*Portugal, Geography

Location:
  Southern Europe, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean west of Spain
Map references:
  Africa, Europe, Standard Time Zones of the World
Area:
 total area:
  92,080 km2
 land area:
  91,640 km2
 comparative area:
  slightly smaller than Indiana
 note:
  includes Azores and Madeira Islands
Land boundaries:
  total 1,214 km, Spain 1,214 km
Coastline:
  1,793 km
Maritime claims:
 continental shelf:
  200 m depth or to depth of exploitation
 exclusive economic zone:
  200 nm
 territorial sea:
  12 nm
International disputes:
  sovereignty over Timor Timur (East Timor Province) disputed with Indonesia
Climate:
  maritime temperate; cool and rainy in north, warmer and drier in south
Terrain:
  mountainous north of the Tagus, rolling plains in south
Natural resources:
  fish, forests (cork), tungsten, iron ore, uranium ore, marble
Land use:
 arable land:
  32%
 permanent crops:
  6%
 meadows and pastures:
  6%
 forest and woodland:
  40%
 other:
  16%
Irrigated land:
  6,340 km2 (1989 est.)
Environment:
  Azores subject to severe earthquakes
Note:
  Azores and Madeira Islands occupy strategic locations along western sea
  approaches to Strait of Gibraltar

*Portugal, People

Population:
  10,486,140 (July 1993 est.)
Population growth rate:
  0.36% (1993 est.)
Birth rate:
  11.59 births/1,000 population (1993 est.)
Death rate:
  9.77 deaths/1,000 population (1993 est.)
Net migration rate:
  1.8 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1993 est.)
Infant mortality rate:
  9.8 deaths/1,000 live births (1993 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
 total population:
  74.89 years
 male:
  71.43 years
 female:
  78.56 years (1993 est.)
Total fertility rate:
  1.45 children born/woman (1993 est.)
Nationality:
 noun:
  Portuguese (singular and plural)
 adjective:
  Portuguese
Ethnic divisions:
  homogeneous Mediterranean stock in mainland, Azores, Madeira Islands;
  citizens of black African descent who immigrated to mainland during
  decolonization number less than 100,000
Religions:
  Roman Catholic 97%, Protestant denominations 1%, other 2%
Languages:
  Portuguese
Literacy:
  age 15 and over can read and write (1990)
 total population:
  85%
 male:
  89%
 female:
  82%
Labor force:
  4,605,700
 by occupation:
  services 45%, industry 35%, agriculture 20% (1988)

*Portugal, Government

Names:
 conventional long form:   Portuguese Republic
 conventional short form:
  Portugal
 local long form:
  Republica Portuguesa
 local short form:
  Portugal
Digraph:
  PO
Type:
  republic
Capital:
  Lisbon
Administrative divisions:
  18 districts (distritos, singular - distrito) and 2 autonomous regions*,   (regioes autonomas,
singular - regiao autonoma); Aveiro, Acores (Azores)*,,   Beja, Braga, Braganca, Castelo Branco,
Coimbra, Evora, Faro, Guarda, Leiria,
  Lisboa, Madeira*, Portalegre, Porto, Santarem, Setubal, Viana do Castelo,,   Vila Real, Viseu
Dependent areas:
  Macau (scheduled to become a Special Administrative Region of China on 20
  December 1999)
Independence:
  1140 (independent republic proclaimed 5 October 1910)
Constitution:
  25 April 1976, revised 30 October 1982 and 1 June 1989
Legal system:
  civil law system; the Constitutional Tribunal reviews the constitutionality
  of legislation; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
National holiday:
  Day of Portugal, 10 June
Political parties and leaders:
  Social Democratic Party (PSD), Anibal CAVACO Silva; Portuguese Socialist
  Party (PS), Antonio GUTERRES; Party of Democratic Renewal (PRD), Pedro
  CANAVARRO; Portuguese Communist Party (PCP), Carlos CARVALHAS; Social
  Democratic Center (CDS), Manuel MONTEIRO; National Solidarity Party, Manuel
  SERGIO; Center Democratic Party; United Democratic Coalition (CDU;
  Communists)
Suffrage:
  18 years of age; universal
Elections:
 President:
  last held 13 February 1991 (next to be held NA February 1996); results - Dr.
  Mario Lopes SOARES 70%, Basilio HORTA 14%, Carlos CARVALHAS 13%, Carlos
  MARQUES 3%
 Assembly of the Republic:
  last held 6 October 1991 (next to be held NA October 1995); results - PSD
  50.4%, PS 29.3%, CDU 8.8%, Center Democrats 4.4%, National Solidarity Party
  1.7%, PRD 0.6%, other 4.8%; seats - (230 total) PSD 135, PS 72, CDU 17,
  Center Democrats 5, National Solidarity Party 1
Executive branch:
  president, Council of State, prime minister, deputy prime minister, Council
  of Ministers (cabinet)
Legislative branch:
  unicameral Assembly of the Republic (Assembleia da Republica)
Judicial branch:   Supreme Tribunal of Justice (Supremo Tribunal de Justica)

