/*
 *  /MathJax/config/TeX-AMS_HTML-full.js
 *  
 *  Copyright (c) 2010-2013 The MathJax Consortium
 *
 *  Part of the MathJax library.
 *  See http://www.mathjax.org for details.
 * 
 *  Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0;
 *  you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 *
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 */

MathJax.Ajax.Preloading(
  "[MathJax]/jax/input/TeX/config.js",
  "[MathJax]/jax/output/HTML-CSS/config.js",
  "[MathJax]/extensions/tex2jax.js",
  "[MathJax]/extensions/MathEvents.js",
  "[MathJax]/extensions/MathZoom.js",
  "[MathJax]/extensions/MathMenu.js",
  "[MathJax]/jax/element/mml/jax.js",
  "[MathJax]/extensions/toMathML.js",
  "[MathJax]/extensions/TeX/noErrors.js",
  "[MathJax]/extensions/TeX/noUndefined.js",
  "[MathJax]/jax/input/TeX/jax.js",
  "[MathJax]/extensions/TeX/AMSmath.js",
  "[MathJax]/extensions/TeX/AMSsymbols.js",
  "[MathJax]/jax/output/HTML-CSS/jax.js",
  "[MathJax]/jax/output/HTML-CSS/autoload/mtable.js"
);

MathJax.Hub.Config({"v1.0-compatible":false});

MathJax.InputJax.TeX=MathJax.InputJax({id:"TeX",version:"2.3",directory:MathJax.InputJax.directory+"/TeX",extensionDir:MathJax.InputJax.extensionDir+"/TeX",config:{TagSide:"right",TagIndent:"0.8em",MultLineWidth:"85%",equationNumbers:{autoNumber:"none",formatNumber:function(a){return a},formatTag:function(a){return"("+a+")"},formatID:function(a){return"mjx-eqn-"+String(a).replace(/[:"'<>&]/g,"")},formatURL:function(a){return"#"+escape(a)},useLabelIds:true}}});MathJax.InputJax.TeX.Register("math/tex");MathJax.InputJax.TeX.loadComplete("config.js");
MathJax.OutputJax["HTML-CSS"]=MathJax.OutputJax({id:"HTML-CSS",version:"2.3",directory:MathJax.OutputJax.directory+"/HTML-CSS",extensionDir:MathJax.OutputJax.extensionDir+"/HTML-CSS",autoloadDir:MathJax.OutputJax.directory+"/HTML-CSS/autoload",fontDir:MathJax.OutputJax.directory+"/HTML-CSS/fonts",webfontDir:MathJax.OutputJax.fontDir+"/HTML-CSS",config:{matchFontHeight:true,scale:100,minScaleAdjust:50,availableFonts:["STIX","TeX"],preferredFont:"TeX",webFont:"TeX",imageFont:"TeX",undefinedFamily:"STIXGeneral,'Arial Unicode MS',serif",mtextFontInherit:false,EqnChunk:(MathJax.Hub.Browser.isMobile?10:50),EqnChunkFactor:1.5,EqnChunkDelay:100,linebreaks:{automatic:false,width:"container"},styles:{".MathJax_Display":{"text-align":"center",margin:"1em 0em"},".MathJax .merror":{"background-color":"#FFFF88",color:"#CC0000",border:"1px solid #CC0000",padding:"1px 3px","font-style":"normal","font-size":"90%"},"#MathJax_Tooltip":{"background-color":"InfoBackground",color:"InfoText",border:"1px solid black","box-shadow":"2px 2px 5px #AAAAAA","-webkit-box-shadow":"2px 2px 5px #AAAAAA","-moz-box-shadow":"2px 2px 5px #AAAAAA","-khtml-box-shadow":"2px 2px 5px #AAAAAA",filter:"progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.dropshadow(OffX=2, OffY=2, Color='gray', Positive='true')",padding:"3px 4px","z-index":401}}}});if(MathJax.Hub.Browser.isMSIE&&document.documentMode>=9){delete MathJax.OutputJax["HTML-CSS"].config.styles["#MathJax_Tooltip"].filter}if(!MathJax.Hub.config.delayJaxRegistration){MathJax.OutputJax["HTML-CSS"].Register("jax/mml")}MathJax.Hub.Register.StartupHook("End Config",[function(b,c){var a=b.Insert({minBrowserVersion:{Firefox:3,Opera:9.52,MSIE:6,Chrome:0.3,Safari:2,Konqueror:4},inlineMathDelimiters:["$","$"],displayMathDelimiters:["$$","$$"],multilineDisplay:true,minBrowserTranslate:function(f){var e=b.getJaxFor(f),k=["[Math]"],j;var h=document.createElement("span",{className:"MathJax_Preview"});if(e.inputJax==="TeX"){if(e.root.Get("displaystyle")){j=a.displayMathDelimiters;k=[j[0]+e.originalText+j[1]];if(a.multilineDisplay){k=k[0].split(/\n/)}}else{j=a.inlineMathDelimiters;k=[j[0]+e.originalText.replace(/^\s+/,"").replace(/\s+$/,"")+j[1]]}}for(var g=0,d=k.length;g<d;g++){h.appendChild(document.createTextNode(k[g]));if(g<d-1){h.appendChild(document.createElement("br"))}}f.parentNode.insertBefore(h,f)}},(b.config["HTML-CSS"]||{}));if(b.Browser.version!=="0.0"&&!b.Browser.versionAtLeast(a.minBrowserVersion[b.Browser]||0)){c.Translate=a.minBrowserTranslate;b.Config({showProcessingMessages:false});MathJax.Message.Set(["MathJaxNotSupported","Your browser does not support MathJax"],null,4000);b.Startup.signal.Post("MathJax not supported")}},MathJax.Hub,MathJax.OutputJax["HTML-CSS"]]);MathJax.OutputJax["HTML-CSS"].loadComplete("config.js");
MathJax.Extension.tex2jax={version:"2.3",config:{inlineMath:[["\\(","\\)"]],displayMath:[["$$","$$"],["\\[","\\]"]],balanceBraces:true,skipTags:["script","noscript","style","textarea","pre","code","annotation","annotation-xml"],ignoreClass:"tex2jax_ignore",processClass:"tex2jax_process",processEscapes:false,processEnvironments:true,processRefs:true,preview:"TeX"},PreProcess:function(a){if(!this.configured){this.config=MathJax.Hub.CombineConfig("tex2jax",this.config);if(this.config.Augment){MathJax.Hub.Insert(this,this.config.Augment)}if(typeof(this.config.previewTeX)!=="undefined"&&!this.config.previewTeX){this.config.preview="none"}this.configured=true}if(typeof(a)==="string"){a=document.getElementById(a)}if(!a){a=document.body}if(this.createPatterns()){this.scanElement(a,a.nextSibling)}},createPatterns:function(){var d=[],e=[],c,a,b=this.config;this.match={};for(c=0,a=b.inlineMath.length;c<a;c++){d.push(this.patternQuote(b.inlineMath[c][0]));this.match[b.inlineMath[c][0]]={mode:"",end:b.inlineMath[c][1],pattern:this.endPattern(b.inlineMath[c][1])}}for(c=0,a=b.displayMath.length;c<a;c++){d.push(this.patternQuote(b.displayMath[c][0]));this.match[b.displayMath[c][0]]={mode:"; mode=display",end:b.displayMath[c][1],pattern:this.endPattern(b.displayMath[c][1])}}if(d.length){e.push(d.sort(this.sortLength).join("|"))}if(b.processEnvironments){e.push("\\\\begin\\{([^}]*)\\}")}if(b.processEscapes){e.push("\\\\*\\\\\\$")}if(b.processRefs){e.push("\\\\(eq)?ref\\{[^}]*\\}")}this.start=new RegExp(e.join("|"),"g");this.skipTags=new RegExp("^("+b.skipTags.join("|")+")$","i");var f=[];if(MathJax.Hub.config.preRemoveClass){f.push(MathJax.Hub.config.preRemoveClass)}if(b.ignoreClass){f.push(b.ignoreClass)}this.ignoreClass=(f.length?new RegExp("(^| )("+f.join("|")+")( |$)"):/^$/);this.processClass=new RegExp("(^| )("+b.processClass+")( |$)");return(e.length>0)},patternQuote:function(a){return a.replace(/([\^$(){}+*?\-|\[\]\:\\])/g,"\\$1")},endPattern:function(a){return new RegExp(this.patternQuote(a)+"|\\\\.|[{}]","g")},sortLength:function(d,c){if(d.length!==c.length){return c.length-d.length}return(d==c?0:(d<c?-1:1))},scanElement:function(c,b,g){var a,e,d,f;while(c&&c!=b){if(c.nodeName.toLowerCase()==="#text"){if(!g){c=this.scanText(c)}}else{a=(typeof(c.className)==="undefined"?"":c.className);e=(typeof(c.tagName)==="undefined"?"":c.tagName);if(typeof(a)!=="string"){a=String(a)}f=this.processClass.exec(a);if(c.firstChild&&!a.match(/(^| )MathJax/)&&(f||!this.skipTags.exec(e))){d=(g||this.ignoreClass.exec(a))&&!f;this.scanElement(c.firstChild,b,d)}}if(c){c=c.nextSibling}}},scanText:function(b){if(b.nodeValue.replace(/\s+/,"")==""){return b}var a,c;this.search={start:true};this.pattern=this.start;while(b){this.pattern.lastIndex=0;while(b&&b.nodeName.toLowerCase()==="#text"&&(a=this.pattern.exec(b.nodeValue))){if(this.search.start){b=this.startMatch(a,b)}else{b=this.endMatch(a,b)}}if(this.search.matched){b=this.encloseMath(b)}if(b){do{c=b;b=b.nextSibling}while(b&&(b.nodeName.toLowerCase()==="br"||b.nodeName.toLowerCase()==="#comment"));if(!b||b.nodeName!=="#text"){return(this.search.close?this.prevEndMatch():c)}}}return b},startMatch:function(a,b){var f=this.match[a[0]];if(f!=null){this.search={end:f.end,mode:f.mode,pcount:0,open:b,olen:a[0].length,opos:this.pattern.lastIndex-a[0].length};this.switchPattern(f.pattern)}else{if(a[0].substr(0,6)==="\\begin"){this.search={end:"\\end{"+a[1]+"}",mode:"; mode=display",pcount:0,open:b,olen:0,opos:this.pattern.lastIndex-a[0].length,isBeginEnd:true};this.switchPattern(this.endPattern(this.search.end))}else{if(a[0].substr(0,4)==="\\ref"||a[0].substr(0,6)==="\\eqref"){this.search={mode:"",end:"",open:b,pcount:0,olen:0,opos:this.pattern.lastIndex-a[0].length};return this.endMatch([""],b)}else{var d=a[0].substr(0,a[0].length-1),g,c;if(d.length%2===0){c=[d.replace(/\\\\/g,"\\")];g=1}else{c=[d.substr(1).replace(/\\\\/g,"\\"),"$"];g=0}c=MathJax.HTML.Element("span",null,c);var e=MathJax.HTML.TextNode(b.nodeValue.substr(0,a.index));b.nodeValue=b.nodeValue.substr(a.index+a[0].length-g);b.parentNode.insertBefore(c,b);b.parentNode.insertBefore(e,c);this.pattern.lastIndex=g}}}return b},endMatch:function(a,c){var b=this.search;if(a[0]==b.end){if(!b.close||b.pcount===0){b.close=c;b.cpos=this.pattern.lastIndex;b.clen=(b.isBeginEnd?0:a[0].length)}if(b.pcount===0){b.matched=true;c=this.encloseMath(c);this.switchPattern(this.start)}}else{if(a[0]==="{"){b.pcount++}else{if(a[0]==="}"&&b.pcount){b.pcount--}}}return c},prevEndMatch:function(){this.search.matched=true;var a=this.encloseMath(this.search.close);this.switchPattern(this.start);return a},switchPattern:function(a){a.lastIndex=this.pattern.lastIndex;this.pattern=a;this.search.start=(a===this.start)},encloseMath:function(b){var a=this.search,f=a.close,e,c;if(a.cpos===f.length){f=f.nextSibling}else{f=f.splitText(a.cpos)}if(!f){e=f=MathJax.HTML.addText(a.close.parentNode,"")}a.close=f;c=(a.opos?a.open.splitText(a.opos):a.open);while(c.nextSibling&&c.nextSibling!