LilyPond snippets: Percussion

# Percussion

Percussion

## Escritura de partes de percusión

Mediante la utilización de las potentes herramientas preconfiguradas como la función `\drummode` y el contexto `DrumStaff`, la introducción de partes para percusión es muy fácil: las percusiones se sitúan en sus propias posiciones de pentagrama (con una clave especial) y tienen las cabezas correspondientes al instrumento. Es posible añadir un símbolo adicional a la percusión o reducir el número de líneas.

    drh = \drummode {
            cymc4.^"crash" hhc16^"h.h." hh hhc8 hho hhc8 hh16 hh
            hhc4 r4 r2
          }
    drl = \drummode {
            bd4 sn8 bd bd4 << bd ss >>
            bd8 tommh tommh bd toml toml bd tomfh16 tomfh
          }
    timb = \drummode {
             timh4 ssh timl8 ssh r timh r4
             ssh8 timl r4 cb8 cb
           }

    \score {
      <<
        \new DrumStaff \with {
          instrumentName = "timbales"
          drumStyleTable = #timbales-style
          \override StaffSymbol.line-count = #2
          \override BarLine.bar-extent = #'(-1 . 1)
        }
        <<
          \timb
        >>
        \new DrumStaff \with { instrumentName = "drums" }
        <<
          \new DrumVoice { \stemUp \drh }
          \new DrumVoice { \stemDown \drl }
        >>
      >>
      \layout { }
      \midi { \tempo 4 = 120 }
    }

## Customized drum notation in printed and MIDI output

Customized drum “pitch” names (suitable for a custom drum style, for example) may be used both in printed and MIDI output by defining such variables as `drumPitchNames`, `drumStyleTable` and `midiDrumPitches`, as demonstrated here. In short, this snippet:

- defines some "pitch" names
- defines how they will be rendered
- tell LilyPond to use them for layout
- assigns pitches to the names
- tell LilyPond to use them for MIDI output

    %% This snippet tries to amend
    %% NR 2.5.1 Common notation for percussion - Custom percussion staves
    %% http://lilypond.org/doc/v2.18/Documentation/notation/common-notation-for-percussion#custom-percussion-staves

    %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
    %%
    %% To use custom drum-pitch-names for your score and midi you need to follow
    %% this route:
    %%
    %%%%%%%%%%%%
    %% LAYOUT:
    %%%%%%%%%%%%
    %%
    %% (1) Define a name and put it in `drumPitchNames'
    %%     This can be done at toplevel with
    %%         drumPitchNames.my-name  = #'my-name
    %%     It's possible to add an alias as well.
    %% (2) Define how it should be printed
    %%     Therefore put them into a toplevel-list, where each entry should look:
    %%         (my-name
    %%           note-head-style-or-default
    %%             articulation-string-or-#f
    %%               staff-position)
    %%     Example:
    %%         #(define my-style
    %%           '(
    %%             (my-name default "tenuto" -1)
    %%             ; ...
    %%             ))
    %% (3) Tell LilyPond to use this custom-definitions, with
    %%         drumStyleTable = #(alist->hash-table my-style)
    %%     in a \layout or \with
    %%
    %%     Now we're done for layout, here a short, but complete example:
    %%         \new DrumStaff
    %%           \with { drumStyleTable = #(alist->hash-table my-style) }
    %%           \drummode { my-name }
    %%
    %%%%%%%%%%%%
    %% MIDI:
    %%%%%%%%%%%%
    %%
    %% (1) Again at toplvel, assign a pitch to your custom-note-name
    %%         midiDrumPitches.my-name = ges
    %%     Note that you have to use the name, which is in drumPitchNames, no alias
    %% (2) Tell LilyPond to use this pitch(es), with
    %%         drumPitchTable = #(alist->hash-table midiDrumPitches)
    %%
    %%     Example:
    %%         \score {
    %%            \new DrumStaff
    %%             \with {
    %%               drumStyleTable = #(alist->hash-table my-style)
    %%               drumPitchTable = #(alist->hash-table midiDrumPitches)
    %%             }
    %%             \drummode { my-name4 }
    %%           \layout {}
    %%           \midi {}
    %%         }
    %%
    %%%%%%%%%%%%
    %% TESTING
    %%%%%%%%%%%%
    %%
    %% To test whether all is fine, run the following sequence in terminal:
    %%         lilypond my-file.ly
    %%         midi2ly my-file.midi
    %%         gedit my-file-midi.ly
    %%
    %% Which will do:
    %% 1. create pdf and midi
    %% 2. transform the midi back to a .ly-file
    %%    (note: midi2ly is not always good in correctly identifying enharmonic pitches)
    %% 3. open this file in gedit (or use another editor)
    %% Now watch what you've got.
    %%
    %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