*Portugal, Government

Leaders:
 Chief of State:
  President Dr. Mario Alberto Nobre Lopes SOARES (since 9 March 1986)
 Head of Government:
  Prime Minister Anibal CAVACO SILVA (since 6 November 1985)
Member of:
  AfDB, Australian Group, BIS, CCC, CE, CERN, COCOM, CSCE, EBRD, EC, ECE,
  ECLAC, EIB, FAO, GATT, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, IEA, IFAD, IFC,
  ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, LAIA
  (observer), LORCS, MTCR, NACC, NAM (guest), NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer),
  OECD, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNOMOZ, UNPROFOR, UPU, WCL, WEU, WHO,
  WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC
Diplomatic representation in US:
 chief of mission:
  Ambassador Francisco Jose Laco Treichler KNOPFLI
 chancery:
  2125 Kalorama Road NW, Washington DC 20008
 telephone:
  (202) 328-8610
 consulates general:
  Boston, New York, Newark (New Jersey), and San Francisco
 consulates:
  Los Angeles, New Bedford (Massachusetts), and Providence (Rhode Island)
US diplomatic representation:
 chief of mission:
  Ambassador Everett Ellis BRIGGS
 embassy:
  Avenida das Forcas Armadas, 1600 Lisbon
 mailing address:
  PSC 83, APO AE 09726
 telephone:
  [351] (1) 726-6600 or 6659, 8670, 8880
 FAX:
  [351] (1) 726-9109
 consulate:
  Ponta Delgada (Azores)
Flag:
  two vertical bands of green (hoist side, two-fifths) and red (three-fifths)
  with the Portuguese coat of arms centered on the dividing line

*Portugal, Economy

Overview:
  Although Portugal has experienced strong growth since joining the EC in 1986
  - at least 4% each year through 1990 - it remains one of the poorest
  members. To prepare for the European single market, the government is
  restructuring and modernizing the economy and in 1989 embarked on a major
  privatization program. As of 1 January 1993, Lisbon has fully liberalized
  its capital markets and most trade markets. The global slowdown and tight
  monetary policies to counter inflation caused growth to slow in 1991 and
  1992. Growth probably will remain depressed in 1993, but should pick up
  again in 1994.
National product:
  GDP - purchasing power equivalent - $93.7 billion (1992)
National product real growth rate:
  1.1% (1992)
National product per capita:
  $9,000 (1992)
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
  9% (1992)
Unemployment rate:
  5% (1992)
Budget:
  revenues $27.3 billion; expenditures $33.2 billion, including capital
  expenditures of $4.5 billion (1991)
Exports:
  $16.3 billion (f.o.b., 1992 est.)
 commodities:
  cotton textiles, cork and paper products, canned fish, wine, timber and
  timber products, resin, machinery, appliances
 partners:
  EC 75.4%, other developed countries 12.4%, US 3.8% (1991)
Imports:
  $26.0 billion (c.i.f., 1992 est.)
 commodities:
  machinery and transport equipment, agricultural products, chemicals,
  petroleum, textiles
 partners:
  EC 72%, other developed countries 10.9% less developed countries 12.9%, US
  3.4%
External debt:
  $16.9 billion (1992 est.)
Industrial production:
  growth rate 9.1% (1990); accounts for 40% of GDP
Electricity:
  6,624,000 kW capacity; 26,400 million kWh produced, 2,520 kWh per capita
  (1992)
Industries:
  textiles and footwear; wood pulp, paper, and cork; metalworking; oil
  refining; chemicals; fish canning; wine; tourism
Agriculture:
  accounts for 6.1% of GDP and 20% of labor force; small, inefficient farms;
  imports more than half of food needs; major crops - grain, potatoes, olives,
  grapes; livestock sector - sheep, cattle, goats, poultry, meat, dairy
  products
Illicit drugs:
  increasingly important gateway country for Latin American cocaine entering
  the European market
Economic aid:
  US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $1.8 billion; Western (non-US)
  countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $1.2 billion

