# Using dREL in PyCIFRW

## Introduction

dREL is a language for manipulating tabular data described in 1. A CIF dictionary (DDL2/DDLm) definition can contain a piece of dREL code describing how the defined data item can be calculated from other dataitem values. PyCIFRW includes a dREL parser that executes these calculations to provide missing values

## Using dREL methods

Once a dictionary containing methods is assigned to a `CifBlock` using `CifBlock.assign_dictionary`, any attempts to retrieve a missing dataname will trigger execution of the dREL method for that dataname, if available. Note that the value returned will not necessarily be a string type.

    >>> from CifFile import CifDic, CifFile
    >>> p = CifDic('pycifrw/drel/testing/cif_core.dic',grammar='STAR2')
    >>> r = CifFile('pycifrw/drel/testing/data/nick.cif',grammar='STAR2')
    >>> r = r['saly2']         # choose our testing block
    >>> r['_cell.volume']      #should be in the file already
    u'635.3'                   # Note this is a string value
    >>> del r['_cell.volume']  # remove from the CifBlock
    >>> r['_cell.volume']      # check that it is gone
    KeyError: 'No such item: _cell.volume'
    >>> r.assign_dictionary(p) # Use this dictionary for calculations
    >>> r['_cell.volume']      # Is it there now?
    635.2977003095574          # Note this is a floating-point number

## PyCIFRW extensions

PyCIFRW will understand multiple methods for a single definition, and run through each until a successful evaluation occurs. If recursion is detected (defined as a second request to evaluate a dataname in a single evaluation sequence) the current definition is abandoned and the next one tried.

## Limitations on dREL methods

dREL is a rich specification and, while the PyCIFRW implementation is relatively comprehensive, a number of functionalities are not yet implemented, and testing is not complete.

1. No standard uncertainty (su) propagation. The CIF standards provide for su, which would allow propagation. To be implemented.

2. Values that have been calculated are stored as their native type (not necessarily strings). These values may be formatted unusually (e.g. too many decimal places) when output to a file. A method will be introduced in later versions to properly format native values.

3. The Python numpy package is required for dREL-based calculations.

4. Multi-line strings in dREL are not correctly converted to Python.