==f){if(c.nextSibling.nodeValue!==null){if(c.nextSibling.nodeName==="#comment"){c.nodeValue+=c.nextSibling.nodeValue.replace(/^\[CDATA\[((.|\n|\r)*)\]\]$/,"$1")}else{c.nodeValue+=c.nextSibling.nodeValue}}else{if(this.msieNewlineBug){c.nodeValue+=(c.nextSibling.nodeName.toLowerCase()==="br"?"\n":" ")}else{c.nodeValue+=" "}}c.parentNode.removeChild(c.nextSibling)}var d=c.nodeValue.substr(a.olen,c.nodeValue.length-a.olen-a.clen);c.parentNode.removeChild(c);if(this.config.preview!=="none"){this.createPreview(a.mode,d)}c=this.createMathTag(a.mode,d);this.search={};this.pattern.lastIndex=0;if(e){e.parentNode.removeChild(e)}return c},insertNode:function(b){var a=this.search;a.close.parentNode.insertBefore(b,a.close)},createPreview:function(c,a){var b=this.config.preview;if(b==="none"){return}if(b==="TeX"){b=[this.filterPreview(a)]}if(b){b=MathJax.HTML.Element("span",{className:MathJax.Hub.config.preRemoveClass},b);this.insertNode(b)}},createMathTag:function(c,b){var a=document.createElement("script");a.type="math/tex"+c;MathJax.HTML.setScript(a,b);this.insertNode(a);return a},filterPreview:function(a){return a},msieNewlineBug:(MathJax.Hub.Browser.isMSIE&&document.documentMode<9)};MathJax.Hub.Register.PreProcessor(["PreProcess",MathJax.Extension.tex2jax]);MathJax.Ajax.loadComplete("[MathJax]/extensions/tex2jax.js");
(function(d,h,l,g,m,b,j){var q="2.3";var i=MathJax.Extension;var c=i.MathEvents={version:q};var k=d.config.menuSettings;var p={hover:500,frame:{x:3.5,y:5,bwidth:1,bcolor:"#A6D",hwidth:"15px",hcolor:"#83A"},button:{x:-4,y:-3,wx:-2,src:l.fileURL(b.imageDir+"/MenuArrow-15.png")},fadeinInc:0.2,fadeoutInc:0.05,fadeDelay:50,fadeoutStart:400,fadeoutDelay:15*1000,styles:{".MathJax_Hover_Frame":{"border-radius":".25em","-webkit-border-radius":".25em","-moz-border-radius":".25em","-khtml-border-radius":".25em","box-shadow":"0px 0px 15px #83A","-webkit-box-shadow":"0px 0px 15px #83A","-moz-box-shadow":"0px 0px 15px #83A","-khtml-box-shadow":"0px 0px 15px #83A",border:"1px solid #A6D ! important",display:"inline-block",position:"absolute"},".MathJax_Hover_Arrow":{position:"absolute",width:"15px",height:"11px",cursor:"pointer"}}};var n=c.Event={LEFTBUTTON:0,RIGHTBUTTON:2,MENUKEY:"altKey",Mousedown:function(r){return n.Handler(r,"Mousedown",this)},Mouseup:function(r){return n.Handler(r,"Mouseup",this)},Mousemove:function(r){return n.Handler(r,"Mousemove",this)},Mouseover:function(r){return n.Handler(r,"Mouseover",this)},Mouseout:function(r){return n.Handler(r,"Mouseout",this)},Click:function(r){return n.Handler(r,"Click",this)},DblClick:function(r){return n.Handler(r,"DblClick",this)},Menu:function(r){return n.Handler(r,"ContextMenu",this)},Handler:function(u,s,t){if(l.loadingMathMenu){return n.False(u)}var r=b[t.jaxID];if(!u){u=window.event}u.isContextMenu=(s==="ContextMenu");if(r[s]){return r[s](u,t)}if(i.MathZoom){return i.MathZoom.HandleEvent(u,s,t)}},False:function(r){if(!r){r=window.event}if(r){if(r.preventDefault){r.preventDefault()}if(r.stopPropagation){r.stopPropagation()}r.cancelBubble=true;r.returnValue=false}return false},ContextMenu:function(u,F,x){var C=b[F.jaxID],w=C.getJaxFromMath(F);var G=(C.config.showMathMenu!=null?C:d).config.showMathMenu;if(!G||(k.context!=="MathJax"&&!x)){return}if(c.msieEventBug){u=window.event||u}n.ClearSelection();f.ClearHoverTimer();if(w.hover){if(w.hover.remove){clearTimeout(w.hover.remove);delete w.hover.remove}w.hover.nofade=true}var v=MathJax.Menu;var H,E;if(v){if(v.loadingDomain){return n.False(u)}H=m.loadDomain("MathMenu");if(!H){v.jax=w;var s=v.menu.Find("Show Math As").menu;s.items[0].name=w.sourceMenuTitle;s.items[0].format=(w.sourceMenuFormat||"MathML");s.items[1].name=j[w.inputJax].sourceMenuTitle;var B=s.items[2];B.disabled=true;var r=B.menu.items;annotationList=MathJax.Hub.Config.semanticsAnnotations;for(var A=0,z=r.length;A<z;A++){var t=r[A].name[1];if(w.root&&w.root.getAnnotation(t)!==null){B.disabled=false;r[A].hidden=false}else{r[A].hidden=true}}var y=v.menu.Find("Math Settings","MathPlayer");y.hidden=!(w.outputJax==="NativeMML"&&d.Browser.hasMathPlayer);return v.menu.Post(u)}v.loadingDomain=true;E=function(){delete v.loadingDomain}}else{if(l.loadingMathMenu){return n.False(u)}l.loadingMathMenu=true;H=l.Require("[MathJax]/extensions/MathMenu.js");E=function(){delete l.loadingMathMenu;if(!MathJax.Menu){MathJax.Menu={}}}}var D={pageX:u.pageX,pageY:u.pageY,clientX:u.clientX,clientY:u.clientY};g.Queue(H,E,["ContextMenu",n,D,F,x]);return n.False(u)},AltContextMenu:function(t,s){var u=b[s.jaxID];var r=(u.config.showMathMenu!=null?u:d).config.showMathMenu;if(r){r=(u.config.showMathMenuMSIE!=null?u:d).config.showMathMenuMSIE;if(k.context==="MathJax"&&!k.mpContext&&r){if(!c.noContextMenuBug||t.button!==n.RIGHTBUTTON){return}}else{if(!t[n.MENUKEY]||t.button!==n.LEFTBUTTON){return}}return u.ContextMenu(t,s,true)}},ClearSelection:function(){if(c.safariContextMenuBug){setTimeout("window.getSelection().empty()",0)}if(document.selection){setTimeout("document.selection.empty()",0)}},getBBox:function(t){t.appendChild(c.topImg);var s=c.topImg.offsetTop,u=t.offsetHeight-s,r=t.offsetWidth;t.removeChild(c.topImg);return{w:r,h:s,d:u}}};var f=c.Hover={Mouseover:function(t,s){if(k.discoverable||k.zoom==="Hover"){var v=t.fromElement||t.relatedTarget,u=t.toElement||t.target;if(v&&u&&(v.isMathJax!=u.isMathJax||d.getJaxFor(v)!==d.getJaxFor(u))){var r=this.getJaxFromMath(s);if(r.hover){f.ReHover(r)}else{f.HoverTimer(r,s)}return n.False(t)}}},Mouseout:function(t,s){if(k.discoverable||k.zoom==="Hover"){var v=t.fromElement||t.relatedTarget,u=t.toElement||t.target;if(v&&u&&(v.isMathJax!=u.isMathJax||d.getJaxFor(v)!==d.getJaxFor(u))){var r=this.getJaxFromMath(s);if(r.hover){f.UnHover(r)}else{f.ClearHoverTimer()}return n.False(t)}}},Mousemove:function(t,s){if(k.discoverable||k.zoom==="Hover"){var r=this.getJaxFromMath(s);if(r.hover){return}if(f.lastX==t.clientX&&f.lastY==t.clientY){return}f.lastX=t.clientX;f.lastY=t.clientY;f.HoverTimer(r,s);return n.False(t)}},HoverTimer:function(r,s){this.ClearHoverTimer();this.hoverTimer=setTimeout(g(["Hover",this,r,s]),p.hover)},ClearHoverTimer:function(){if(this.hoverTimer){clearTimeout(this.hoverTimer);delete this.hoverTimer}},Hover:function(r,v){if(i.MathZoom&&i.MathZoom.Hover({},v)){return}var u=b[r.outputJax],w=u.getHoverSpan(r,v),z=u.getHoverBBox(r,w,v),x=(u.config.showMathMenu!=null?u:d).config.showMathMenu;var B=p.frame.x,A=p.frame.y,y=p.frame.bwidth;if(c.msieBorderWidthBug){y=0}r.hover={opacity:0,id:r.inputID+"-Hover"};var s=h.Element("span",{id:r.hover.id,isMathJax:true,style:{display:"inline-block",width:0,height:0,position:"relative"}},[["span",{className:"MathJax_Hover_Frame",isMathJax:true,style:{display:"inline-block",position:"absolute",top:this.Px(-z.h-A-y-(z.y||0)),left:this.Px(-B-y+(z.x||0)),width:this.Px(z.w+2*B),height:this.Px(z.h+z.d+2*A),opacity:0,filter:"alpha(opacity=0)"}}]]);var t=h.Element("span",{isMathJax:true,id:r.hover.id+"Menu",style:{display:"inline-block","z-index":1,width:0,height:0,position:"relative"}},[["img",{className:"MathJax_Hover_Arrow",isMathJax:true,math:v,src:p.button.src,onclick:this.HoverMenu,jax:u.id,style:{left:this.Px(z.w+B+y+(z.x||0)+p.button.x),top:this.Px(-z.h-A-y-(z.y||0)-p.button.y),opacity:0,filter:"alpha(opacity=0)"}}]]);if(z.width){s.style.width=t.style.width=z.width;s.style.marginRight=t.style.marginRight="-"+z.width;s.firstChild.style.width=z.width;t.firstChild.style.left="";t.firstChild.style.right=this.Px(p.button.wx)}w.parentNode.insertBefore(s,w);if(x){w.parentNode.insertBefore(t,w)}if(w.style){w.style.position="relative"}this.ReHover(r)},ReHover:function(r){if(r.hover.remove){clearTimeout(r.hover.remove)}r.hover.remove=setTimeout(g(["UnHover",this,r]),p.fadeoutDelay);this.HoverFadeTimer(r,p.fadeinInc)},UnHover:function(r){if(!r.hover.nofade){this.HoverFadeTimer(r,-p.fadeoutInc,p.fadeoutStart)}},HoverFade:function(r){delete r.hover.timer;r.hover.opacity=Math.max(0,Math.min(1,r.hover.opacity+r.hover.inc));r.hover.opacity=Math.floor(1000*r.hover.opacity)/1000;var t=document.getElementById(r.hover.id),s=document.getElementById(r.hover.id+"Menu");t.firstChild.style.opacity=r.hover.opacity;t.firstChild.style.filter="alpha(opacity="+Math.floor(100*r.hover.opacity)+")";if(s){s.firstChild.style.opacity=r.hover.opacity;s.firstChild.style.filter=t.style.filter}if(r.hover.opacity===1){return}if(r.hover.opacity>0){this.HoverFadeTimer(r,r.hover.inc);return}t.parentNode.removeChild(t);if(s){s.parentNode.removeChild(s)}if(r.hover.remove){clearTimeout(r.hover.remove)}delete