    %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
    %% FULL EXAMPLE
    %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

    drumPitchNames.dbass      = #'dbass
    drumPitchNames.dba        = #'dbass  % 'db is in use already
    drumPitchNames.dbassmute  = #'dbassmute
    drumPitchNames.dbm        = #'dbassmute
    drumPitchNames.do         = #'dopen
    drumPitchNames.dopenmute  = #'dopenmute
    drumPitchNames.dom        = #'dopenmute
    drumPitchNames.dslap      = #'dslap
    drumPitchNames.ds         = #'dslap
    drumPitchNames.dslapmute  = #'dslapmute
    drumPitchNames.dsm        = #'dslapmute

    #(define djembe
      '((dbass      default  #f         -2)
        (dbassmute  default  "stopped"  -2)
        (dopen      default  #f          0)
        (dopenmute  default  "stopped"   0)
        (dslap      default  #f          2)
        (dslapmute  default  "stopped"   2)))

    midiDrumPitches.dbass = g
    midiDrumPitches.dbassmute = fis
    midiDrumPitches.dopen =  a
    midiDrumPitches.dopenmute = gis
    midiDrumPitches.dslap =  b
    midiDrumPitches.dslapmute = ais

    one = \drummode { r4 dba4 do ds r dbm dom dsm }

    \score {
       \new DrumStaff
        \with {
          \override StaffSymbol.line-count =  #3
          instrumentName = #"Djembe "
          drumStyleTable = #(alist->hash-table djembe)
          drumPitchTable = #(alist->hash-table midiDrumPitches)
        }
        \one
      \layout {}
      \midi {}
    }

## Indicaciones de compás polimétricas profundamente personalizadas

Aunque aquí el elemento más esencial no es la indicación de compás polimétrica que se muestra, se ha incluido para mostrar el pulso de la pieza, que es la plantilla de una canción de los Balcanes real.

    melody = \relative c'' {
      \key g \major
      \compoundMeter #'((3 8) (2 8) (2 8) (3 8) (2 8) (2 8)
                        (2 8) (2 8) (3 8) (2 8) (2 8))
      c8 c c d4 c8 c b c b a4 g fis8 e d c b' c d e4-^ fis8 g \break
      c,4. d4 c4 d4. c4 d c2 d4. e4-^ d4
      c4. d4 c4 d4. c4 d c2 d4. e4-^ d4 \break
      c4. d4 c4 d4. c4 d c2 d4. e4-^ d4
      c4. d4 c4 d4. c4 d c2 d4. e4-^ d4 \break
    }

    drum = \new DrumStaff \drummode {
      \bar ".|:" bd4.^\markup { Drums } sn4 bd \bar ";" sn4.
      bd4 sn \bar ";" bd sn bd4. sn4 bd \bar ":|."
    }

      \new Staff \with {
        instrumentName = \markup { \concat { "B" \flat " Sop." } }
      }

    {
      \melody
      \drum
    }

## Plantilla para combo de jazz

Ésta es una plantilla bastante avanzada, para un conjunto de jazz. Observe que la notación de todos los instrumentos está en `\key c \major` (Do mayor). Esto se refiere al tono de concierto; la armadura se transporta automáticamente si la música está dentro de una sección `\transpose`.

