*Cambodia, Geography

Location:
  Southeast Asia, bordering the Gulf of Thailand, between Thailand and Vietnam
Map references:   Asia, Southeast Asia, Standard Time Zones of the World
Area:
 total area:
  181,040 km2
 land area:
  176,520 km2
 comparative area:
  slightly smaller than Oklahoma
Land boundaries:
  total 2,572 km, Laos 541 km, Thailand 803 km, Vietnam 1,228 km
Coastline:
  443 km
Maritime claims:
 contiguous zone:
  24 nm
 continental shelf:
  200 nm
 exclusive economic zone:
  200 nm
 territorial sea:
  12 nm
International disputes:
  offshore islands and three sections of the boundary with Vietnam are in
  dispute; maritime boundary with Vietnam not defined
Climate:
  tropical; rainy, monsoon season (May to October); dry season (December to
  March); little seasonal temperature variation
Terrain:
  mostly low, flat plains; mountains in southwest and north
Natural resources:
  timber, gemstones, some iron ore, manganese, phosphates, hydropower
  potential
Land use:
 arable land:
  16%
 permanent crops:
  1%
 meadows and pastures:
  3%
 forest and woodland:
  76%
 other:
  4%
Irrigated land:
  920 km2 (1989 est.)
Environment:
  a land of paddies and forests dominated by Mekong River and Tonle Sap
Note:
  buffer between Thailand and Vietnam

*Cambodia, People

Population:
  9,898,900 (July 1993 est.)
Population growth rate:
  4.41% (1993 est.)
Birth rate:
  45.52 births/1,000 population (1993 est.)
Death rate:
  16.57 deaths/1,000 population (1993 est.)
Net migration rate:
  15.15 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1993 est.)
Infant mortality rate:
  111.5 deaths/1,000 live births (1993 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
 total population:
  49.06 years
 male:
  47.6 years
 female:
  50.6 years (1993 est.)
Total fertility rate:
  5.81 children born/woman (1993 est.)
Nationality:
 noun:
  Cambodian(s)
 adjective:
  Cambodian
Ethnic divisions:
  Khmer 90%, Vietnamese 5%, Chinese 1%, other 4%
Religions:
  Theravada Buddhism 95%, other 5%
Languages:
  Khmer (official), French
Literacy:
  age 15 and over can read and write (1990)
 total population:
  35%
 male:
  48%
 female:
  22%
Labor force:
  2,500,000 to 3,000,000
 by occupation:
  agriculture 80% (1988 est.)

*Cambodia, Government

Names:
 conventional long form:
  none
 conventional short form:
  Cambodia
Digraph:
  CB
Type:
  transitional government currently administered by the Supreme National
  Council (SNC), a body set up under United Nations' auspices, in preparation
  for an internationally supervised election in 1993 and including
  representatives from each of the country's four political factions
Capital:
  Phnom Penh
Administrative divisions:
  20 provinces (khet, singular and plural); Banteay Meanchey, Batdambang,
  Kampong Cham, Kampong Chhnang, Kampong Spoe, Kampong Thum, Kampot, Kandal,
  Kaoh Kong, Kracheh, Mondol Kiri, Phnum Penh, Pouthisat, Preah Vihear, Prey
  Veng, Rotanokiri, Siemreab-Otdar Meanchey, Stoeng Treng, Svay Rieng, Takev
Independence:
  9 November 1949 (from France)
Constitution:
  a new constitution will be drafted after the national election in 1993
Legal system:
  NA
National holiday:
 NGC:
  Independence Day, 17 April (1975)
 SOC:
  Liberation Day, 7 January (1979)
Political parties and leaders:
  Democratic Kampuchea (DK, also known as the Khmer Rouge) under KHIEU
  SAMPHAN; Cambodian Pracheachon Party or Cambodian People's Party (CPP) under
  CHEA SIM; Khmer People's National Liberation Front (KPNLF) under SON SANN;
  National United Front for an Independent, Neutral, Peaceful, and Cooperative
  Cambodia (FUNCINPEC) under Prince NORODOM RANARIDDH; Liberal Democratic
  Party (LDP) under SAK SUTSAKHAN
Suffrage:
  18 years of age; universal
Elections:
  UN-supervised election for a 120-member constituent assembly based on
  proportional representation within each province is scheduled for 23-27 May
  1993; the assembly will draft and approve a constitution and then transform
  itself into a legislature that will create a new Cambodian Government
Executive branch:
  a 12 member Supreme National Council (SNC), chaired by Prince NORODOM
  SIHANOUK, composed of representatives from each of the four political
  factions; faction names and delegation leaders are: State of Cambodia (SOC)
  - HUN SEN; Democratic Kampuchea (DK or Khmer Rouge) - KHIEU SAMPHAN; Khmer
  People's National Liberation Front (KPNLF) - SON SANN; National United Front
  for an Independent, Peaceful, Neutral, and Cooperative Cambodia (FUNCINPEC)
  - Prince NORODOM RANARIDDH
Legislative branch:
  pending a national election in 1993, the incumbent SOC faction's unicameral
  National Assembly is the only functioning national legislative body
Judicial branch:
  Supreme People's Court pending a national election in 1993, the incumbent
  SOC faction's Supreme People's Court is the only functioning national
  judicial body