r.hover},HoverFadeTimer:function(r,t,s){r.hover.inc=t;if(!r.hover.timer){r.hover.timer=setTimeout(g(["HoverFade",this,r]),(s||p.fadeDelay))}},HoverMenu:function(r){if(!r){r=window.event}return b[this.jax].ContextMenu(r,this.math,true)},ClearHover:function(r){if(r.hover.remove){clearTimeout(r.hover.remove)}if(r.hover.timer){clearTimeout(r.hover.timer)}f.ClearHoverTimer();delete r.hover},Px:function(r){if(Math.abs(r)<0.006){return"0px"}return r.toFixed(2).replace(/\.?0+$/,"")+"px"},getImages:function(){var r=new Image();r.src=p.button.src}};var a=c.Touch={last:0,delay:500,start:function(s){var r=new Date().getTime();var t=(r-a.last<a.delay&&a.up);a.last=r;a.up=false;if(t){a.timeout=setTimeout(a.menu,a.delay,s,this);s.preventDefault()}},end:function(s){var r=new Date().getTime();a.up=(r-a.last<a.delay);if(a.timeout){clearTimeout(a.timeout);delete a.timeout;a.last=0;a.up=false;s.preventDefault();return n.Handler((s.touches[0]||s.touch),"DblClick",this)}},menu:function(s,r){delete a.timeout;a.last=0;a.up=false;return n.Handler((s.touches[0]||s.touch),"ContextMenu",r)}};if(d.Browser.isMobile){var o=p.styles[".MathJax_Hover_Arrow"];o.width="25px";o.height="18px";p.button.x=-6}d.Browser.Select({MSIE:function(r){var t=(document.documentMode||0);var s=r.versionAtLeast("8.0");c.msieBorderWidthBug=(document.compatMode==="BackCompat");c.msieEventBug=r.isIE9;c.msieAlignBug=(!s||t<8);if(t<9){n.LEFTBUTTON=1}},Safari:function(r){c.safariContextMenuBug=true},Opera:function(r){c.operaPositionBug=true},Konqueror:function(r){c.noContextMenuBug=true}});c.topImg=(c.msieAlignBug?h.Element("img",{style:{width:0,height:0,position:"relative"},src:"about:blank"}):h.Element("span",{style:{width:0,height:0,display:"inline-block"}}));if(c.operaPositionBug){c.topImg.style.border="1px solid"}c.config=p=d.CombineConfig("MathEvents",p);var e=function(){var r=p.styles[".MathJax_Hover_Frame"];r.border=p.frame.bwidth+"px solid "+p.frame.bcolor+" ! important";r["box-shadow"]=r["-webkit-box-shadow"]=r["-moz-box-shadow"]=r["-khtml-box-shadow"]="0px 0px "+p.frame.hwidth+" 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(function(a,d,f,c,j){var k="2.3";var i=a.CombineConfig("MathZoom",{styles:{"#MathJax_Zoom":{position:"absolute","background-color":"#F0F0F0",overflow:"auto",display:"block","z-index":301,padding:".5em",border:"1px solid black",margin:0,"font-weight":"normal","font-style":"normal","text-align":"left","text-indent":0,"text-transform":"none","line-height":"normal","letter-spacing":"normal","word-spacing":"normal","word-wrap":"normal","white-space":"nowrap","float":"none","box-shadow":"5px 5px 15px #AAAAAA","-webkit-box-shadow":"5px 5px 15px #AAAAAA","-moz-box-shadow":"5px 5px 15px #AAAAAA","-khtml-box-shadow":"5px 5px 15px #AAAAAA",filter:"progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.dropshadow(OffX=2, OffY=2, Color='gray', Positive='true')"},"#MathJax_ZoomOverlay":{position:"absolute",left:0,top:0,"z-index":300,display:"inline-block",width:"100%",height:"100%",border:0,padding:0,margin:0,"background-color":"white",opacity:0,filter:"alpha(opacity=0)"},"#MathJax_ZoomFrame":{position:"relative",display:"inline-block",height:0,width:0},"#MathJax_ZoomEventTrap":{position:"absolute",left:0,top:0,"z-index":302,display:"inline-block",border:0,padding:0,margin:0,"background-color":"white",opacity:0,filter:"alpha(opacity=0)"}}});var e,b,g;MathJax.Hub.Register.StartupHook("MathEvents Ready",function(){g=MathJax.Extension.MathEvents.Event;e=MathJax.Extension.MathEvents.Event.False;b=MathJax.Extension.MathEvents.Hover});var h=MathJax.Extension.MathZoom={version:k,settings:a.config.menuSettings,scrollSize:18,HandleEvent:function(n,l,m){if(h.settings.CTRL&&!n.ctrlKey){return true}if(h.settings.ALT&&!n.altKey){return true}if(h.settings.CMD&&!n.metaKey){return true}if(h.settings.Shift&&!n.shiftKey){return true}if(!h[l]){return true}return h[l](n,m)},Click:function(m,l){if(this.settings.zoom==="Click"){return this.Zoom(m,l)}},DblClick:function(m,l){if(this.settings.zoom==="Double-Click"||this.settings.zoom==="DoubleClick"){return this.Zoom(m,l)}},Hover:function(m,l){if(this.settings.zoom==="Hover"){this.Zoom(m,l);return true}return false},Zoom:function(n,s){this.Remove();b.ClearHoverTimer();g.ClearSelection();var q=MathJax.OutputJax[s.jaxID];var o=q.getJaxFromMath(s);if(o.hover){b.UnHover(o)}var l=Math.floor(0.85*document.body.clientWidth),r=Math.floor(0.85*Math.max(document.body.clientHeight,document.documentElement.clientHeight));var m=d.Element("span",{id:"MathJax_ZoomFrame"},[["span",{id:"MathJax_ZoomOverlay",onmousedown:this.Remove}],["span",{id:"MathJax_Zoom",onclick:this.Remove,style:{visibility:"hidden",fontSize:this.settings.zscale,"max-width":l+"px","max-height":r+"px"}},[["span",{style:{display:"inline-block","white-space":"nowrap"}}]]]]);var x=m.lastChild,u=x.firstChild,p=m.firstChild;s.parentNode.insertBefore(m,s);s.parentNode.insertBefore(s,m);if(u.addEventListener){u.addEventListener("mousedown",this.Remove,true)}if(this.msieTrapEventBug){var w=d.Element("span",{id:"MathJax_ZoomEventTrap",onmousedown:this.Remove});m.insertBefore(w,x)}if(this.msieZIndexBug){var t=d.addElement(document.body,"img",{src:"about:blank",id:"MathJax_ZoomTracker",width:0,height:0,style:{width:0,height:0,position:"relative"}});m.style.position="relative";m.style.zIndex=i.styles["#MathJax_ZoomOverlay"]["z-index"];m=t}var v=q.Zoom(o,u,s,l,r);if(this.msiePositionBug){if(this.msieSizeBug){x.style.height=v.zH+"px";x.style.width=v.zW+"px"}if(x.offsetHeight>r){x.style.height=r+"px";x.style.width=(v.zW+this.scrollSize)+"px"}if(x.offsetWidth>l){x.style.width=l+"px";x.style.height=(v.zH+this.scrollSize)+"px"}}if(this.operaPositionBug){x.style.width=Math.min(l,v.zW)+"px"}if(x.offsetWidth&&x.offsetWidth<l&&x.offsetHeight<r){x.style.overflow="visible"}this.Position(x,v);if(this.msieTrapEventBug){w.style.height=x.clientHeight+"px";w.style.width=x.clientWidth+"px";w.style.left=(parseFloat(x.style.left)+x.clientLeft)+"px";w.style.top=(parseFloat(x.style.top)+x.clientTop)+"px"}x.style.visibility="";if(this.settings.zoom==="Hover"){p.onmouseover=this.Remove}if(window.addEventListener){addEventListener("resize",this.Resize,false)}else{if(window.attachEvent){attachEvent("onresize",this.Resize)}else{this.onresize=window.onresize;window.onresize=this.Resize}}a.signal.Post(["math zoomed",o]);return e(n)},Position:function(p,r){var q=this.Resize(),m=q.x,s=q.y,l=r.mW;var o=-l-Math.floor((p.offsetWidth-l)/2),n=r.Y;p.style.left=Math.max(o,10-m)+"px";p.style.top=Math.max(n,10-s)+"px";if(!h.msiePositionBug){h.SetWH()}},Resize:function(m){if(h.onresize){h.onresize(m)}var r=document.getElementById("MathJax_ZoomFrame"),l=document.getElementById("MathJax_ZoomOverlay");var o=h.getXY(r);var n=r.parentNode,q=h.getOverflow(n);while(n.parentNode&&n!==document.body&&q==="visible"){n=n.parentNode;q=h.getOverflow(n)}if(q!=="visible"){l.scroll_parent=n;var p=h.getXY(n);o.x-=p.x;o.y-=p.y;p=h.getBorder(n);o.x-=p.x;o.y-=p.y}l.style.left=(-o.x)+"px";l.style.top=(-o.y)+"px";if(h.msiePositionBug){setTimeout(h.SetWH,0)}else{h.SetWH()}return o},SetWH:function(){var l=document.getElementById("MathJax_ZoomOverlay");l.style.width=l.style.height="1px";var m=l.scroll_parent||document.documentElement||document.body;l.style.width=m.scrollWidth+"px";l.style.height=Math.max(m.clientHeight,m.scrollHeight)+"px"},getOverflow:(window.getComputedStyle?function(l){return getComputedStyle(l).overflow}:function(l){return(l.currentStyle||{overflow:"visible"}).overflow}),getBorder:function(o){var m={thin:1,medium:2,thick:3};var n=(window.getComputedStyle?getComputedStyle(o):(o.currentStyle||{borderLeftWidth:0,borderTopWidth:0}));var l=n.borderLeftWidth,p=n.borderTopWidth;if(m[l]){l=m[l]}else{l=parseInt(l)}if(m[p]){p=m[p]}else{p=parseInt(p)}return{x:l,y:p}},getXY:function(o){var l=0,n=0,m;m=o;while(m.offsetParent){l+=m.offsetLeft;m=m.offsetParent}if(h.operaPositionBug){o.style.border="1px solid"}m=o;while(m.offsetParent){n+=m.offsetTop;m=m.offsetParent}if(h.operaPositionBug){o.style.border=""}return{x:l,y:n}},Remove:function(n){var p=document.getElementById("MathJax_ZoomFrame");if(p){var o=MathJax.OutputJax[p.previousSibling.jaxID];var l=o.getJaxFromMath(p.previousSibling);a.signal.Post(["math unzoomed",l]);p.parentNode.removeChild(p);p=document.getElementById("MathJax_ZoomTracker");if(p){p.parentNode.removeChild(p)}if(h.operaRefreshBug){var m=d.addElement(document.body,"div",{style:{position:"fixed",left:0,top:0,width:"100%",height:"100%",backgroundColor:"white",opacity:0},id:"MathJax_OperaDiv"});document.body.removeChild(m)}if(window.removeEventListener){removeEventListener("resize",h.Resize,false)}else{if(window.detachEvent){detachEvent("onresize",h.Resize)}else{window.onresize=h.onresize;delete h.onresize}}}return e(n)}};a.Browser.Select({MSIE:function(l){var n=(document.documentMode||0);var m=(n>=9);h.msiePositionBug=!m;h.msieSizeBug=l.versionAtLeast("7.0")&&(!document.documentMode||n===7||n===8);h.msieZIndexBug=(n<=7);h.msieInlineBlockAlignBug=(n<=7);h.msieTrapEventBug=!window.addEventListener;if(document.compatMode==="BackCompat"){h.scrollSize=52}if(m){delete i.styles["#MathJax_Zoom"].filter}},Opera:function(l){h.operaPositionBug=true;h.operaRefreshBug=true}});h.topImg=(h.msieInlineBlockAlignBug?d.Element("img",{style:{width:0,height:0,position:"relative"},src:"about:blank"}):d.Element("span",{style:{width:0,height:0,display:"inline-block"}}));if(h.operaPositionBug||h.msieTopBug){h.topImg.style.border="1px solid"}MathJax.Callback.Queue(["StartupHook",MathJax.Hub.Register,"Begin Styles",{}],["Styles",f,i.styles],["Post",a.Startup.signal,"MathZoom Ready"],["loadComplete",f,"[MathJax]/extensions/MathZoom.js"])})(MathJax.Hub,MathJax.HTML,MathJax.Ajax,MathJax.OutputJax["HTML-CSS"],MathJax.OutputJax.NativeMML);