    \header {
      title = "Song"
      subtitle = "(tune)"
      composer = "Me"
      meter = "moderato"
      piece = "Swing"
      tagline = \markup {
        \column {
          "LilyPond example file by Amelie Zapf,"
          "Berlin 07/07/2003"
        }
      }
    }
    % To make the example display in the documentation
    \paper {
      paper-width = 130
    }
    %#(set-global-staff-size 16)
    \include "english.ly"

    %%%%%%%%%%%% Some macros %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

    sl = {
      \override NoteHead.style = #'slash
      \hide Stem
    }
    nsl = {
      \revert NoteHead.style
      \undo \hide Stem
    }
    crOn = \override NoteHead.style = #'cross
    crOff = \revert NoteHead.style

    %% insert chord name style stuff here.

    jazzChords = { }

    %%%%%%%%%%%% Keys'n'thangs %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

    global = { \time 4/4 }

    Key = { \key c \major }

    % ############ Horns ############

    % ------ Trumpet ------
    trpt = \transpose c d \relative c'' {
      \Key
      c1 | c | c |
    }
    trpHarmony = \transpose c' d {
      \jazzChords
    }
    trumpet = {
      \global
      \clef treble
      <<
        \trpt
      >>
    }

    % ------ Alto Saxophone ------
    alto = \transpose c a \relative c' {
      \Key
      c1 | c | c |
    }
    altoHarmony = \transpose c' a {
      \jazzChords
    }
    altoSax = {
      \global
      \clef treble
      <<
        \alto
      >>
    }

    % ------ Baritone Saxophone ------
    bari = \transpose c a' \relative c {
      \Key
      c1
      c1
      \sl
      d4^"Solo" d d d
      \nsl
    }
    bariHarmony = \transpose c' a \chordmode {
      \jazzChords s1 s d2:maj e:m7
    }
    bariSax = {
      \global
      \clef treble
      <<
        \bari
      >>
    }

    % ------ Trombone ------
    tbone = \relative c {
      \Key
      c1 | c | c
    }
    tboneHarmony = \chordmode {
      \jazzChords
    }
    trombone = {
      \global
      \clef bass
      <<
        \tbone
      >>
    }

    % ############ Rhythm Section #############

    % ------ Guitar ------
    gtr = \relative c'' {
      \Key
      c1
      \sl
      b4 b b b
      \nsl
      c1
    }
    gtrHarmony = \chordmode {
      \jazzChords
      s1 c2:min7+ d2:maj9
    }
    guitar = {
      \global
      \clef treble
      <<
        \gtr
      >>
    }

    %% ------ Piano ------
    rhUpper = \relative c'' {
      \voiceOne
      \Key
      c1 | c | c
    }
    rhLower = \relative c' {
      \voiceTwo
      \Key
      e1 | e | e
    }

    lhUpper = \relative c' {
      \voiceOne
      \Key
      g1 | g | g
    }
    lhLower = \relative c {
      \voiceTwo
      \Key
      c1 | c | c
    }

    PianoRH = {
      \clef treble
      \global
      <<
        \new Voice = "one" \rhUpper
        \new Voice = "two" \rhLower
      >>
    }
    PianoLH = {
      \clef bass
      \global
      <<
        \new Voice = "one" \lhUpper
        \new Voice = "two" \lhLower
      >>
    }

    piano = {
      <<
        \new Staff = "upper" \PianoRH
        \new Staff = "lower" \PianoLH
      >>
    }

    % ------ Bass Guitar ------
    Bass = \relative c {
      \Key
      c1 | c | c
    }
    bass = {
      \global
      \clef bass
      <<
        \Bass
      >>
    }