*Cambodia, Government

Leaders:  Chief of State:
  SNC - Chairman Prince NORODOM SIHANOUK, under UN supervision
 Head of Government:
  NGC - vacant, but will be determined following the national election in
  1993; SOC - Chairman of the Council of Ministers HUN SEN (since 14 January
  1985)
Member of:
  AsDB, CP, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFAD, ILO, IMF, IMO,
  INTERPOL, ITU, LORCS, NAM, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO, WTO
Diplomatic representation in US:
  the Supreme National Council (SNC) represents Cambodia in international
  organizations
US diplomatic representation:
 US representative:
  Charles TWINNING
 mission:
  27 EO Street 240, Phnom Penh
 mailing address:
  Box P, APO AP 96546
 telephone:
  (855) 23-26436 or (855) 23-26438
 FAX:
  (855) 23-26437
Flag:
  SNC - blue background with white map of Cambodia in middle; SOC - two equal
  horizontal bands of red (top) and blue with a gold stylized five-towered
  temple representing Angkor Wat in the center

*Cambodia, Economy

Overview:
  Cambodia remains a desperately poor country whose economic recovery is held
  hostage to continued political unrest and factional hostilities. The
  country's immediate economic challenge is an acute financial crisis that is
  undermining monetary stability and preventing disbursement of foreign
  development assistance. Cambodia is still recovering from an abrupt shift in
  1990 to free-market economic mechanisms and a cutoff in aid from former
  Soviet bloc countries; these changes have severely impacted on public sector
  revenues and performance. The country's infrastructure of roads, bridges,
  and power plants has been severely degraded, now having only 40-50% of
  prewar capacity. The economy remains essentially rural, with 90% of the
  population living in the countryside and dependent mainly on subsistence
  agriculture. Statistical data on the economy continue to be sparse and
  unreliable.
National product:
  GDP - exchange rate conversion - $2 billion (1991 est.)
National product real growth rate:
  NA%
National product per capita:
  $280 (1991 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
  250-300% (1992 est.)
Unemployment rate:
  NA%
Budget:
  revenues $120 million; expenditures $NA, including capital expenditures of
  $NA (1992 est.)
Exports:
  $59 million (f.o.b., 1990 est.)
 commodities:
  natural rubber, rice, pepper, wood
 partners:
  Vietnam, USSR, Eastern Europe, Japan, India
Imports:
  $170 million (c.i.f., 1990 est.)
 commodities:
  international food aid; fuels, consumer goods, machinery
 partners:
  Vietnam, USSR, Eastern Europe, Japan, India
External debt:
  $717 million (1990)
Industrial production:
  growth rate NA%
Electricity:
  35,000 kW capacity; 70 million kWh produced, 9 kWh per capita (1990)
Industries:
  rice milling, fishing, wood and wood products, rubber, cement, gem mining
Agriculture:
  mainly subsistence farming except for rubber plantations; main crops - rice,
  rubber, corn; food shortages - rice, meat, vegetables, dairy products,
  sugar, flour
Economic aid:
  US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $725 million; Western (non-US
  countries) (1970-89), $300 million; Communist countries (1970-89), $1.8
  billion
Currency:
  1 riel (CR) = 100 sen

*Cambodia, Economy

Exchange rates:
  riels (CR) per US$1 - 2,800 (September 1992), 500 (December 1991), 560
  (1990), 159.00 (1988), 100.00 (1987)
Fiscal year:
  calendar year

*Cambodia, Communications

Railroads:
  612 km 1.000-meter gauge, government owned
Highways:
  13,351 km total; 2,622 km bituminous; 7,105 km crushed stone, gravel, or
  improved earth; 3,624 km unimproved earth; some roads in disrepair
Inland waterways:
  3,700 km navigable all year to craft drawing 0.6 meters; 282 km navigable to
  craft drawing 1.8 meters
Ports:
  Kampong Saom, Phnom Penh
Airports:
 total:
  15
 usable:
  9
 with permanent-surface runways:
  5
 with runways over 3,659 m:
  0
 with runways 2,440-3,659 m:
  2
 with runways 1,220-2,439 m:
  4
Telecommunications:
  service barely adequate for government requirements and virtually
  nonexistent for general public; international service limited to Vietnam and
  other adjacent countries; broadcast stations - 1 AM, no FM, 1 TV

*Cambodia, Defense Forces

Branches:
 SOC:
  Cambodian People's Armed Forces (CPAF)
 Communist resistance forces:
  National Army of Democratic Kampuchea (Khmer Rouge)
 non-Communist resistance forces:
  Armee National Kampuchea Independent (ANKI) which is sometimes anglicized as
  National Army of Independent Cambodia (NAIC), Khmer People's National
  Liberation Armed Forces (KPNLAF)
Manpower availability:
  males age 15-49 1,883,679; fit for military service 1,033,168; reach
  military age (18) annually 74,585 (1993 est.)
Defense expenditures:
  exchange rate conversion - $NA, NA% of GDP