(function(c,g,k,f,b){var q="2.3";var j=MathJax.Callback.Signal("menu");MathJax.Extension.MathMenu={version:q,signal:j};var o=function(r){return MathJax.Localization._.apply(MathJax.Localization,[["MathMenu",r]].concat([].slice.call(arguments,1)))};var n=c.Browser.isPC,l=c.Browser.isMSIE,e=((document.documentMode||0)>8);var i=(n?null:"5px");var p=c.CombineConfig("MathMenu",{delay:150,closeImg:k.fileURL(b.imageDir+"/CloseX-31.png"),showRenderer:true,showMathPlayer:true,showFontMenu:false,showContext:false,showDiscoverable:false,showLocale:true,showLocaleURL:false,semanticsAnnotations:{TeX:["TeX","LaTeX","application/x-tex"],StarMath:["StarMath 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#808080","-moz-box-shadow":"0px 10px 20px #808080","-khtml-box-shadow":"0px 10px 20px #808080",filter:"progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.dropshadow(OffX=2, OffY=2, Color='gray', Positive='true')"},".MathJax_Menu":{position:"absolute","background-color":"white",color:"black",width:"auto",padding:(n?"2px":"5px 0px"),border:"1px solid #CCCCCC",margin:0,cursor:"default",font:"menu","text-align":"left","text-indent":0,"text-transform":"none","line-height":"normal","letter-spacing":"normal","word-spacing":"normal","word-wrap":"normal","white-space":"nowrap","float":"none","z-index":201,"border-radius":i,"-webkit-border-radius":i,"-moz-border-radius":i,"-khtml-border-radius":i,"box-shadow":"0px 10px 20px #808080","-webkit-box-shadow":"0px 10px 20px #808080","-moz-box-shadow":"0px 10px 20px #808080","-khtml-box-shadow":"0px 10px 20px #808080",filter:"progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.dropshadow(OffX=2, OffY=2, Color='gray', Positive='true')"},".MathJax_MenuItem":{padding:(n?"2px 2em":"1px 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a=MathJax.Menu=MathJax.Object.Subclass({version:q,items:[],posted:false,title:null,margin:5,Init:function(r){this.items=[].slice.call(arguments,0)},With:function(r){if(r){c.Insert(this,r)}return this},Post:function(s,B){if(!s){s=window.event}var r=document.getElementById("MathJax_MenuFrame");if(!r){r=a.Background(this);delete m.lastItem;delete m.lastMenu;delete a.skipUp;j.Post(["post",a.jax])}var t=g.addElement(r,"div",{onmouseup:a.Mouseup,ondblclick:h,ondragstart:h,onselectstart:h,oncontextmenu:h,menuItem:this,className:"MathJax_Menu"});MathJax.Localization.setCSS(t);for(var v=0,u=this.items.length;v<u;v++){this.items[v].Create(t)}if(a.isMobile){g.addElement(t,"span",{className:"MathJax_Menu_Close",menu:B,ontouchstart:a.Close,ontouchend:h,onmousedown:a.Close,onmouseup:h},[["img",{src:p.closeImg,style:{width:"100%",height:"100%"}}]])}this.posted=true;t.style.width=(t.offsetWidth+2)+"px";var A=s.pageX,z=s.pageY;if(!A&&!z){A=s.clientX+document.body.scrollLeft+document.documentElement.scrollLeft;z=s.clientY+document.body.scrollTop+document.documentElement.scrollTop}if(!B){if(A+t.offsetWidth>document.body.offsetWidth-this.margin){A=document.body.offsetWidth-t.offsetWidth-this.margin}if(a.isMobile){A=Math.max(5,A-Math.floor(t.offsetWidth/2));z-=20}a.skipUp=s.isContextMenu}else{var w="left",C=B.offsetWidth;A=(a.isMobile?30:C-2);z=0;while(B&&B!==r){A+=B.offsetLeft;z+=B.offsetTop;B=B.parentNode}if(A+t.offsetWidth>document.body.offsetWidth-this.margin&&!a.isMobile){w="right";A=Math.max(this.margin,A-C-t.offsetWidth+6)}if(!n){t.style["borderRadiusTop"+w]=0;t.style["WebkitBorderRadiusTop"+w]=0;t.style["MozBorderRadiusTop"+w]=0;t.style["KhtmlBorderRadiusTop"+w]=0}}t.style.left=A+"px";t.style.top=z+"px";if(document.selection&&document.selection.empty){document.selection.empty()}return h(s)},Remove:function(r,s){j.Post(["unpost",a.jax]);var t=document.getElementById("MathJax_MenuFrame");if(t){t.parentNode.removeChild(t);if(this.msieFixedPositionBug){detachEvent("onresize",a.Resize)}}if(a.jax.hover){delete a.jax.hover.nofade;d.UnHover(a.jax)}return h(r)},Find:function(r){return this.FindN(1,r,[].slice.call(arguments,1))},FindId:function(r){return this.FindN(0,r,[].slice.call(arguments,1))},FindN:function(v,s,u){for(var t=0,r=this.items.length;t<r;t++){if(this.items[t].name[v]===s){if(u.length){if(!this.items[t].menu){return null}return this.items[t].menu.FindN(v,u[0],u.slice(1))}return this.items[t]}}return null},IndexOf:function(r){return this.IndexOfN(1,r)},IndexOfId:function(r){return this.IndexOfN(0,r)},IndexOfN:function(u,s){for(var t=0,r=this.items.length;t<r;t++){if(this.items[t].name[u]===s){return t}}return null}},{config:p,div:null,Close:function(r){return a.Event(r,this.menu||this.parentNode,(this.menu?"Touchend":"Remove"))},Remove:function(r){return a.Event(r,this,"Remove")},Mouseover:function(r){return a.Event(r,this,"Mouseover")},Mouseout:function(r){return a.Event(r,this,"Mouseout")},Mousedown:function(r){return a.Event(r,this,"Mousedown")},Mouseup:function(r){return a.Event(r,this,"Mouseup")},Touchstart:function(r){return a.Event(r,this,"Touchstart")},Touchend:function(r){return a.Event(r,this,"Touchend")},Event:function(t,v,r,u){if(a.skipMouseover&&r==="Mouseover"&&!u){return h(t)}if(a.skipUp){if(r.match(/Mouseup|Touchend/)){delete a.skipUp;return h(t)}if(r==="Touchstart"||(r==="Mousedown"&&!a.skipMousedown)){delete a.skipUp}}if(!t){t=window.event}var s=v.menuItem;if(s&&s[r]){return s[r](t,v)}return null},BGSTYLE:{position:"absolute",left:0,top:0,"z-index":200,width:"100%",height:"100%",border:0,padding:0,margin:0},Background:function(s){var t=g.addElement(document.body,"div",{style:this.BGSTYLE,id:"MathJax_MenuFrame"},[["div",{style:this.BGSTYLE,menuItem:s,onmousedown:this.Remove}]]);var r=t.firstChild;if(a.msieBackgroundBug){r.style.backgroundColor="white";r.style.filter="alpha(opacity=0)"}if(a.msieFixedPositionBug){t.width=t.height=0;this.Resize();attachEvent("onresize",this.Resize)}else{r.style.position="fixed"}return t},Resize:function(){setTimeout(a.SetWH,0)},SetWH:function(){var r=document.getElementById("MathJax_MenuFrame");if(r){r=r.firstChild;r.style.width=r.style.height="1px";r.style.width=document.body.scrollWidth+"px";r.style.height=document.body.scrollHeight+"px"}},saveCookie:function(){g.Cookie.Set("menu",this.cookie)},getCookie:function(){this.cookie=g.Cookie.Get("menu")},getImages:function(){if(a.isMobile){var r=new Image();r.src=p.closeImg}}});var m=a.ITEM=MathJax.Object.Subclass({name:"",Create:function(s){if(!this.hidden){var r={onmouseover:a.Mouseover,onmouseout:a.Mouseout,onmouseup:a.Mouseup,onmousedown:a.Mousedown,ondragstart:h,onselectstart:h,onselectend:h,ontouchstart:a.Touchstart,ontouchend:a.Touchend,className:"MathJax_MenuItem",menuItem:this};if(this.disabled){r.className+=" MathJax_MenuDisabled"}g.addElement(s,"div",r,this.Label(r,s))}},Name:function(){return o(this.name[0],this.name[1])},Mouseover:function(v,x){if(!this.disabled){this.Activate(x)}if(!this.menu||!this.menu.posted){var w=document.getElementById("MathJax_MenuFrame").childNodes,s=x.parentNode.childNodes;for(var t=0,r=s.length;t<r;t++){var u=s[t].menuItem;if(u&&u.menu&&u.menu.posted){u.Deactivate(s[t])}}r=w.length-1;while(r>=0&&x.parentNode.menuItem!