    % ------ Drums ------
    up = \drummode {
      \voiceOne
      hh4 <hh sn> hh <hh sn>
      hh4 <hh sn> hh <hh sn>
      hh4 <hh sn> hh <hh sn>
    }
    down = \drummode {
      \voiceTwo
      bd4 s bd s
      bd4 s bd s
      bd4 s bd s
    }

    drumContents = {
      \global
      <<
        \new DrumVoice \up
        \new DrumVoice \down
      >>
    }

    %%%%%%%%% It All Goes Together Here %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

    \score {
      <<
        \new StaffGroup = "horns" <<
          \new Staff = "trumpet" \with { instrumentName = "Trumpet" }
          \trumpet
          \new Staff = "altosax" \with { instrumentName = "Alto Sax" }
          \altoSax
          \new ChordNames = "barichords" \with { instrumentName = "Trumpet" }
          \bariHarmony
          \new Staff = "barisax" \with { instrumentName = "Bari Sax" }
          \bariSax
          \new Staff = "trombone" \with { instrumentName = "Trombone" }
          \trombone
        >>

        \new StaffGroup = "rhythm" <<
          \new ChordNames = "chords" \gtrHarmony
          \new Staff = "guitar" \with { instrumentName = "Guitar" }
          \guitar
          \new PianoStaff = "piano" \with {
            instrumentName = "Piano"
            midiInstrument = "acoustic grand"
          }
          \piano
          \new Staff = "bass" \with { instrumentName = "Bass" }
          \bass
          \new DrumStaff \with { instrumentName = "Drums" }
          \drumContents
        >>
      >>
      \layout {
        \context { \Staff \RemoveEmptyStaves }
        \context {
          \Score
          \override BarNumber.padding = #3
          \override RehearsalMark.padding = #2
          skipBars = ##t
        }
      }
      \midi { }
    }

## Símbolos de golpes de percusión

No están contemplados de forma nativa los símbolos gráficos para instrumentos de percusión; sin embargo es posible incluir dichos símbolos, ya sea como un archivo EPS externo o como código PostScript incrustado dentro de un elemento de marcado, como se muestra en este ejemplo.

