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====================================================
trace-summary - Generating network traffic summaries
====================================================

.. rst-class:: opening

    ``trace-summary`` is a Python script that generates break-downs of
    network traffic, including lists of the top hosts, protocols,
    ports, etc. Optionally, it can generate output separately for
    incoming vs. outgoing traffic, per subnet, and per time-interval.

Download
--------

You can find the latest trace-summary release for download at
https://www.zeek.org/download.

trace-summary's git repository is located at
https://github.com/zeek/trace-summary

This document describes trace-summary |version|. See the ``CHANGES``
file for version history.


Overview
--------

The ``trace-summary`` script reads both packet traces in `libpcap
<http://www.tcpdump.org>`_ format and connection logs produced by the
`Zeek <http://www.zeek.org>`_ network security monitor
(for the latter, it supports both 1.x and 2.x log formats).

Here are two example outputs in the most basic form (note that IP
addresses are 'anonymized'). The first is from a packet trace and the
second from a Zeek connection log::


 >== Total === 2005-01-06-14-23-33 - 2005-01-06-15-23-43
   - Bytes 918.3m - Payload 846.3m - Pkts 1.8m - Frags   0.9% - MBit/s      1.9 -
     Ports        | Sources                   | Destinations              | Protocols |
     80     33.8% | 131.243.89.214       8.5% | 131.243.89.214       7.7% | 6   76.0% |
     22     16.7% | 128.3.2.102          6.2% | 128.3.2.102          5.4% | 17  23.3% |
     11001  12.4% | 204.116.120.26       4.8% | 131.243.89.4         4.8% | 1    0.5% |
     2049   10.7% | 128.3.161.32         3.6% | 131.243.88.227       3.6% |           |
     1023   10.6% | 131.243.89.4         3.5% | 204.116.120.26       3.4% |           |
     993     8.2% | 128.3.164.194        2.7% | 131.243.89.64        3.1% |           |
     1049    8.1% | 128.3.164.15         2.4% | 128.3.164.229        2.9% |           |
     524     6.6% | 128.55.82.146        2.4% | 131.243.89.155       2.5% |           |
     33305   4.5% | 131.243.88.227       2.3% | 128.3.161.32         2.3% |           |
     1085    3.7% | 131.243.89.155       2.3% | 128.55.82.146        2.1% |           |


 >== Total === 2005-01-06-14-23-33 - 2005-01-06-15-23-42
   - Connections 43.4k - Payload 398.4m -
     Ports        | Sources                   | Destinations              | Services           | Protocols | States        |
     80     21.7% | 207.240.215.71       3.0% | 239.255.255.253      8.0% | other        51.0% | 17  55.8% | S0      46.2% |
     427    13.0% | 131.243.91.71        2.2% | 131.243.91.255       4.0% | http         21.7% | 6   36.4% | SF      30.1% |
     443     3.8% | 128.3.161.76         1.7% | 131.243.89.138       2.1% | i-echo        7.3% | 1    7.7% | OTH      7.8% |
     138     3.7% | 131.243.90.138       1.6% | 255.255.255.255      1.7% | https         3.8% |           | RSTO     5.8% |
     515     2.4% | 131.243.88.159       1.6% | 128.3.97.204         1.5% | nb-dgm        3.7% |           | SHR      4.4% |
     11001   2.3% | 131.243.88.202       1.4% | 131.243.88.107       1.1% | printer       2.4% |           | REJ      3.0% |
     53      1.9% | 131.243.89.250       1.4% | 117.72.94.10         1.1% | dns           1.9% |           | S1       1.0% |
     161     1.6% | 131.243.89.80        1.3% | 131.243.88.64        1.1% | snmp          1.6% |           | RSTR     0.9% |
     137     1.4% | 131.243.90.52        1.3% | 131.243.88.159       1.1% | nb-ns         1.4% |           | SH       0.3% |
     2222    1.1% | 128.3.161.252        1.2% | 131.243.91.92        1.1% | ntp           1.0% |           | RSTRH    0.2% |


Prerequisites
-------------

* This script requires Python 2.6 or newer.

* The `pysubnettree
  <http://www.zeek.org/documentation/pysubnettree.html>`_ Python
  module.

* Eddie Kohler's `ipsumdump <http://www.cs.ucla.edu/~kohler/ipsumdump>`_
  if using ``trace-summary`` with packet traces (versus Zeek connection logs)

Installation
------------

Simply copy the script into some directory which is in your ``PATH``.

Usage
-----

The general usage is::

   trace-summary [options] [input-file]

Per default, it assumes the ``input-file`` to be a ``libpcap`` trace
file. If it is a Zeek connection log, use ``-c``. If ``input-file`` is
not given, the script reads from stdin. It writes its output to
stdout.

Options
~~~~~~~

The most important options are summarized
below. Run ``trace-summary --help`` to see the full list including
some more esoteric ones.

:-c:
    Input is a Zeek connection log instead of a ``libpcap`` trace
    file.

:-b:
    Counts all percentages in bytes rather than number of
    packets/connections.

:-E <file>:
    Gives a file which contains a list of networks to ignore for the
    analysis. The file must contain one network per line, where each
    network is of the CIDR form ``a.b.c.d/mask`` (including the
    corresponding syntax for IPv6 prefixes, e.g., ``1:2:3:4::/64``).
    Empty lines and lines starting with a "#" are ignored.

:-i <duration>:
    Creates totals for each time interval of the given length
    (default is seconds; add "``m``" for minutes and "``h``" for
    hours). Use ``-v`` if you also want to see the breakdowns for
    each interval.

:-l <file>:
    Generates separate summaries for incoming and outgoing traffic.
    ``<file>`` is a file which contains a list of networks to be
    considered local. Format as for ``-E``.

:-n <n>:
    Show top n entries in each break-down. Default is 10.

:-r:
    Resolves hostnames in the output.

:-s <n>:
    Gives the sample factor if the input has been sampled.

:-S <n>:
    Sample input with the given factor; less accurate but faster and
    saves memory.

:-m:
    Does skip memory-expensive statistics.

:-v:
    Generates full break-downs for each time interval.  Requires
    ``-i``.