==w[r].menuItem){w[r].menuItem.posted=false;w[r].parentNode.removeChild(w[r]);r--}if(this.Timer&&!a.isMobile){this.Timer(v,x)}}},Mouseout:function(r,s){if(!this.menu||!this.menu.posted){this.Deactivate(s)}if(this.timer){clearTimeout(this.timer);delete 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Settings","Math Renderer").hidden=!r};a.showMathPlayer=function(r){a.cookie.showMathPlayer=p.showMathPlayer=r;a.saveCookie();a.menu.Find("Math Settings","MathPlayer").hidden=!r};a.showFontMenu=function(r){a.cookie.showFontMenu=p.showFontMenu=r;a.saveCookie();a.menu.Find("Math Settings","Font Preference").hidden=!r};a.showContext=function(r){a.cookie.showContext=p.showContext=r;a.saveCookie();a.menu.Find("Math Settings","Contextual Menu").hidden=!r};a.showDiscoverable=function(r){a.cookie.showDiscoverable=p.showDiscoverable=r;a.saveCookie();a.menu.Find("Math Settings","Highlight on Hover").hidden=!r;a.menu.Find("Math Settings","discover_rule").hidden=!r};a.showLocale=function(r){a.cookie.showLocale=p.showLocale=r;a.saveCookie();a.menu.Find("Language").hidden=!r};MathJax.Hub.Register.StartupHook("HTML-CSS Jax Ready",function(){if(!MathJax.OutputJax["HTML-CSS"].config.imageFont){a.menu.Find("Math Settings","Font Preference","TeX 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m},Comment:function(l){while(this.i<this.string.length&&this.string.charAt(this.i)!="\n"){this.i++}},Hash:function(l){d.Error(["CantUseHash1","You can't use 'macro parameter character #' in math mode"])},Other:function(n){var m={stretchy:false},l;if(this.stack.env.font){m.mathvariant=this.stack.env.font}if(f.remap[n]){n=f.remap[n];if(n instanceof Array){m=n[1];n=n[0]}l=h.mo(h.entity("#x"+n)).With(m)}else{l=h.mo(n).With(m)}if(l.autoDefault("texClass",true)==""){l=h.TeXAtom(l)}this.Push(this.mmlToken(l))},SetFont:function(m,l){this.stack.env.font=l},SetStyle:function(m,l,n,o){this.stack.env.style=l;this.stack.env.level=o;this.Push(b.style().With({styles:{displaystyle:n,scriptlevel:o}}))},SetSize:function(l,m){this.stack.env.size=m;this.Push(b.style().With({styles:{mathsize:m+"em"}}))},Color:function(n){var m=this.GetArgument(n);var l=this.stack.env.color;this.stack.env.color=m;var o=this.ParseArg(n);if(l){this.stack.env.color}else{delete this.stack.env.color}this.Push(h.mstyle(o).With({mathcolor:m}))},Spacer:function(l,m){this.Push(h.mspace().With({width:m,mathsize:h.SIZE.NORMAL,scriptlevel:0}))},LeftRight:function(l){this.Push(b[l.substr(1)]().With({delim:this.GetDelimiter(l)}))},Middle:function(l){var m=this.GetDelimiter(l);if(this.stack.Top().type!=="left"){d.Error(["MisplacedMiddle","%1 must be within \\left and \\right",l])}this.Push(h.mo(m).With({stretchy:true}))},NamedFn:function(m,n){if(!n){n=m.substr(1)}var l=h.mi(n).With({texClass:h.TEXCLASS.OP});this.Push(b.fn(this.mmlToken(l)))},NamedOp:function(m,n){if(!n){n=m.substr(1)}n=n.replace(/&thinsp;/,"\u2006");var l=h.mo(n).With({movablelimits:true,movesupsub:true,form:h.FORM.PREFIX,texClass:h.TEXCLASS.OP});l.useMMLspacing&=~l.SPACE_ATTR.form;this.Push(this.mmlToken(l))},Limits:function(m,l){var n=this.stack.Prev("nopop");if(!n||n.texClass!==h.TEXCLASS.OP){d.Error(["MisplacedLimits","%1 is allowed only on operators",m])}n.movesupsub=(l?true:false);n.movablelimits=false},Over:function(n,m,o){var l=b.over().With({name:n});if(m||o){l.open=m;l.close=o}else{if(n.match(/withdelims$/)){l.open=this.GetDelimiter(n);l.close=this.GetDelimiter(n)}}if(n.match(/^\\above/)){l.thickness=this.GetDimen(n)}else{if(n.match(/^\\atop/)||m||o){l.thickness=0}}this.Push(l)},Frac:function(m){var l=this.ParseArg(m);var n=this.ParseArg(m);this.Push(h.mfrac(l,n))},Sqrt:function(o){var p=this.GetBrackets(o),l=this.GetArgument(o);if(l==="\\frac"){l+="{"+this.GetArgument(l)+"}{"+this.GetArgument(l)+"}"}var m=d.Parse(l,this.stack.env).mml();if(!p){m=h.msqrt.apply(h,m.array())}else{m=h.mroot(m,this.parseRoot(p))}this.Push(m)},Root:function(m){var o=this.GetUpTo(m,"\\of");var l=this.ParseArg(m);this.Push(h.mroot(l,this.parseRoot(o)))},parseRoot:function(q){var m=this.stack.env,l=m.inRoot;m.inRoot=true;var p=d.Parse(q,m);q=p.mml();var o=p.stack.global;if(o.leftRoot||o.upRoot){q=h.mpadded(q);if(o.leftRoot){q.width=o.leftRoot}if(o.upRoot){q.voffset=o.upRoot;q.height=o.upRoot}}m.inRoot=l;return q},MoveRoot:function(l,o){if(!this.stack.env.inRoot){d.Error(["MisplacedMoveRoot","%1 can appear only within a root",l])}if(this.stack.global[o]){d.Error(["MultipleMoveRoot","Multiple use of %1",l])}var m=this.GetArgument(l);if(!m.match(/-?[0-9]+/)){d.Error(["IntegerArg","The argument to %1 must be an integer",l])}m=(m/15)+"em";if(m.substr(0,1)!=="-"){m="+"+m}this.stack.global[o]=m},Accent:function(n,l,q){var p=this.ParseArg(n);var o={accent:true};if(this.stack.env.font){o.mathvariant=this.stack.env.font}var m=this.mmlToken(h.mo(h.entity("#x"+l)).With(o));m.stretchy=(q?true:false);this.Push(h.TeXAtom(h.munderover(p,null,m).With({accent:true})))},UnderOver:function(n,q,l){var p={o:"over",u:"under"}[n.charAt(1)];var o=this.ParseArg(n);if(o.Get("movablelimits")){o.movablelimits=false}var m=h.munderover(o,null,null);if(l){m.movesupsub=true}m.data[m[p]]=this.mmlToken(h.mo(h.entity("#x"+q)).With({stretchy:true,accent:(p=="under")}));this.Push(m)},Overset:function(l){var n=this.ParseArg(l),m=this.ParseArg(l);this.Push(h.mover(m,n))},Underset:function(l){var n=this.ParseArg(l),m=this.ParseArg(l);this.Push(h.munder(m,n))},TeXAtom:function(o,q){var p={texClass:q},n;if(q==h.TEXCLASS.OP){p.movesupsub=p.movablelimits=true;var l=this.GetArgument(o);var m=l.match(/^\s*\\rm\s+([a-zA-Z0-9 ]+)$/);if(m){p.mathvariant=h.VARIANT.NORMAL;n=b.fn(this.mmlToken(h.mi(m[1]).With(p)))}else{n=b.fn(h.TeXAtom(d.Parse(l,this.stack.env).mml()).With(p))}}else{n=h.TeXAtom(this.ParseArg(o)).With(p)}this.Push(n)},MmlToken:function(n){var o=this.GetArgument(n),l=this.GetBrackets(n,"").replace(/^\s+/,""),r=this.GetArgument(n),q={attrNames:[]},m;if(!h[o]||!h[o].prototype.isToken){d.Error(["NotMathMLToken","%1 is not a token element",o])}while(l!==""){m=l.match(/^([a-z]+)\s*=\s*(\'[^']*'|"[^"]*"|[^ 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l=h.mpadded(this.ParseArg(n));switch(m){case"b":l.depth=0;break;case"t":l.height=0;break;default:l.height=l.depth=0}this.Push(h.TeXAtom(l))},Lap:function(m){var l=h.mpadded(this.ParseArg(m)).With({width:0});if(m==="\\llap"){l.lspace="-1 width"}this.Push(h.TeXAtom(l))},RaiseLower:function(l){var m=this.GetDimen(l);var n=b.position().With({name:l,move:"vertical"});if(m.charAt(0)==="-"){m=m.slice(1);l={raise:"\\lower",lower:"\\raise"}[l.substr(1)]}if(l==="\\lower"){n.dh="-"+m;n.dd="+"+m}else{n.dh="+"+m;n.dd="-"+m}this.Push(n)},MoveLeftRight:function(l){var o=this.GetDimen(l);var n=(o.charAt(0)==="-"?o.slice(1):"-"+o);if(l==="\\moveleft"){var m=o;o=n;n=m}this.Push(b.position().With({name:l,move:"horizontal",left:h.mspace().With({width:o,mathsize:h.SIZE.NORMAL}),right:h.mspace().With({width:n,mathsize:h.SIZE.NORMAL})}))},Hskip:function(l){this.Push(h.mspace().With({width:this.GetDimen(l),mathsize:h.SIZE.NORMAL}))},Rule:function(n,p){var l=this.GetDimen(n),o=this.GetDimen(n),r=this.GetDimen(n);var m,q={width:l,height:o,depth:r};if(p!=="blank"){if(parseFloat(l)&&parseFloat(o)+parseFloat(r)){q.mathbackground=(this.stack.env.color||"black")}m=h.mpadded(h.mrow()).With(q)}else{m=h.mspace().With(q)}this.Push(m)},MakeBig:function(l,o,m){m*=f.p_height;m=String(m).replace(/(\.\d\d\d).+/,"$1")+"em";var n=this.GetDelimiter(l);this.Push(h.TeXAtom(h.mo(n).With({minsize:m,maxsize:m,fence:true,stretchy:true,symmetric:true})).With({texClass:o}))},BuildRel:function(l){var m=this.ParseUpTo(l,"\\over");var n=this.ParseArg(l);this.Push(h.TeXAtom(h.munderover(n,null,m)).With({mclass:h.TEXCLASS.REL}))},HBox:function(l,m){this.Push.apply(this,this.InternalMath(this.GetArgument(l),m))},FBox:function(l){this.Push(h.menclose.apply(h,this.InternalMath(this.GetArgument(l))).With({notation:"box"}))},Not:function(l){this.Push(b.not())},Dots:function(l){this.Push(b.dots().With({ldots:this.mmlToken(h.mo(h.entity("#x2026")).With({stretchy:false})),cdots:this.mmlToken(h.mo(h.entity("#x22EF")).With({stretchy:false}))}))},Require:function(l){var m=this.GetArgument(l).replace(/.*\//,"").replace(/[^a-z0-9_.-]/ig,"");this.Extension(null,m)},Extension:function(l,m,n){if(l&&!typeof(l)==="string"){l=l.name}m=d.extensionDir+"/"+m;if(!m.match(/\.js$/)){m+=".js"}if(!i.loaded[i.fileURL(m)]){if(l!=null){delete f[n||"macros"][l.replace(/^\\/,"")]}c.RestartAfter(i.Require(m))}},Macro:function(n,q,p,r){if(p){var m=[];if(r!=null){var l=this.GetBrackets(n);m.push(l==null?r:l)}for(var o=m.length;o<p;o++){m.push(this.GetArgument(n))}q=this.SubstituteArgs(m,q)}this.string=this.AddArgs(q,this.string.slice(this.i));this.i=0;if(++this.macroCount>d.config.MAXMACROS){d.Error(["MaxMacroSub1","MathJax maximum macro substitution count exceeded; is there a recursive macro call?"])}},Matrix:function(m,o,t,q,s,n,l,u){var r=this.GetNext();if(r===""){d.Error(["MissingArgFor","Missing argument for %1",m])}if(r==="{"){this.i++}else{this.string=r+"}"+this.string.slice(this.i+1);this.i=0}var p=b.array().With({requireClose:true,arraydef:{rowspacing:(n||"4pt"),columnspacing:(s||"1em")}});if(u){p.isCases=true}if(o||t){p.open=o;p.close=t}if(l==="D"){p.arraydef.displaystyle=true}if(q!