. n. hortulorum Swinhow, 1864 SE.Siberia, Korea, Manchuria, China Dybowski's Sika Deer
  - andreanus
  - arietinus
  - brachyrhinus
  - cycloceros
  - cyclorhinus
  - dugenneanus
  - dybowskii
  - euopis
  - frinianus
  - gracilis
  - granulosus
  - grassianus; (N. Shensi)
  - grilloanus
  - hyemalis
  - ignotus
  - imperialis
  - joretianus
  - kopschi; (Kiangsi, S. China)
  - lachrymosus
  - mandarinus; (Hopei)
  - mantchuricus
  - microdontus
  - microspilus
  - oxycephalus
  - pouvrelianus
  - ?pseudaxis Gray
  - riverianus
  - surdescens
  - yuanus
  - Cervus nippon swinhoei Glover, 1956; (preocc. by Cervus swinhoii Sclater, 1862)
  - Cervus nippon grassianus; [CoL]
  - Cervus nippon hortulorum; [CoL]
  - Cervus nippon kopschi; [CoL]
  - Cervus nippon mandarinus; [CoL]
  - Cervus nippon mantchuricus; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]
  - Cervus nippon pseudaxis; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]
  600x743 (~206Kb) "Schwarze Berge" Wild Animal Park, Germany, June 2000, Photo © Ralf Schmode
- C. n. taiouanus Blyth, 1860 Taiwan Formosan Sika Deer
  - taëvanus
  - tai-oranus
  - taivanus
  - devilleanus
  - dominicanus
  - morrisianus
  - novioninus
  - schulzianus
  - Cervus nippon taiouanus; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]
- C. n. pulchellus Imaizumi, 1970 Tsushima Is.
  - Cervus pulchellus Imaizumi, 1970; Bull. natn. Sci. Mus. Tokyo 13: 185-194; TL: Are, Izuhara, Tsushima Is., Japan
  - Cervus nippon pulchellus; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]
Cervus albirostris Przewalski, 1883 Tibet, Nan Shan (Chingai), W.Szechuan. See [maps] Thorold's Deer
- Cervus albirostris Przewalski, 1883; Third Journey in Central Asia: 124; TL: Nan Shan, W. Kansu, 3 km above mouth of Kokusu River, Humboldt Mts.
- dyboskii Sclater
- sellatus
- thoroldi
- Cervus albirostris; [MPR], 200; [iNaturalist]
Cervus elaphus Linnaeus, 1758 EU, Tunisia, Algeria, Asia Minor, Caucasus - Elburz Mts, Turkestan, C.Asia (montane forests), Amur, Manchuria, W.China, Yunnan, N.America. See [maps] Red Deer Wapiti Saksanhirvi
- Cervus elaphus Linnaeus, 1758; Syst. Nat. (Edn 10) 1: 67; TL: S.Sweden
- Cervus elaphus italicus; [iNaturalist]
- Cervus elaphus; [MPR], 200; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]
900x620 (~130Kb) USA: Near Lion Rock, Table Mtn, Kittitas Co., WA, 30.7.1999, Photo © Markku Savela
- C. e. elaphus Europe
  - typicus
  - vulgaris
  - albicus
  - albifrons
  - albus
  - atlanticus; (W.Norway)
  - bajovaricus
  - balticus
  - bolivari
  - campestris Botezat, 1903; (preocc. by Cervus campestris Cuvier, 1817 = Odocoileus virginianus)
  - debilis
  - germanicus
  - hippelaphus; (Belgium)
  - montanus; (Carpathians)
  - neglectus
  - rhenanus
  - saxonicus
  - scoticus; (Scotland)
  - varius
  - visurgensis
  - Cervus elaphus brauneri Charlemagne, 1920; ; TL: Crimean Mts, Ukraine
  - Cervus Elafus[sic] tauricus Fortunatov, 1925; ; TL: Ukraine
  - Cervus elaphus carpathicus Tatarinov, 1956; ; TL: Ukrainian Carpathians
  - Cervus elaphus atlanticus; [CoL]
  - Cervus elaphus brauneri; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]
  - Cervus elaphus elaphus; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]
  - Cervus elaphus montanus; [iNaturalist]
- C. e. corsicanus Erxleben, 1777 Corsica, Sardinia, S.Spain and NW. Africa
  - minor
  - barbarus; (Tunisia)
  - corsiniacus
  - hispanicus; (SW. Spain)
  - mediterraneus
  - Cervus elaphus barbarus; [CoL]
  - Cervus elaphus corsicanus; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]
  - Cervus elaphus hispanicus; [CoL]
- C. e. maral Gray, 1850 Asia Mior, Caucasus - N.Iran
  - Cervus elaphus maral Gray, 1850; ; TL: N.Iran
  - caspius
  - caucasicus
  - Cervus elaphus maral; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]
- C. e. bactrianus Lydekker, 1900 Turkestean, N.Afghanistan
  - Cervus elaphus bactrianus Lydekker, 1900; ; TL: Tashkent
  - hagenbecki
- C. e. affinis Hodgson, 1841 Himalayas (Kashmir - Yunnan) - W.China - Kansu
  - Cervus elaphus affinis Hodgson, 1841; ; TL: Saul Forest, Nepal
  - cashmeerianus
  - cashmerensis
  - casperianus
  - hanglu
  - kansuensis; (Kansu)
  - macneilli; (W.Szechuan)
  - wardi
  - Cervus canadensis macneilli; [iNaturalist]
  - Cervus elaphus hanglu; [CoL]
  - Cervus elaphus kansuensis; [CoL]
  - Cervus elaphus macneilli; [CoL]
  - Cervus hanglu hanglu; [iNaturalist]
  - Cervus hanglu; [iNaturalist]
- C. e. wallichi Cuvier, 1823 SW.Tibet
  - Cervus elaphus wallichi Cuvier, 1823; ; TL: near Lake Mansarowar
  - nariyanus
  - tibetanus
  - Cervus canadensis wallichii; [iNaturalist]
  - Cervus elaphus wallichii; [CoL]
- C. e. yarkandensis Blanford, 1892 Tarim Basin, Singkiang
  - Cervus elaphus yarkandensis Blanford, 1892; ; TL: Maralbashi Forest
  - Cervus elaphus yarkandensis; [CoL]
  - Cervus hanglu yarkandensis; [iNaturalist]
- C. e. alashanicus Bobrinski & Flerov, 1935 SE.Mongolia (Alashan Range)
  - Cervus elaphus alashanicus Bobrinski & Flerov, 1935; ; TL: Alashan Range, SE. Mongolia
  - Cervus elaphus alashanicus; [CoL]
- C. e. xanthopygus Milne-Edwards, 1867 Amur Basin, SE.Siberia (Sikhote Alin Range), E.Manchuria
  - Cervus elaphus xanthopygus Milne-Edwards, 1867; ; TL: near Peking
  - bedfordianus; (Manchuria)
  - ussuricus; (Ussuri R.)
  - Cervus canadensis xanthopygus; [iNaturalist]
  - Cervus elaphus xanthopygus; [CoL]
- C. e. canadensis Erxleben, 1777 E.Siberia
  - Cervus elaphus canadensis Erxleben, 1777; Systema regni animalis ..., 305; TL: Eastern Canada (Quebec)
  - asiaticus Severtzov, 1873; (W. Sayan Mts)
  - baicalensis; (W. Sayan Mts)
  - biedermanni
  - eustephanus
  - isubra; (N. Manchuria)
  - lühdorfi
  - sibirica Severtzov, 1873
  - songarica Severtzov, 1873; (Dzungarian Tien Shan)
  - wachei; (W. Mongolia)
  - ?Cervus canadensis manitobensis Millais, 1915; in The gun at home and abroad ..., 4: 281; TL: Manitoba and E.Saskatchewan
  - ?Cervus canadensis nelsoni Bailey, 1935; Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 38: 188; TL: Yellowstone National Park
  - ?Cervus canadensis roosevelti Merriam, 1897; Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 11: 272; TL: Mt. Elaine
  - ?canadensis occidentalis (Hamilton Smith)
  - Cervus canadensis canadensis; [iNaturalist]
  - Cervus canadensis roosevelti; [iNaturalist]
  - Cervus canadensis sibiricus; [iNaturalist]
  - Cervus canadensis; [iNaturalist]
  - Cervus elaphus canadensis; [CoL]
  - Cervus elaphus songaricus; [CoL]
- ?C. e. ?ssp
  - Cervus merriami Nelson, 1902; Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 16: 7; TL: Black River, White Mts, Arizona
  - Cervus nannodes Merriam, 1905; Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 18: 24; TL: Buttonwillow, Kern Co., California
  - Cervus canadensis nannodes; [iNaturalist]
  - Cervus elaphus nannodes; [CoL]