    stick = \markup {
      \with-dimensions #'(0 . 5) #'(0 . 5)
      \postscript "
        0 6 translate
        0.8 -0.8 scale
        0 0 0 setrgbcolor
        [] 0 setdash
        1 setlinewidth
        0 setlinejoin
        0 setlinecap
        gsave [1 0 0 1 0 0] concat
        gsave [1 0 0 1 -3.5406095 -199.29342] concat
        gsave
        0 0 0 setrgbcolor
        newpath
        7.1434065 200.94354 moveto
        7.2109628 200.90454 7.2785188 200.86554 7.3460747 200.82654 curveto
        8.2056347 202.31535 9.0651946 203.80414 9.9247546 205.29295 curveto
        9.8571989 205.33195 9.7896429 205.37095 9.7220864 205.40996 curveto
        8.8625264 203.92115 8.0029664 202.43233 7.1434065 200.94354 curveto
        closepath
        eofill
        grestore
        gsave
        0 0 0 setrgbcolor
        newpath
        4.9646672 203.10444 moveto
        5.0036707 203.03688 5.0426744 202.96933 5.0816777 202.90176 curveto
        6.5704792 203.76133 8.0592809 204.6209 9.5480824 205.48045 curveto
        9.5090791 205.54801 9.4700754 205.61556 9.4310717 205.68311 curveto
        7.94227 204.82356 6.4534687 203.96399 4.9646672 203.10444 curveto
        closepath
        eofill
        grestore
        gsave
        <<
        /ShadingType 3
        /ColorSpace /DeviceRGB
        /Coords [113.13708 207.87465 0 113.13708 207.87465 16.162441]
        /Extend [true true]
        /Domain [0 1]
        /Function <<
        /FunctionType 3
        /Functions
        [
        <<
        /FunctionType 2
        /Domain [0 1]
        /C0 [1 1 1]
        /C1 [0.72941178 0.72941178 0.72941178]
        /N 1
        >>
        ]
        /Domain [0 1]
        /Bounds [ ]
        /Encode [ 0 1 ]
        >>
        >>
        newpath
        7.6422017 200.76488 moveto
        7.6505696 201.02554 7.3905363 201.24867 7.1341335 201.20075 curveto
        6.8759501 201.16916 6.6949602 200.87978 6.7801462 200.63381 curveto
        6.8480773 200.39155 7.1438307 200.25377 7.3728389 200.35861 curveto
        7.5332399 200.42458 7.6444521 200.59122 7.6422017 200.76488 curveto
        closepath
        clip
        gsave [
          0.052859054 0.063089841 -0.020912282 0.017521108 5.7334261 189.76443
        ] concat
        shfill
        grestore
        grestore
        0 0 0 setrgbcolor
        [] 0 setdash
        0.027282091 setlinewidth
        0 setlinejoin
        0 setlinecap
        newpath
        7.6422017 200.76488 moveto
        7.6505696 201.02554 7.3905363 201.24867 7.1341335 201.20075 curveto
        6.8759501 201.16916 6.6949602 200.87978 6.7801462 200.63381 curveto
        6.8480773 200.39155 7.1438307 200.25377 7.3728389 200.35861 curveto
        7.5332399 200.42458 7.6444521 200.59122 7.6422017 200.76488 curveto
        closepath
        stroke
        gsave
        <<
        /ShadingType 3
        /ColorSpace /DeviceRGB
        /Coords [113.13708 207.87465 0 113.13708 207.87465 16.162441]
        /Extend [true true]
        /Domain [0 1]
        /Function <<
        /FunctionType 3
        /Functions
        [
        <<
        /FunctionType 2
        /Domain [0 1]
        /C0 [1 1 1]
        /C1 [0.72941178 0.72941178 0.72941178]
        /N 1
        >>
        ]
        /Domain [0 1]
        /Bounds [ ]
        /Encode [ 0 1 ]
        >>
        >>
        newpath
        5.2721217 202.83181 moveto
        5.2804896 203.09247 5.0204563 203.3156 4.7640539 203.26768 curveto
        4.5058701 203.23609 4.3248803 202.94671 4.4100662 202.70074 curveto
        4.4779975 202.45848 4.7737511 202.3207 5.0027593 202.42554 curveto
        5.1631598 202.49149 5.2743721 202.65813 5.2721217 202.83181 curveto
        closepath
        clip
        gsave [
          0.052859054 0.063089841 -0.020912282 0.017521108 3.363346 191.83136
        ] concat
        shfill
        grestore
        grestore
        0 0 0 setrgbcolor
        [] 0 setdash
        0.027282091 setlinewidth
        0 setlinejoin
        0 setlinecap
        newpath
        5.2721217 202.83181 moveto
        5.2804896 203.09247 5.0204563 203.3156 4.7640539 203.26768 curveto
        4.5058701 203.23609 4.3248803 202.94671 4.4100662 202.70074 curveto
        4.4779975 202.45848 4.7737511 202.3207 5.0027593 202.42554 curveto
        5.1631598 202.49149 5.2743721 202.65813 5.2721217 202.83181 curveto
        closepath
        stroke
        grestore
        grestore
      "
    }

    \score {
      b1^\stick
    }

## Percussion example

A short example taken from Stravinsky’s L’histoire du Soldat.