=null){p.arraydef.columnalign=q}this.Push(p)},Entry:function(o){this.Push(b.cell().With({isEntry:true,name:o}));if(this.stack.Top().isCases){var n=this.string;var r=0,p=this.i,l=n.length;while(p<l){var s=n.charAt(p);if(s==="{"){r++;p++}else{if(s==="}"){if(r===0){l=0}else{r--;p++}}else{if(s==="&"&&r===0){d.Error(["ExtraAlignTab","Extra alignment tab in \\cases text"])}else{if(s==="\\"){if(n.substr(p).match(/^((\\cr)[^a-zA-Z]|\\\\)/)){l=0}else{p+=2}}else{p++}}}}}var q=n.substr(this.i,p-this.i);if(!q.match(/^\s*\\text[^a-zA-Z]/)){this.Push.apply(this,this.InternalMath(q));this.i=p}}},Cr:function(l){this.Push(b.cell().With({isCR:true,name:l}))},CrLaTeX:function(l){var p;if(this.string.charAt(this.i)==="["){p=this.GetBrackets(l,"").replace(/ /g,"");if(p&&!p.match(/^((-?(\.\d+|\d+(\.\d*)?))(pt|em|ex|mu|mm|cm|in|pc))$/)){d.Error(["BracketMustBeDimension","Bracket argument to %1 must be a dimension",l])}}this.Push(b.cell().With({isCR:true,name:l,linebreak:true}));var o=this.stack.Top();if(o.isa(b.array)){if(p&&o.arraydef.rowspacing){var m=o.arraydef.rowspacing.split(/ /);if(!o.rowspacing){o.rowspacing=this.dimen2em(m[0])}while(m.length<o.table.length){m.push(this.Em(o.rowspacing))}m[o.table.length-1]=this.Em(Math.max(0,o.rowspacing+this.dimen2em(p)));o.arraydef.rowspacing=m.join(" ")}}else{if(p){this.Push(h.mspace().With({depth:p}))}this.Push(h.mo().With({linebreak:h.LINEBREAK.NEWLINE}))}},emPerInch:7.2,dimen2em:function(p){var n=p.match(/^(-?(?:\.\d+|\d+(?:\.\d*)?))(pt|em|ex|mu|pc|in|mm|cm)/);var l=parseFloat(n[1]||"1"),o=n[2];if(o==="em"){return l}if(o==="ex"){return l*0.43}if(o==="pt"){return l/10}if(o==="pc"){return l*1.2}if(o==="in"){return l*this.emPerInch}if(o==="cm"){return l*this.emPerInch/2.54}if(o==="mm"){return l*this.emPerInch/25.4}if(o==="mu"){return l/18}return 0},Em:function(l){if(Math.abs(l)<0.0006){return"0em"}return l.toFixed(3).replace(/\.?0+$/,"")+"em"},HLine:function(m,n){if(n==null){n="solid"}var o=this.stack.Top();if(!o.isa(b.array)||o.data.length){d.Error(["Misplaced","Misplaced %1",m])}if(o.table.length==0){o.frame.push("top")}else{var l=(o.arraydef.rowlines?o.arraydef.rowlines.split(/ /):[]);while(l.length<o.table.length){l.push("none")}l[o.table.length-1]=n;o.arraydef.rowlines=l.join(" ")}},Begin:function(m){var n=this.GetArgument(m);if(n.match(/[^a-z*]/i)){d.Error(["InvalidEnv","Invalid environment name '%1'",n])}var o=this.envFindName(n);if(!o){d.Error(["UnknownEnv","Unknown environment '%1'",n])}if(++this.macroCount>d.config.MAXMACROS){d.Error(["MaxMacroSub2","MathJax maximum substitution count exceeded; is there a recursive latex environment?"])}if(!(o instanceof Array)){o=[o]}var l=b.begin().With({name:n,end:o[1],parse:this});if(o[0]&&this[o[0]]){l=this[o[0]].apply(this,[l].concat(o.slice(2)))}this.Push(l)},End:function(l){this.Push(b.end().With({name:this.GetArgument(l)}))},envFindName:function(l){return f.environment[l]},Equation:function(l,m){return m},ExtensionEnv:function(m,l){this.Extension(m.name,l,"environment")},Array:function(m,o,t,r,s,n,l,p){if(!r){r=this.GetArgument("\\begin{"+m.name+"}")}var u=("c"+r).replace(/[^clr|:]/g,"").replace(/[^|:]([|:])+/g,"$1");r=r.replace(/[^clr]/g,"").split("").join(" ");r=r.replace(/l/g,"left").replace(/r/g,"right").replace(/c/g,"center");var q=b.array().With({arraydef:{columnalign:r,columnspacing:(s||"1em"),rowspacing:(n||"4pt")}});if(u.match(/[|:]/)){if(u.charAt(0).match(/[|:]/)){q.frame.push("left");q.frame.dashed=u.charAt(0)===":"}if(u.charAt(u.length-1).match(/[|:]/)){q.frame.push("right")}u=u.substr(1,u.length-2);q.arraydef.columnlines=u.split("").join(" ").replace(/[^|: ]/g,"none").replace(/\|/g,"solid").replace(/:/g,"dashed")}if(o){q.open=this.convertDelimiter(o)}if(t){q.close=this.convertDelimiter(t)}if(l==="D"){q.arraydef.displaystyle=true}else{if(l){q.arraydef.displaystyle=false}}if(l==="S"){q.arraydef.scriptlevel=1}if(p){q.arraydef.useHeight=false}this.Push(m);return q},AlignedArray:function(l){var m=this.GetBrackets("\\begin{"+l.name+"}");return this.setArrayAlign(this.Array.apply(this,arguments),m)},setArrayAlign:function(m,l){l=this.trimSpaces(l||"");if(l==="t"){m.arraydef.align="baseline 1"}else{if(l==="b"){m.arraydef.align="baseline -1"}else{if(l==="c"){m.arraydef.align="center"}else{if(l){m.arraydef.align=l}}}}return m},convertDelimiter:function(l){if(l){l=f.delimiter[l]}if(l==null){return null}if(l instanceof Array){l=l[0]}if(l.length===4){l=String.fromCharCode(parseInt(l,16))}return l},trimSpaces:function(l){if(typeof(l)!="string"){return l}return l.replace(/^\s+|\s+$/g,"")},nextIsSpace:function(){return this.string.charAt(this.i).match(/[ \n\r\t]/)},GetNext:function(){while(this.nextIsSpace()){this.i++}return this.string.charAt(this.i)},GetCS:function(){var l=this.string.slice(this.i).match(/^([a-z]+|.) ?/i);if(l){this.i+=l[1].length;return l[1]}else{this.i++;return" "}},GetArgument:function(m,n){switch(this.GetNext()){case"":if(!n){d.Error(["MissingArgFor","Missing argument for %1",m])}return null;case"}":if(!n){d.Error(["ExtraCloseMissingOpen","Extra close brace or missing open brace"])}return null;case"\\":this.i++;return"\\"+this.GetCS();case"{":var l=++this.i,o=1;while(this.i<this.string.length){switch(this.string.charAt(this.i++)){case"\\":this.i++;break;case"{":o++;break;case"}":if(--o==0){return this.string.slice(l,this.i-1)}break}}d.Error(["MissingCloseBrace","Missing close brace"]);break}return this.string.charAt(this.i++)},GetBrackets:function(m,o){if(this.GetNext()!="["){return o}var l=++this.i,n=0;while(this.i<this.string.length){switch(this.string.charAt(this.i++)){case"{":n++;break;case"\\":this.i++;break;case"}":if(n--<=0){d.Error(["ExtraCloseLooking","Extra close brace while looking for %1","']'"])}break;case"]":if(n==0){return this.string.slice(l,this.i-1)}break}}d.Error(["MissingCloseBracket","Couldn't find closing ']' for 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m=this.i,l,q,p=0;while(this.i<this.string.length){l=this.i;q=this.string.charAt(this.i++);switch(q){case"\\":q+=this.GetCS();break;case"{":p++;break;case"}":if(p==0){d.Error(["ExtraCloseLooking","Extra close brace while looking for %1",o])}p--;break}if(p==0&&q==o){return this.string.slice(m,l)}}d.Error(["TokenNotFoundForCommand","Couldn't find %1 for %2",o,n])},ParseArg:function(l){return d.Parse(this.GetArgument(l),this.stack.env).mml()},ParseUpTo:function(l,m){return d.Parse(this.GetUpTo(l,m),this.stack.env).mml()},InternalMath:function(q,s){var p={displaystyle:false};if(s!=null){p.scriptlevel=s}if(this.stack.env.font){p.mathvariant=this.stack.env.font}if(!q.match(/\\?\$|\\\(|\\(eq)?ref\s*\{/)){return[this.InternalText(q,p)]}var o=0,l=0,r,n="";var 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c=a.mo.OPTYPES.REL;MathJax.Hub.Insert(a.mo.prototype,{OPTABLE:{infix:{"\u2322":c,"\u2323":c,"\u25B3":c,"\uE006":c,"\uE007":c,"\uE00C":c,"\uE00D":c,"\uE00E":c,"\uE00F":c,"\uE010":c,"\uE011":c,"\uE016":c,"\uE017":c,"\uE018":c,"\uE019":c,"\uE01A":c,"\uE01B":c,"\uE04B":c,"\uE04F":c}}});MathJax.Hub.Startup.signal.Post("TeX AMSsymbols Ready")});MathJax.Ajax.loadComplete("[MathJax]/extensions/TeX/AMSsymbols.js");
(function(h,b,d){var g,i=b.Browser.isMobile;var e=function(){var k=[].slice.call(arguments,0);k[0][0]=["HTML-CSS",k[0][0]];return MathJax.Message.Set.apply(MathJax.Message,k)};var f=MathJax.Object.Subclass({timeout:(i?15:8)*1000,FontInfo:{STIX:{family:"STIXSizeOneSym",testString:"() {} []"},TeX:{family:"MathJax_Size1",testString:"() {} []"},"STIX-Web":{family:"STIXWeb_Size1",testString:"() {} []"},"Asana-Math":{family:"AsanaMath_Size1",testString:"() {} []"},"Gyre-Pagella":{family:"GyrePagella_Size1",testString:"() {} []"},"Gyre-Termes":{family:"GyreTermes_Size1",testString:"() {} []"},"Latin-Modern":{family:"LatinModern_Size1",testString:"() {} []"},"Neo-Euler":{family:"NeoEuler_Size1",testString:"() {} 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o=document.location.protocol+"//"+document.location.hostname;if(document.location.port!=""){o+=":"+document.location.port}o+="/";if(h.fileURL(d.webfontDir).substr(0,o.length)!==o){this.firefoxFontError(m)}}if(!this.webFontLoaded){d.loadWebFontError(m,l)}else{l()}},loadError:function(k){e(["CantLoadWebFont","Can't load web font %1",d.fontInUse+"/"+k.directory],null,2000);b.Startup.signal.Post(["HTML-CSS Jax - web font error",d.fontInUse+"/"+k.directory,k])},firefoxFontError:function(k){e(["FirefoxCantLoadWebFont","Firefox can't load web fonts from a remote host"],null,3000);b.Startup.signal.Post("HTML-CSS Jax - Firefox web fonts on remote host error")},checkWebFont:function(k,l,m){if(k.time(m)){return}if(d.Font.testFont(l)){m(k.STATUS.OK)}else{setTimeout(k,k.delay)}},fontFace:function(m){var n=d.allowWebFonts;var p=d.FONTDATA.FONTS[m];if(d.msieFontCSSBug&&!p.family.match(/-Web$/)){p.family+="-Web"}var l=h.fileURL(d.webfontDir+"/"+n);var k=m.replace(/-b/,"-B").replace(/-i/,"-I").replace(/-Bold-/,"-Bold");if(!k.match(/-/)){k+="-Regular"}if(n==="svg"){k+=".svg#"+k}else{k+="."+n}var o={"font-family":p.family,src:"url('"+l+"/"+k+"')"};if(n==="otf"){o.src+=" format('opentype')";l=h.fileURL(d.webfontDir+"/woff");o.src="url('"+l+"/"+k.replace(/otf$/,"woff")+"') format('woff'), "+o.src}else{if(n!