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### Emplace operations in older compilers

Certain constructors and functions in the interface of `optional` perform a 'perfect forwarding' of arguments:

    template<class... Args> optional(in_place_init_t, Args&&... args);
    template<class... Args> optional(in_place_init_if_t, bool condition, Args&&... args);
    template<class... Args> void emplace(Args&&... args);

On compilers that do not support variadic templates, each of these functions is substituted with two overloads, one forwarding a single argument, the other forwarding zero arguments. This forms the following set:

    template<class Arg> optional(in_place_init_t, Arg&& arg);
    optional(in_place_init_t);

    template<class Arg> optional(in_place_init_if_t, bool condition, Arg&& arg);
    optional(in_place_init_if_t, bool condition);

    template<class Arg> void emplace(Arg&& arg);
    void emplace();

On compilers that do not support rvalue references, each of these functions is substituted with three overloadss: taking `const` and non-`const` lvalue reference, and third forwarding zero arguments. This forms the following set:

    template<class Arg> optional(in_place_init_t, const Arg& arg);
    template<class Arg> optional(in_place_init_t, Arg& arg);
    optional(in_place_init_t);

    template<class Arg> optional(in_place_init_if_t, bool condition, const Arg& arg);
    template<class Arg> optional(in_place_init_if_t, bool condition, Arg& arg);
    optional(in_place_init_if_t, bool condition);

    template<class Arg> void emplace(const Arg& arg);
    template<class Arg> void emplace(Arg& arg);
    void emplace();

This workaround addressess about 40% of all use cases. If this is insufficient, you need to resort to using In-Place Factories.