/******************************************************************************
 * Top contributors (to current version):
 *   Tim King, Gereon Kremer, Morgan Deters
 *
 * This file is part of the cvc5 project.
 *
 * Copyright (c) 2009-2025 by the authors listed in the file AUTHORS
 * in the top-level source directory and their institutional affiliations.
 * All rights reserved.  See the file COPYING in the top-level source
 * directory for licensing information.
 * ****************************************************************************
 *
 * This is an implementation of the Simplex Module for the Simplex for
 * DPLL(T)decision procedure.
 *
 * This implements the Simplex module for the Simpelx for DPLL(T) decision
 * procedure.
 * See the Simplex for DPLL(T) technical report for more background.(citation?)
 * This shares with the theory a Tableau, and a PartialModel that:
 *  - satisfies the equalities in the Tableau, and
 *  - the assignment for the non-basic variables satisfies their bounds.
 * This is required to either produce a conflict or satisifying PartialModel.
 * Further, we require being told when a basic variable updates its value.
 *
 * During the Simplex search we maintain a queue of variables.
 * The queue is required to contain all of the basic variables that voilate
 * their bounds.
 * As elimination from the queue is more efficient to be done lazily,
 * we do not maintain that the queue of variables needs to be only basic
 * variables or only variables that satisfy their bounds.
 *
 * The simplex procedure roughly follows Alberto's thesis. (citation?)
 * There is one round of selecting using a heuristic pivoting rule.
 * (See PreferenceFunction Documentation for the available options.)
 * The non-basic variable is the one that appears in the fewest pivots.
 * (Bruno says that Leonardo invented this first.)
 * After this, Bland's pivot rule is invoked.
 *
 * During this process, we periodically inspect the queue of variables to
 * 1) remove now extraneous extries,
 * 2) detect conflicts that are "waiting" on the queue but may not be detected
 *    by the current queue heuristics, and
 * 3) detect multiple conflicts.
 *
 * Conflicts are greedily slackened to use the weakest bounds that still
 * produce the conflict.
 *
 * Extra things tracked atm: (Subject to change at Tim's whims)
 * - A superset of all of the newly pivoted variables.
 * - A queue of additional conflicts that were discovered by Simplex.
 *   These are theory valid and are currently turned into lemmas
 */

#include "cvc5_private.h"

#pragma once

#include "theory/arith/linear/error_set.h"
#include "theory/arith/linear/linear_equality.h"
#include "theory/arith/linear/simplex.h"
#include "theory/arith/linear/simplex_update.h"
#include "util/dense_map.h"
#include "util/statistics_stats.h"

namespace cvc5::internal {
namespace theory {
namespace arith::linear {

class FCSimplexDecisionProcedure : public SimplexDecisionProcedure{
public:
 FCSimplexDecisionProcedure(Env& env,
                            LinearEqualityModule& linEq,
                            ErrorSet& errors,
                            RaiseConflict conflictChannel,
                            TempVarMalloc tvmalloc);

 Result::Status findModel(bool exactResult) override;

 // other error variables are dropping
 WitnessImprovement dualLikeImproveError(ArithVar evar);
 WitnessImprovement primalImproveError(ArithVar evar);

 // dual like
 // - found conflict
 // - satisfied error set
 Result::Status dualLike();

private:
 static constexpr uint32_t PENALTY = 4;
 DenseMultiset d_scores;
 void decreasePenalties() { d_scores.removeOneOfEverything(); }
 uint32_t penalty(ArithVar x) const { return d_scores.count(x); }
 void setPenalty(ArithVar x, WitnessImprovement w)
 {
   if (improvement(w))
   {
     if (d_scores.count(x) > 0)
     {
       d_scores.removeAll(x);
     }
   }
   else
   {
     d_scores.setCount(x, PENALTY);
   }
 }

  /** The size of the focus set. */
  uint32_t d_focusSize;

  /** The current error focus variable. */
  ArithVar d_focusErrorVar;

  /**
   * The signs of the coefficients in the focus set.
   * This is empty until this has been loaded.
   */
  DenseMap<const Rational*> d_focusCoefficients;

  /**
   * Loads the signs of the coefficients of the variables on the row d_focusErrorVar
   * into d_focusSgns.
   */
  void loadFocusSigns();

  /** Unloads the information from d_focusSgns. */
  void unloadFocusSigns();

  /**
   * The signs of a variable in the row of d_focusErrorVar.
   * d_focusSgns must be loaded.
   */
  const Rational& focusCoefficient(ArithVar nb) const;

  int32_t d_pivotBudget;