=="eot"){o.src+=" format('"+n+"')"}}if(!(d.FontFaceBug&&p.isWebFont)){if(m.match(/-bold/)){o["font-weight"]="bold"}if(m.match(/-italic/)){o["font-style"]="italic"}}return o}});var 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k=(!n&&l!=null?l:0);m=this.addElement(m,"span",{noAdjust:true,HH:0,isMathJax:true,style:{display:"inline-block",position:"relative",width:(n?"100%":this.Em(k)),height:0}});if(!o){m.parentNode.bbox=m.bbox={exactW:true,h:-this.BIGDIMEN,d:-this.BIGDIMEN,w:k,lw:this.BIGDIMEN,rw:(!n&&l!=null?l:-this.BIGDIMEN)};if(n){m.bbox.width=l}}return m},createBox:function(l,k){var m=this.addElement(l,"span",{style:{position:"absolute"},isBox:true,isMathJax:true});if(k!=null){m.style.width=k}return m},addBox:function(k,l){l.style.position="absolute";l.isBox=l.isMathJax=true;return k.appendChild(l)},placeBox:function(u,s,q,o){u.isMathJax=true;var v=d.parentNode(u),C=u.bbox,z=v.bbox;if(this.msiePlaceBoxBug){this.addText(u,this.NBSP)}if(this.imgSpaceBug){this.addText(u,this.imgSpace)}var 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l={alias:k};while(l.alias){k=l.alias;l=this.FONTDATA.DELIMITERS[k];if(!l){l={HW:[0,this.FONTDATA.VARIANT[g.VARIANT.NORMAL]]}}}if(l.load){b.RestartAfter(h.Require(this.fontDir+"/fontdata-"+l.load+".js"))}for(var s=0,p=l.HW.length;s<p;s++){if(l.HW[s][0]*q>=n-0.01||(s==p-1&&!l.stretch)){if(l.HW[s][2]){q*=l.HW[s][2]}if(l.HW[s][3]){k=l.HW[s][3]}var r=this.addElement(u,"span");this.createChar(r,[k,l.HW[s][1]],q,o);u.bbox=r.bbox;u.offset=0.65*u.bbox.w;u.scale=q;return}}if(l.stretch){this["extendDelimiter"+l.dir](u,t,l.stretch,q,o)}},extendDelimiterV:function(A,t,E,F,w){var o=this.createStack(A,true);var v=this.createBox(o),u=this.createBox(o);this.createChar(v,(E.top||E.ext),F,w);this.createChar(u,(E.bot||E.ext),F,w);var m={bbox:{w:0,lw:0,rw:0}},D=m,p;var B=v.bbox.h+v.bbox.d+u.bbox.h+u.bbox.d;var 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s=(x/(x+1))*(C-l);l=C-s;r+=s+l-m.bbox.h;while(z-->0){while(x-->0){if(!this.msieCloneNodeBug){p=m.cloneNode(true)}else{p=this.Element("span");this.createChar(p,E.ext,F,w)}p.bbox=m.bbox;r-=l;this.placeBox(this.addBox(o,p),0,r,true)}r+=s-m.bbox.d;if(E.mid&&z){this.placeBox(D,0,r-D.bbox.h,true);x=q;r+=-(D.bbox.h+D.bbox.d)+s+l-m.bbox.h}}}else{r+=(B-t)/2;if(E.mid){this.placeBox(D,0,r-D.bbox.h,true);r+=-(D.bbox.h+D.bbox.d)}r+=(B-t)/2}this.placeBox(u,0,r-u.bbox.h,true);r-=u.bbox.h+u.bbox.d;A.bbox={w:Math.max(v.bbox.w,m.bbox.w,u.bbox.w,D.bbox.w),lw:Math.min(v.bbox.lw,m.bbox.lw,u.bbox.lw,D.bbox.lw),rw:Math.max(v.bbox.rw,m.bbox.rw,u.bbox.rw,D.bbox.rw),h:0,d:-r,exactW:true};A.scale=F;A.offset=0.55*A.bbox.w;A.isMultiChar=true;this.setStackWidth(o,A.bbox.w)},extendDelimiterH:function(B,o,E,G,y){var r=this.createStack(B,true);var p=this.createBox(r),C=this.createBox(r);this.createChar(p,(E.left||E.rep),G,y);this.createChar(C,(E.right||E.rep),G,y);var l=this.Element("span");this.createChar(l,E.rep,G,y);var D={bbox:{h:-this.BIGDIMEN,d:-this.BIGDIMEN}},m;this.placeBox(p,-p.bbox.lw,0,true);var u=(p.bbox.rw-p.bbox.lw)+(C.bbox.rw-C.bbox.lw)-0.05,t=p.bbox.rw-p.bbox.lw-0.025,v;if(E.mid){D=this.createBox(r);this.createChar(D,E.mid,G,y);u+=D.bbox.w}if(E.min&&o<u*E.min){o=u*E.min}if(o>u){var F=l.bbox.rw-l.bbox.lw,q=F-0.05,z,s,A=(E.mid?2:1);s=z=Math.min(Math.ceil((o-u)/(A*q)),this.maxStretchyParts);if(!E.fillExtenders){q=(o-u)/(A*z)}v=(z/(z+1))*(F-q);q=F-v;t-=l.bbox.lw+v;while(A-->0){while(z-->0){if(!this.cloneNodeBug){m=l.cloneNode(true)}else{m=this.Element("span");this.createChar(m,E.rep,G,y)}m.bbox=l.bbox;this.placeBox(this.addBox(r,m),t,0,true);t+=q}if(E.mid&&A){this.placeBox(D,t,0,true);t+=D.bbox.w-v;z=s}}}else{t-=(u-o)/2;if(E.mid){this.placeBox(D,t,0,true);t+=D.bbox.w}t-=(u-o)/2}this.placeBox(C,t,0,true);B.bbox={w:t+C.bbox.rw,lw:0,rw:t+C.bbox.rw,H:Math.max(p.bbox.h,l.bbox.h,C.bbox.h,D.bbox.h),D:Math.max(p.bbox.d,l.bbox.d,C.bbox.d,D.bbox.d),h:l.bbox.h,d:l.bbox.d,exactW:true};B.scale=G;B.isMultiChar=true;this.setStackWidth(r,B.bbox.w)},createChar:function(s,p,n,k){s.isMathJax=true;var r=s,t="",o={fonts:[p[1]],noRemap:true};if(k&&k===g.VARIANT.BOLD){o.fonts=[p[1]+"-bold",p[1]]}if(typeof(p[1])!=="string"){o=p[1]}if(p[0] instanceof Array){for(var q=0,l=p[0].length;q<l;q++){t+=String.fromCharCode(p[0][q])}}else{t=String.fromCharCode(p[0])}if(p[4]){n*=p[4]}if(n!==1||p[3]){r=this.addElement(s,"span",{style:{fontSize:this.Percent(n)},scale:n,isMathJax:true});this.handleVariant(r,o,t);s.bbox=r.bbox}else{this.handleVariant(s,o,t)}if(p[2]){s.style.marginLeft=this.Em(p[2])}if(p[3]){s.firstChild.style.verticalAlign=this.Em(p[3]);s.bbox.h+=p[3];if(s.bbox.h<0){s.bbox.h=0}}if(p[5]){s.bbox.h+=p[5]}if(p[6]){s.bbox.d+=p[6]}if(this.AccentBug&&s.bbox.w===0){r.firstChild.nodeValue+=this.NBSP}},positionDelimiter:function(l,k){k-=l.bbox.h;l.bbox.d-=k;l.bbox.h+=k;if(k){if(this.safariVerticalAlignBug||this.konquerorVerticalAlignBug||(this.operaVerticalAlignBug&&l.isMultiChar)){if(l.firstChild.style.display===""&&l.style.top!==""){l=l.firstChild;k-=d.unEm(l.style.top)}l.style.position="relative";l.style.top=this.Em(-k)}else{l.style.verticalAlign=this.Em(k);if(d.ffVerticalAlignBug){d.createRule(l.parentNode,l.bbox.h,0,0)}}}},handleVariant:function(A,p,s){var z="",x,C,t,D,k=A,l=!!A.style.fontFamily;if(s.length===0){return}if(!A.bbox){A.bbox={w:0,h:-this.BIGDIMEN,d:-this.BIGDIMEN,rw:-this.BIGDIMEN,lw:this.BIGDIMEN}}if(!p){p=this.FONTDATA.VARIANT[g.VARIANT.NORMAL]}D=p;for(var B=0,y=s.length;B<y;B++){p=D;x=s.charCodeAt(B);C=s.charAt(B);if(x>=55296&&x<56319){B++;x=(((x-55296)<<10)+(s.charCodeAt(B)-56320))+65536;if(this.FONTDATA.RemapPlane1){var E=this.FONTDATA.RemapPlane1(x,p);x=E.n;p=E.variant}}else{var u,r,v=this.FONTDATA.RANGES;for(u=0,r=v.length;u<r;u++){if(v[u].name==="alpha"&&p.noLowerCase){continue}var q=p["offset"+v[u].offset];if(q&&x>=v[u].low&&x<=v[u].high){if(v[u].remap&&v[u].remap[x]){x=q+v[u].remap[x]}else{x=x-v[u].low+q;if(v[u].add){x+=v[u].add}}if(p["variant"+v[u].offset]){p=this.FONTDATA.VARIANT[p["variant"+v[u].offset]]}break}}}if(p.remap&&p.remap[x]){if(p.remap[x] instanceof Array){var o=p.remap[x];x=o[0];p=this.FONTDATA.VARIANT[o[1]]}else{if(typeof(p.remap[x])==="string"){s=p.remap[x]+s.substr(B+1);B=0;y=s.length;x=s.charCodeAt(0)}else{x=p.remap[x];if(p.remap.variant){p=this.FONTDATA.VARIANT[p.remap.variant]}}}}if(this.FONTDATA.REMAP[x]&&!p.noRemap){x=this.FONTDATA.REMAP[x];if(x instanceof Array){p=this.FONTDATA.VARIANT[x[1]];x=x[0]}if(typeof(x)==="string"){s=x+s.substr(B+1);B=0;y=s.length;x=x.charCodeAt(0)}}t=this.lookupChar(p,x);C=t[x];if(l||(!this.checkFont(t,k.style)&&!C[5].img)){if(z.length){this.addText(k,z);z=""}var w=!!k.style.fontFamily||!!A.style.fontStyle||!!A.style.fontWeight||!t.directory||l;l=false;if(k!==A){w=!this.checkFont(t,A.style);k=A}if(w){k=this.addElement(A,"span",{isMathJax:true,subSpan:true})}this.handleFont(k,t,k!==A)}z=this.handleChar(k,t,C,x,z);if(!(C[5]||{}).space){if(C[0]/1000>A.bbox.h){A.bbox.h=C[0]/1000}if(C[1]/1000>A.bbox.d){A.bbox.d=C[1]/1000}}if(A.bbox.w+C[3]/1000<A.bbox.lw){A.bbox.lw=A.bbox.w+C[3]/1000}if(A.bbox.w+C[4]/1000>A.bbox.rw){A.bbox.rw=A.bbox.w+C[4]/1000}A.bbox.w+=C[2]/1000}if(z.length){this.addText(k,z)}if(A.scale&&A.scale!==1){A.bbox.h*=A.scale;A.bbox.d*=A.scale;A.bbox.w*=A.scale;A.bbox.lw*=A.scale;A.bbox.rw*=A.scale}if(s.length==1&&t.skew&&t.skew[x]){A.bbox.skew=t.skew[x]}},checkFont:function(k,l){var m=(l.fontWeight||"normal");if(m.match(/^\d+$/)){m=(parseInt(m)>=600?"bold":"normal")}return(k.family.replace(/'/g,"")===l.fontFamily.replace(/'/g,"")&&(k.style||"normal")===(l.fontStyle||"normal")&&(k.weight||"normal")===m)},handleFont:function(m,k,o){m.style.fontFamily=k.family;if(!k.directory){m.style.fontSize=Math.floor(100/d.scale+0.5)+"%"}if(!(d.FontFaceBug&&k.isWebFont)){var l=k.style||"normal",n=k.weight||"normal";if(l!=="normal"||o){m.style.fontStyle=l}if(n!=="normal"||o){m.style.fontWeight=n}}},handleChar:function(l,k,s,r,q){var p=s[5];if(p.space){if(q.length){this.addText(l,q)}d.createShift(l,s[2]/1000);return""}if(p.img){return this.handleImg(l,k,s,r,q)}if(p.isUnknown&&this.FONTDATA.DELIMITERS[r]){if(q.length){this.addText(l,q)}var o=l.scale;d.createDelimiter(l,r,0,1,k);if(this.FONTDATA.DELIMITERS[r].dir==="V"){l.style.verticalAlign=this.Em(l.bbox.d);l.bbox.h+=l.bbox.d;l.bbox.d=0}l.scale=o;s[0]=l.bbox.h*1000;s[1]=l.bbox.d*1000;s[2]=l.bbox.w*1000;s[3]=l.bbox.lw*1000;s[4]=l.bbox.rw*1000;return""}if(p.c==null){if(r<=65535){p.c=String.fromCharCode(r)}else{var m=r-65536;p.c=String.fromCharCode((m>>10)+55296)+String.fromCharCode((m&1023)+56320)}}if(p.rfix){this.addText(l,q+p.c);d.createShift(l,p.rfix/1000);return""}if(s[2]||!this.msieAccentBug||q.length){return q+p.c}d.createShift(l,s[3]/1000);d.createShift(l,(s[4]-s[3])/1000);this.addText(l,p.c);d.createShift(l,-s[4]/1000);return""},handleImg:function(l,k,p,o,m){return m},lookupChar:function(p,s){var o,k;if(!p.FONTS){var r=this.FONTDATA.FONTS;var q=(p.fonts||this.FONTDATA.VARIANT.normal.fonts);if(!