*Portugal, Economy

Currency:
  1 Portuguese escudo (Esc) = 100 centavos
Exchange rates:
  Portuguese escudos (Esc) per US$1 - 145.51 (January 1993), 135.00 (1992),
  144.48 (1991), 142.55 (1990), 157.46 (1989), 143.95 (1988)
Fiscal year:
  calendar year

*Portugal, Communications

Railroads:
  3,625 km total; state-owned Portuguese Railroad Co. (CP) operates 2,858 km
  1.665-meter gauge (434 km electrified and 426 km double track), 755 km
  1.000-meter gauge; 12 km (1.435-meter gauge) electrified, double track,
  privately owned
Highways:
  73,661 km total; 61,599 km surfaced (bituminous, gravel, and crushed stone),
  including 140 km of limited-access divided highway; 7,962 km improved earth;
  4,100 km unimproved earth (motorable tracks)
Inland waterways:
  820 km navigable; relatively unimportant to national economy, used by
  shallow-draft craft limited to 300-metric-ton cargo capacity
Pipelines:
  crude oil 11 km; petroleum products 58 km
Ports:
  Leixoes, Lisbon, Porto, Ponta Delgada (Azores), Velas (Azores), Setubal,
  Sines
Merchant marine:
  51 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 634,072 GRT/1,130,515 DWT; includes 1
  short-sea passenger, 21 cargo, 3 refrigerated cargo, 3 container, 1
  roll-on/roll-off cargo, 13 oil tanker, 2 chemical tanker, 5 bulk, 2
  liquified gas; note - Portugal has created a captive register on Madeira
  (MAR) for Portuguese-owned ships that will have the taxation and crewing
  benefits of a flag of convenience; although only one ship currently is known
  to fly the Portuguese flag on the MAR register, it is likely that a majority
  of Portuguese flag ships will transfer to this subregister in a few years
Airports:
 total:
  64
 usable:
  62
 with permanent-surface runways:
  36
 with runways over 3,659 m:
  2
 with runways 2,440-3,659 m:
  10
 with runways 1,220-2,439 m:
  11
Telecommunications:
  generally adequate integrated network of coaxial cables, open wire and
  microwave radio relay; 2,690,000 telephones; broadcast stations - 57 AM, 66
  (22 repeaters) FM, 66 (23 repeaters) TV; 6 submarine cables; 3 INTELSAT
  earth stations (2 Atlantic Ocean, 1 Indian Ocean), EUTELSAT, domestic
  satellite systems (mainland and Azores); tropospheric link to Azores

*Portugal, Defense Forces

Branches:
  Army, Navy (including Marines), Air Force, National Republican Guard, Fiscal
  Guard, Public Security Police
Manpower availability:
  males age 15-49 2,696,325; fit for military service 2,188,041; reach
  military age (20) annually 88,735 (1993 est.)
Defense expenditures:
  exchange rate conversion - $2.4 billion, 2.9% of GDP (1992)