  WitnessImprovement d_prevWitnessImprovement;
  uint32_t d_witnessImprovementInARow;

  uint32_t degeneratePivotsInARow() const;

  static constexpr uint32_t s_focusThreshold = 6;
  static constexpr uint32_t s_maxDegeneratePivotsBeforeBlandsOnLeaving = 100;
  static constexpr uint32_t s_maxDegeneratePivotsBeforeBlandsOnEntering = 10;

  DenseMap<uint32_t> d_leavingCountSinceImprovement;
  void increaseLeavingCount(ArithVar x){
    if(!d_leavingCountSinceImprovement.isKey(x)){
      d_leavingCountSinceImprovement.set(x,1);
    }else{
      (d_leavingCountSinceImprovement.get(x))++;
    }
  }
  LinearEqualityModule::UpdatePreferenceFunction selectLeavingFunction(ArithVar x){
    bool useBlands = d_leavingCountSinceImprovement.isKey(x) &&
      d_leavingCountSinceImprovement[x] >= s_maxDegeneratePivotsBeforeBlandsOnEntering;
    if(useBlands) {
      return &LinearEqualityModule::preferWitness<false>;
    } else {
      return &LinearEqualityModule::preferWitness<true>;
    }
  }

  bool debugDualLike(WitnessImprovement w, std::ostream& out,
                     uint32_t prevFocusSize, uint32_t prevErrorSize) const;

  void debugPrintSignal(ArithVar updated) const;

  ArithVarVec d_sgnDisagreements;

  void logPivot(WitnessImprovement w);

  void updateAndSignal(const UpdateInfo& selected, WitnessImprovement w);

  UpdateInfo selectPrimalUpdate(ArithVar error,
                                LinearEqualityModule::UpdatePreferenceFunction upf,
                                LinearEqualityModule::VarPreferenceFunction bpf);


  UpdateInfo selectUpdateForDualLike(ArithVar basic){
    TimerStat::CodeTimer codeTimer(d_statistics.d_selectUpdateForDualLike);

    LinearEqualityModule::UpdatePreferenceFunction upf =
      &LinearEqualityModule::preferWitness<true>;
    LinearEqualityModule::VarPreferenceFunction bpf =
      &LinearEqualityModule::minVarOrder;
    return selectPrimalUpdate(basic, upf, bpf);
  }

  UpdateInfo selectUpdateForPrimal(ArithVar basic, bool useBlands){
    TimerStat::CodeTimer codeTimer(d_statistics.d_selectUpdateForPrimal);

    LinearEqualityModule::UpdatePreferenceFunction upf;
    if(useBlands) {
      upf = &LinearEqualityModule::preferWitness<false>;
    } else {
      upf = &LinearEqualityModule::preferWitness<true>;
    }

    LinearEqualityModule::VarPreferenceFunction bpf = useBlands ?
      &LinearEqualityModule::minVarOrder :
      &LinearEqualityModule::minRowLength;

    return selectPrimalUpdate(basic, upf, bpf);
  }
  WitnessImprovement selectFocusImproving() ;

  WitnessImprovement focusUsingSignDisagreements(ArithVar basic);
  WitnessImprovement focusDownToLastHalf();
  WitnessImprovement adjustFocusShrank(const ArithVarVec& drop);
  WitnessImprovement focusDownToJust(ArithVar v);


  void adjustFocusAndError(const UpdateInfo& up, const AVIntPairVec& focusChanges);

  /**
   * This is the main simplex for DPLL(T) loop.
   * It runs for at most maxIterations.
   *
   * Returns true iff it has found a conflict.
   * d_conflictVariable will be set and the conflict for this row is reported.
   */
  bool searchForFeasibleSolution(uint32_t maxIterations);

  bool initialProcessSignals(){
    TimerStat &timer = d_statistics.d_initialSignalsTime;
    IntStat& conflictStat  = d_statistics.d_initialConflicts;
    bool res = standardProcessSignals(timer, conflictStat);
    d_focusSize = d_errorSet.focusSize();
    return res;
  }

  static bool debugCheckWitness(const UpdateInfo& inf, WitnessImprovement w, bool useBlands);

  /** These fields are designed to be accessible to TheoryArith methods. */
  class Statistics {
  public:
    TimerStat d_initialSignalsTime;
    IntStat d_initialConflicts;

    IntStat d_fcFoundUnsat;
    IntStat d_fcFoundSat;
    IntStat d_fcMissed;

    TimerStat d_fcTimer;
    TimerStat d_fcFocusConstructionTimer;

    TimerStat d_selectUpdateForDualLike;
    TimerStat d_selectUpdateForPrimal;

    ReferenceStat<uint32_t> d_finalCheckPivotCounter;

    Statistics(StatisticsRegistry& sr,
               const std::string& name,
               uint32_t& pivots);
  } d_statistics;
};/* class FCSimplexDecisionProcedure */

}  // namespace arith
}  // namespace theory
}  // namespace cvc5::internal
