*San Marino, Geography

Location:
  Southern Europe, an enclave in central Italy
Map references:
  Europe, Standard Time Zones of the World
Area:
 total area:
  60 km2
 land area:
  60 km2
 comparative area:
  about 0.3 times the size of Washington, DC
Land boundaries:
  total 39 km, Italy 39 km
Coastline:
  0 km (landlocked)
Maritime claims:
  none; landlocked
International disputes:
  none
Climate:
  Mediterranean; mild to cool winters; warm, sunny summers
Terrain:
  rugged mountains
Natural resources:
  building stone
Land use:
 arable land:
  17%
 permanent crops:
  0%
 meadows and pastures:
  0%
 forest and woodland:
  0%
 other:
  83%
Irrigated land:
  NA
Environment:
  dominated by the Appenines
Note:
  landlocked; smallest independent state in Europe after the Holy See and
  Monaco

*San Marino, People

Population:
  23,855 (July 1993 est.)
Population growth rate:
  1.01% (1993 est.)
Birth rate:
  11.32 births/1,000 population (1993 est.)
Death rate:
  7.25 deaths/1,000 population (1993 est.)
Net migration rate:
  6.08 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1993 est.)
Infant mortality rate:
  5.7 deaths/1,000 live births (1993 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
 total population:
  81.18 years
 male:
  77.09 years
 female:
  85.27 years (1993 est.)
Total fertility rate:
  1.54 children born/woman (1993 est.)
Nationality:
 noun:
  Sammarinese (singular and plural)
 adjective:
  Sammarinese
Ethnic divisions:
  Sammarinese, Italian
Religions:
  Roman Catholic
Languages:
  Italian
Literacy:
  age 14 and over can read and write (1976)
 total population:
  96%
 male:
  96%
 female:
  95%
Labor force:
  4,300 (est.)
 by occupation:
  NA

*San Marino, Government

Names:
 conventional long form:
  Republic of San Marino
 conventional short form:
  San Marino
 local long form:
  Repubblica di San Marino
 local short form:
  San Marino
Digraph:
  SM
Type:
  republic
Capital:
  San Marino
Administrative divisions:
  9 municipalities (castelli, singular - castello); Acquaviva, Borgo Maggiore,
  Chiesanuova, Domagnano, Faetano, Fiorentino, Monte Giardino, San Marino,
  Serravalle
Independence:
  301 AD (by tradition)
Constitution:
  8 October 1600; electoral law of 1926 serves some of the functions of a
  constitution
Legal system:
  based on civil law system with Italian law influences; has not accepted
  compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
National holiday:   Anniversary of the Foundation of the Republic, 3 September
Political parties and leaders:
  Christian Democratic Party (DCS), Piermarino MENICUCCI; San Marino
  Democratic Progressive Party (PPDS) formerly San Marino Communist Party
  (PCS), Gilberto GHIOTTI; San Marino Socialist Party (PSS), Remy GIACOMINI;
  Unitary Socialst Party (PSU); Democratic Movement (MD), Emilio Della BALDA;
  San Marino Social Democratic Party (PSDS), Augusto CASALI; San Marino
  Republican Party (PRS), Cristoforo BUSCARINI
Suffrage:
  18 years of age; universal
Elections:
 Great and General Council:
  last held 29 May 1988 (next to be held by NA May 1993); results - percent of
  vote by party NA; seats - (60 total) DCS 27, PCS 18, PSU 8, PSS 7
Executive branch:
  two captains regent, Congress of State (cabinet); real executive power is
  wielded by the secretary of state for foreign affairs and the secretary of
  state for internal affairs
Legislative branch:
  unicameral Great and General Council (Consiglio Grande e Generale)
Judicial branch:
  Council of Twelve (Consiglio dei XII)
Leaders:
 Co-Chiefs of State:
  Captain Regent Patricia BUSIGNANI and Captain Regent Salvatore TONELLI (for
  the period 1 April - 30 September 1993)
 Head of Government:
  Secretary of State Gabriele GATTI (since July 1986)
Member of:
  CE, CSCE, ECE, ICAO, ICFTU, ILO, IMF, IOC, IOM (observer), ITU, LORCS, NAM
  (guest), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WTO

*San Marino, Government

Diplomatic representation in US:
 honorary consulates general:
  Washington and New York
 honorary consulate:
  Detroit
US diplomatic representation:
  no mission in San Marino, but the Consul General in Florence (Italy) is
  accredited to San Marino
Flag:
  two equal horizontal bands of white (top) and light blue with the national
  coat of arms superimposed in the center; the coat of arms has a shield
  (featuring three towers on three peaks) flanked by a wreath, below a crown
  and above a scroll bearing the word LIBERTAS (Liberty)

*San Marino, Economy

Overview:
  The tourist industry contributes over 50% of GDP. In 1991 over 3.1 million
  tourists visited San Marino, 2.7 million of whom were Italians. The key
  industries are wearing apparel, electronics, and ceramics. Main agricultural
  products are wine and cheeses. The per capita level of output and standard
  of living are comparable to northern Italy.
National product:
  GDP - purchasing power equivalent - $465 million (1992 est.)
National product real growth rate:
  NA%
National product per capita:
  $20,000 (1992 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
  5% (1992 est.)
Unemployment rate:
  3% (1991)
Budget:
  revenues $NA; expenditures $300 million, including capital expenditures of
  $NA (1991)
Exports:
  trade data are included with the statistics for Italy; commodity trade
  consists primarily of exchanging building stone, lime, wood, chestnuts,
  wheat, wine, baked goods, hides, and ceramics for a wide variety of consumer
  manufactures
Imports:
  see exports
External debt:
  $NA
Industrial production:
  growth rate NA%; accounts for 42% of workforce
Electricity:
  supplied by Italy
Industries:
  wine, olive oil, cement, leather, textile, tourism
Agriculture:
  employs 3% of labor force; products - wheat, grapes, maize, olives, meat,
  cheese, hides; small numbers of cattle, pigs, horses; depends on Italy for
  food imports
Economic aid:
  NA
Currency:
  Italian currency is used; note - also mints its own coins
Exchange rates:
  Italian lire (Lit) per US$1 - 1,482.5 (January 1993), 1,232.4 (1992),
  1,240.6 (1991), 1,198.1 (1990), 1,372.1 (1989), 1,301.6 (1988)
Fiscal year:
  calendar year

*San Marino, Communications

Highways:
  104 km
Telecommunications:
  automatic telephone system completely integrated into Italian system; 11,700
  telephones; broadcast services from Italy; microwave and cable links into
  Italian networks; no communication satellite facilities

*San Marino, Defense Forces

Branches:
  public security or police force
Manpower availability:
  all fit men ages 16-60 constitute a militia that can serve as an army
Defense expenditures:
  $NA, NA% of GDP