*Andorra, Geography

Location:
  Western Europe, between France and Spain
Map references:
  Europe, Standard Time Zones of the World
Area:
 total area:
  450 km2
 land area:
  450 km2
 comparative area:
  slightly more than 2.5 times the size of Washington, DC
Land boundaries:
  total 125 km, France 60 km, Spain 65 km
Coastline:
  0 km (landlocked)
Maritime claims:
  none; landlocked
International disputes:
  none
Climate:   temperate; snowy, cold winters and cool, dry summers
Terrain:
  rugged mountains dissected by narrow valleys
Natural resources:
  hydropower, mineral water, timber, iron ore, lead
Land use:
 arable land:
  2%
 permanent crops:
  0%
 meadows and pastures:
  56%
 forest and woodland:
  22%
 other:
  20%
Irrigated land:
  NA km2
Environment:
  deforestation, overgrazing
Note:
  landlocked

*Andorra, People

Population:
  61,962 (July 1993 est.)
Population growth rate:
  3.27% (1993 est.)
Birth rate:
  13.78 births/1,000 population (1993 est.)
Death rate:
  6.99 deaths/1,000 population (1993 est.)
Net migration rate:
  25.92 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1993 est.)
Infant mortality rate:
  8.1 deaths/1,000 live births (1993 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
 total population:
  78.22 years
 male:
  75.35 years
 female:
  81.34 years (1993 est.)
Total fertility rate:
  1.73 children born/woman (1993 est.)
Nationality:
 noun:
  Andorran(s)
 adjective:
  Andorran
Ethnic divisions:
  Spanish 61%, Andorran 30%, French 6%, other 3%
Religions:   Roman Catholic (predominant)
Languages:
  Catalan (official), French, Castilian
Literacy:
 total population:
  NA%
 male:
  NA%
 female:
  NA%
Labor force:
  NA

*Andorra, Government

Names:
 conventional long form:
  Principality of Andorra
 conventional short form:
  Andorra
 local long form:
  Principat d'Andorra
 local short form:
  Andorra
Digraph:
  AN
Type:
  parliamentary coprincipality under formal sovereignty of president of France
  and Spanish bishop of Seo de Urgel, who are represented locally by officials
  called veguers; to be changed to a parliamentary form of government
Capital:
  Andorra la Vella
Administrative divisions:
  7 parishes (parroquies, singular - parroquia); Andorra, Canillo, Encamp, La
  Massana, Les Escaldes, Ordino, Sant Julia de Loria
Independence:
  1278
Constitution:
  Andorra's first written constitution was drafted in 1991; adopted 14 March
  1993; to take effect within 15 days
Legal system:
  based on French and Spanish civil codes; no judicial review of legislative
  acts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
National holiday:
  Mare de Deu de Meritxell, 8 September
Political parties and leaders:
  political parties not yet legally recognized; traditionally no political
  parties but partisans for particular independent candidates for the General
  Council on the basis of competence, personality, and orientation toward
  Spain or France; various small pressure groups developed in 1972; first
  formal political party, Andorran Democratic Association, was formed in 1976
  and reorganized in 1979 as Andorran Democratic Party
Suffrage:
  18 years of age, universal
Elections:
 General Council of the Valleys:
  last held 12 April 1992 (next to be held April 1996); results - percent of
  vote by party NA; seats - (28 total) number of seats by party NA
Executive branch:
  two co-princes (president of France, bishop of Seo de Urgel in Spain), two
  designated representatives (French veguer, Episcopal veguer), two permanent
  delegates (French prefect for the department of Pyrenees-Orientales, Spanish
  vicar general for the Seo de Urgel diocese), president of government,
  Executive Council
Legislative branch:
  unicameral General Council of the Valleys (Consell General de las Valls)
Judicial branch:
  Supreme Court of Andorra at Perpignan (France) for civil cases, the
  Ecclesiastical Court of the bishop of Seo de Urgel (Spain) for civil cases,
  Tribunal of the Courts (Tribunal des Cortes) for criminal cases

*Andorra, Government

Leaders:
 Chiefs of State:
  French Co-Prince Francois MITTERRAND (since 21 May 1981), represented by
  Veguer de Franca Jean Pierre COURTOIS (since NA); Spanish Episcopal
  Co-Prince Mgr. Juan MARTI Alanis (since 31 January 1971), represented by
  Veguer Episcopal Francesc BADIA Bata
 Head of Government:
  Executive Council President Oscar RIBAS Reig (since 10 Decmber 1989)
Member of:
  INTERPOL, IOC
Diplomatic representation in US:
  Andorra has no mission in the US
US diplomatic representation:
  Andorra is included within the Barcelona (Spain) Consular District, and the
  US Consul General visits Andorra periodically
Flag:
  three equal vertical bands of blue (hoist side), yellow, and red with the
  national coat of arms centered in the yellow band; the coat of arms features
  a quartered shield; similar to the flags of Chad and Romania that do not
  have a national coat of arms in the center

*Andorra, Economy

Overview:
  The mainstay of Andorra's economy is tourism. An estimated 13 million
  tourists visit annually, attracted by Andorra's duty-free status and by its
  summer and winter resorts. The banking sector, with its "tax haven" status,
  also contributes significantly to the economy. Agricultural production is
  limited by a scarcity of arable land, and most food has to be imported. The
  principal livestock activity is sheep raising. Manufacturing consists mainly
  of cigarettes, cigars, and furniture. Although it is a member of the EC
  customs union, it is unclear what effect the European Single Market will
  have on the advantages Andorra obtains from its duty-free status.
National product:
  GDP - purchasing power equivalent - $760 million (1992 est.)
National product real growth rate:
  NA% (1992 est.)
National product per capita:
  $14,000 (1992 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
  NA%
Unemployment rate:
  0%
Budget:
  revenues $119.4 million; expenditures $190 million, including capital
  expenditures of $NA (1990)
Exports:
  $23 million (f.o.b., 1989)
 commodities:
  electricity, tobacco products, furniture
 partners:
  France, Spain
Imports:
  $888.7 million (f.o.b., 1989)
 commodities:
  consumer goods, food
 partners:
  France, Spain
External debt:
  $NA
Industrial production:
  growth rate NA%
Electricity:
  35,000 kW capacity; 140 million kWh produced, 2,570 kWh per capita (1992)
Industries:
  tourism (particularly skiing), sheep, timber, tobacco, banking
Agriculture:
  sheep raising; small quantities of tobacco, rye, wheat, barley, oats, and
  some vegetables
Economic aid:
  none
Currency:
  the French and Spanish currencies are used
Exchange rates:
  French francs (F) per US$1 - 5.4812 (January 1993), 5.2938 (1992), 5.6421
  (1991), 5.4453 (1990), 6.3801 (1989), 5.9569 (1988); Spanish pesetas (Ptas)
  per US$1 - 114.59 (January 1993), 102.38 (1992), 103.91 (1991), 101.93
  (1990), 118.38 (1989), 116.49 (1988)
Fiscal year:
  calendar year

*Andorra, Communications

Highways:
  96 km
Telecommunications:
  international digital microwave network; international landline circuits to
  France and Spain; broadcast stations - 1 AM, no FM, no TV; 17,700 telephones

*Andorra, Defense Forces

Note:
  defense is the responsibility of France and Spain