Cervus duvaucelii Cuvier, 1823 N.India, C.India, SW.Nepal. See [maps] Barasingha Deer
- Cervus duvaucelii Cuvier, 1823; Oss. Foss., 2nd ed., 4: 505; TL: N.India
800x562 (~196Kb) Hannover Zoo, Germany, September 1999, Photo © Ralf Schmode
Cervus eldii M'Clelland, 1842 India - Vietnam, Hainan. See [maps]
- Cervus eldi M'Clelland, 1842; Calcutta J. Nat. Hist., 2: 417; TL: Assam, Manipur
Cervus schomburgki Blyth, 1863 Thailand. See [maps]
- Cervus schomburgki Blyth, 1863; Cat. Mamm. Mus. Asiat. Soc. Calcutta: 155; TL: Thailand
Cervus timorensis Blainville, 1822 Sulawesi, Timor, Flores, Java, Bali, Buru, Seram, Molucca Is., introduced (N.Australia, New Zealand, New Britain, S.New Guinea). See [maps]
- Cervus timorensis Blainville, 1822; J. Phys. Chim. Hist. Nat. Arts Paris, 94: 267; TL: Lesser Sunda Is., Timor Is.
Cervus unicolor (Kerr, 1792) Philippines, Bonin Is., Borneo, Sumatra - India, S.China, C.China, Hainan, Taiwan, Guam, Siberut, Sipora Is., Pagi, Nias, Sri Lanka. See [maps]
- unicolor (Kerr, 1792); Anim. Kingdom: 300; TL: Sri Lanka
- mariannus
- alfredi