(q instanceof Array)){q=[q]}if(p.fonts!=q){p.fonts=q}p.FONTS=[];for(o=0,k=q.length;o<k;o++){if(r[q[o]]){p.FONTS.push(r[q[o]]);r[q[o]].name=q[o]}}}for(o=0,k=p.FONTS.length;o<k;o++){var l=p.FONTS[o];if(typeof(l)==="string"){delete p.FONTS;this.loadFont(l)}if(l[s]){if(l[s].length===5){l[s][5]={}}if(d.allowWebFonts&&!l.available){this.loadWebFont(l)}else{return l}}else{this.findBlock(l,s)}}return this.unknownChar(p,s)},unknownChar:function(k,m){var l=(k.defaultFont||{family:d.config.undefinedFamily});if(k.bold){l.weight="bold"}if(k.italic){l.style="italic"}if(!l[m]){l[m]=[800,200,500,0,500,{isUnknown:true}]}b.signal.Post(["HTML-CSS Jax - unknown char",m,k]);return l},findBlock:function(l,q){if(l.Ranges){for(var p=0,k=l.Ranges.length;p<k;p++){if(q<l.Ranges[p][0]){return}if(q<=l.Ranges[p][1]){var o=l.Ranges[p][2];for(var n=l.Ranges.length-1;n>=0;n--){if(l.Ranges[n][2]==o){l.Ranges.splice(n,1)}}this.loadFont(l.directory+"/"+o+".js")}}}},loadFont:function(l){var k=MathJax.Callback.Queue();k.Push(["Require",h,this.fontDir+"/"+l]);if(this.imgFonts){if(!MathJax.isPacked){l=l.replace(/\/([^\/]*)$/,d.imgPacked+"/$1")}k.Push(["Require",h,this.webfontDir+"/png/"+l])}b.RestartAfter(k.Push({}))},loadWebFont:function(k){k.available=k.isWebFont=true;if(d.FontFaceBug){k.family=k.name;if(d.msieFontCSSBug){k.family+="-Web"}}b.RestartAfter(this.Font.loadWebFont(k))},loadWebFontError:function(l,k){b.Startup.signal.Post("HTML-CSS Jax - disable web fonts");l.isWebFont=false;if(this.config.imageFont&&this.config.imageFont===this.fontInUse){this.imgFonts=true;b.Startup.signal.Post("HTML-CSS Jax - switch to image fonts");b.Startup.signal.Post("HTML-CSS Jax - using image fonts");e(["WebFontNotAvailable","Web-Fonts not available -- using image fonts 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this.ID},MATHSPACE:{veryverythinmathspace:1/18,verythinmathspace:2/18,thinmathspace:3/18,mediummathspace:4/18,thickmathspace:5/18,verythickmathspace:6/18,veryverythickmathspace:7/18,negativeveryverythinmathspace:-1/18,negativeverythinmathspace:-2/18,negativethinmathspace:-3/18,negativemediummathspace:-4/18,negativethickmathspace:-5/18,negativeverythickmathspace:-6/18,negativeveryverythickmathspace:-7/18},TeX:{x_height:0.430554,quad:1,num1:0.676508,num2:0.393732,num3:0.44373,denom1:0.685951,denom2:0.344841,sup1:0.412892,sup2:0.362892,sup3:0.288888,sub1:0.15,sub2:0.247217,sup_drop:0.386108,sub_drop:0.05,delim1:2.39,delim2:1,axis_height:0.25,rule_thickness:0.06,big_op_spacing1:0.111111,big_op_spacing2:0.166666,big_op_spacing3:0.2,big_op_spacing4:0.6,big_op_spacing5:0.1,scriptspace:0.1,nulldelimiterspace:0.12,delimiterfactor:901,delimitershortfall:0.1,min_rule_thickness:1.25},NBSP:"\u00A0",rfuzz:0});MathJax.Hub.Register.StartupHook("mml Jax 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this.HTMLspanElement()},HTMLstretchV:function(l,k,m){return this.HTMLspanElement()},HTMLnotEmpty:function(k){while(k){if((k.type!=="mrow"&&k.type!=="texatom")||k.data.length>1){return true}k=k.data[0]}return false},HTMLmeasureChild:function(l,k){if(this.data[l]){d.Measured(this.data[l].toHTML(k),k)}else{k.bbox=this.HTMLzeroBBox()}},HTMLboxChild:function(l,k){if(!this.data[l]){this.SetData(l,g.mrow())}return this.data[l].toHTML(k)},HTMLcreateSpan:function(k){if(this.spanID){var l=this.HTMLspanElement();if(l&&(l.parentNode===k||(l.parentNode||{}).parentNode===k)){while(l.firstChild){l.removeChild(l.firstChild)}l.bbox=this.HTMLzeroBBox();l.scale=1;l.isMultChar=l.HH=null;l.style.cssText="";return l}}if(this.href){k=d.addElement(k,"a",{href:this.href,isMathJax:true})}k=d.addElement(k,"span",{className:this.type,isMathJax:true});if(d.imgHeightBug){k.style.display="inline-block"}if(this["class"]){k.className+=" 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p=this.data[1].toHTML(m);p.style.paddingRight=p.style.paddingLeft="";d.Measured(p,m)}else{m.bbox=this.HTMLzeroBBox()}var n=this.HTMLrootHeight(l.bbox.h+l.bbox.d,k,m)-o;var r=Math.min(m.bbox.w,m.bbox.rw);q=Math.max(r,l.offset);d.placeBox(m,q-r,n);return q-l.offset},HTMLrootHeight:function(m,l,k){return 0.45*(m-0.9*l)+0.6*l+Math.max(0,k.bbox.d-0.075)}});g.mfenced.Augment({toHTML:function(o){o=this.HTMLcreateSpan(o);if(this.data.open){this.data.open.toHTML(o)}if(this.data[0]!=null){this.data[0].toHTML(o)}for(var l=1,k=this.data.length;l<k;l++){if(this.data[l]){if(this.data["sep"+l]){this.data["sep"+l].toHTML(o)}this.data[l].toHTML(o)}}if(this.data.close){this.data.close.toHTML(o)}var q=this.HTMLcomputeBBox(o);var n=o.bbox.h,p=o.bbox.d;for(l=0,k=q.length;l<k;l++){q[l].HTMLstretchV(o,n,p)}if(q.length){this.HTMLcomputeBBox(o,true)}this.HTMLhandleSpace(o);this.HTMLhandleColor(o);return o},HTMLcomputeBBox:function(p,o){var l=p.bbox={},q=[];this.HTMLcheckStretchy(this.data.open,l,q,o);this.HTMLcheckStretchy(this.data[0],l,q,o);for(var n=1,k=this.data.length;n<k;n++){if(this.data[n]){this.HTMLcheckStretchy(this.data["sep"+n],l,q,o);this.HTMLcheckStretchy(this.data[n],l,q,o)}}this.HTMLcheckStretchy(this.data.close,l,q,o);this.HTMLcleanBBox(l);return q},HTMLcheckStretchy:function(k,l,n,m){if(k){if(!m&&k.HTMLcanStretch("Vertical")){n.push(k);k=(k.CoreMO()||k)}this.HTMLcombineBBoxes(k,l)}}});g.menclose.Augment({toHTML:g.mbase.HTMLautoload});g.maction.Augment({toHTML:g.mbase.HTMLautoload});g.semantics.Augment({toHTML:function(l,k,m){l=this.HTMLcreateSpan(l);if(this.data[0]!=null){var n=this.data[0].toHTML(l);if(m!=null){this.data[0].HTMLstretchV(l,k,m)}else{if(k!=null){this.data[0].HTMLstretchH(l,k)}}l.bbox=n.bbox}this.HTMLhandleSpace(l);return l},HTMLstretchH:g.mbase.HTMLstretchH,HTMLstretchV:g.mbase.HTMLstretchV});g.munderover.Augment({toHTML:function(L,H,F){var l=this.getValues("displaystyle","accent","accentunder","align");if(!l.displaystyle&&this.data[this.base]!=null&&this.data[this.base].CoreMO().Get("movablelimits")){return g.msubsup.prototype.toHTML.call(this,L)}L=this.HTMLcreateSpan(L);var P=this.HTMLgetScale();var q=d.createStack(L);var r=[],o=[],N=[],w,M,I;for(M=0,I=this.data.length;M<I;M++){if(this.data[M]!=null){w=r[M]=d.createBox(q);o[M]=this.data[M].toHTML(w);if(M==this.base){if(F!=null){this.data[this.base].HTMLstretchV(w,H,F)}else{if(H!=null){this.data[this.base].HTMLstretchH(w,H)}}N[M]=(F==null&&H!=null?false:this.data[M].HTMLcanStretch("Horizontal"))}else{N[M]=this.data[M].HTMLcanStretch("Horizontal")}}}d.MeasureSpans(o);var n=-d.BIGDIMEN,K=n;for(M=0,I=this.data.length;M<I;M++){if(this.data[M]){if(r[M].bbox.w>K){K=r[M].bbox.w}if(!N[M]&&K>n){n=K}}}if(F==null&&H!=null){n=H}else{if(n==-d.BIGDIMEN){n=K}}for(M=K=0,I=this.data.length;M<I;M++){if(this.data[M]){w=r[M];if(N[M]){w.bbox=this.data[M].HTMLstretchH(w,n).bbox}if(w.bbox.w>K){K=w.bbox.w}}}var E=d.TeX.rule_thickness,G=d.FONTDATA.TeX_factor;var p=r[this.base]||{bbox:this.HTMLzeroBBox()};var v,s,A,z,u,C,J,O=0;if(p.bbox.ic){O=1.3*p.bbox.ic+0.05}for(M=0,I=this.data.length;M<I;M++){if(this.data[M]!=null){w=r[M];u=d.TeX.big_op_spacing5*P;var 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z=o.bbox.h-F,y=o.bbox.d+E,M=0,G;if(o.bbox.ic){o.bbox.w-=o.bbox.ic;M=1.3*o.bbox.ic+0.05}if(this.data[this.base]&&(this.data[this.base].type==="mi"||this.data[this.base].type==="mo")){if(this.data[this.base].data.join("").length===1&&o.bbox.scale===1&&!this.data[this.base].Get("largeop")){z=y=0}}var J=this.getValues("subscriptshift","superscriptshift");J.subscriptshift=(J.subscriptshift===""?0:d.length2em(J.subscriptshift,H));J.superscriptshift=(J.superscriptshift===""?0:d.length2em(J.superscriptshift,H));if(!k){if(x){y=Math.max(y,d.TeX.sub1*N,x.bbox.h-(4/5)*L,J.subscriptshift);d.placeBox(x,o.bbox.w,-y,x.bbox)}}else{if(!x){l=this.getValues("displaystyle","texprimestyle");G=d.TeX[(l.displaystyle?"sup1":(l.texprimestyle?"sup3":"sup2"))];z=Math.max(z,G*N,k.bbox.d+(1/4)*L,J.superscriptshift);d.placeBox(k,o.bbox.w+M,z,k.bbox)}else{y=Math.max(y,d.TeX.sub2*N);var 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k=navigator.appVersion.match(/ Safari\/\d/)&&navigator.appVersion.match(/ Version\/\d/)&&navigator.vendor.match(/Apple/);var l=(navigator.appVersion.match(/ Android (\d+)\.(\d+)/));var q=(m&&p.isMobile&&((navigator.platform.match(/iPad|iPod|iPhone/)&&!p.versionAtLeast("5.0"))||(l!=null&&(l[1]<2||(l[1]==2&&l[2]<2)))));d.Augment({config:{styles:{".MathJax img, .MathJax nobr, .MathJax a":{"max-width":"5000em","max-height":"5000em"}}},rfuzz:0.011,AccentBug:true,AdjustSurd:true,negativeBBoxes:true,safariNegativeSpaceBug:true,safariVerticalAlignBug:!m,safariTextNodeBug:!n,forceReflow:true,allowWebFonts:(m&&!q?"otf":false)});if(k){d.Augment({webFontDefault:(p.isMobile?"sans-serif":"serif")})}if(p.isPC){d.Augment({adjustAvailableFonts:d.removeSTIXfonts,checkWebFontsTwice:true})}if(q){var 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