26.10.2001 (11)

References:

[CoL] Catalogue of Life
Bánki, O., Roskov, Y., Döring, M., Ower, G., Hernández Robles, D. R., Plata Corredor, C. A., Stjernegaard Jeppesen, T., Örn, A., Vandepitte, L., Hobern, D., Schalk, P., DeWalt, R. E., Ma, K., Miller, J., Orrell, T., Aalbu, R., Abbott, J., Adlard, R., Aedo, C., et al. (2024). Catalogue of Life Checklist (Version 2024-03-26); https://doi.org/10.48580/dfz8d
[Ralf Schmode]
Geesthacht, Germany; e-mail: Ralf Schmode; More of similar pictures from Ralf Schmode's; Animal Photography Page
[iNaturalist]
iNaturalist
[maps]
Warning! The maps are automatically generated from the textual information, and the process does not always produce acceptable result; See about maps for more info.

Some related literature:

[MPR]; Corbet, 1978
The Mammals of the Palearctic Region: a taxonomic review
Linnaeus, 1758
Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, Secundum Clases, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Symonymis, Locis. Tomis I. 10th Edition Syst. Nat. (Edn 10) 1 : 1-338, : 339-824
Imaizumi, 1970
Description of new species of Cervus from the Tsuchima Islands, Japan, with a revision of the subgenus Sika Bull. natn. Sci. Mus. Tokyo 13: 185-194, pls 1-2

If you have corrections, comments or information to add into these pages, just send mail to Markku Savela
Keep in mind that the taxonomic information is copied from various sources, and may include many inaccuracies. Expert help is welcome.

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