    #(define mydrums '((bassdrum   default #t  4)
                       (snare      default #t -4)
                       (tambourine default #t  0)))

    global = {
      \time 3/8 s4.
      \time 2/4 s2*2
      \time 3/8 s4.
      \time 2/4 s2
    }

    drumsA = {
      \context DrumVoice <<
        { \global }
        { \drummode {
            \autoBeamOff
            \stemDown sn8 \stemUp tamb s8 |
            sn4 \stemDown sn4 |
            \stemUp tamb8 \stemDown sn8 \stemUp sn16 \stemDown sn \stemUp sn8 |
            \stemDown sn8 \stemUp tamb s8 |
            \stemUp sn4 s8 \stemUp tamb
          }
        }
      >>
    }

    drumsB = {
      \drummode {
        s4 bd8 s2*2 s4 bd8 s4 bd8 s8
      }
    }

    \layout {
      indent = #40
    }

    \score {
      \new StaffGroup <<
        \new DrumStaff \with {
          instrumentName = \markup {
            \center-column {
              "Tambourine"
              "et"
              "caisse claire s. timbre"
            }
          }
        drumStyleTable = #(alist->hash-table mydrums)
      }
      \drumsA
      \new DrumStaff \with {
        instrumentName = #"Grosse Caisse"
        drumStyleTable = #(alist->hash-table mydrums)
      }
      \drumsB
      >>
    }

## Imprimir música que tenga compases distintos en cada pentagrama

En el siguiente fragmento de código, dos partes distintas tienen un compás completamente diferente y sin embargo se mantienen sincronizadas. Las barras de compás ya no se pueden imprimir en el nivel de `Score`; para permitir barras de compás independientes en cada parte se trasladan los grabadores `Default_barline_engraver` y `Timing_translator` desde el contexto de partitura `Score` hasta el contexto de pentagrama `Staff`.

Si son necesarios números de compás, el grabador de números de compás `Bar_number_engraver` también debe trasladarse, ya que descansa en propiedades fijadas por el `Timing_translator`; se puede usar un bloque `\with` para añadir números de compás al pentagrama apropiado.

    \paper {
      indent = #0
      ragged-right = ##t
    }

    global = { \time 3/4 { s2.*3 } \bar "" \break { s2.*3 } }

    \layout {
      \context {
        \Score
        \remove "Timing_translator"
        \remove "Default_bar_line_engraver"
        \remove "Bar_number_engraver"
        \override SpacingSpanner.uniform-stretching = ##t
        \override SpacingSpanner.strict-note-spacing = ##t
        proportionalNotationDuration = #(ly:make-moment 1/64)
      }
      \context {
        \Staff
        \consists "Timing_translator"
        \consists "Default_bar_line_engraver"
      }
      \context {
        \Voice
        \remove "Forbid_line_break_engraver"
        tupletFullLength = ##t
      }
    }

    Bassklarinette = \new Staff \with {
      \consists "Bar_number_engraver"
      barNumberVisibility = #(every-nth-bar-number-visible 2)
      \override BarNumber.break-visibility = #end-of-line-invisible
    } <<
      \global {
        \bar "|"
        \clef treble
        \time 3/8
        d''4.

        \bar "|"
        \time 3/4
        r8 des''2( c''8)

        \bar "|"
        \time 7/8
        r4. ees''2 ~

        \bar "|"
        \time 2/4
        \tupletUp
        \tuplet 3/2 { ees''4 r4 d''4 ~ }

        \bar "|"
        \time 3/8
        \tupletUp
        \tuplet 4/3 { d''4 r4 }

        \bar "|"
        \time 2/4
        e''2

        \bar "|"
        \time 3/8
        es''4.

        \bar "|"
        \time 3/4
        r8 d''2 r8
        \bar "|"
      }
    >>

    Perkussion = \new StaffGroup <<
      \new Staff <<
        \global {
          \bar "|"
          \clef percussion
          \time 3/4
          r4 c'2 ~

          \bar "|"
          c'2.

          \bar "|"
          R2.

          \bar "|"
          r2 g'4 ~

          \bar "|"
          g'2. ~

          \bar "|"
          g'2.
        }
      >>
      \new Staff <<
        \global {
          \bar "|"
          \clef percussion
          \time 3/4
          R2.

          \bar "|"
          g'2. ~

          \bar "|"
          g'2.

          \bar "|"
          r4 g'2 ~

          \bar "|"
          g'2 r4

          \bar "|"
          g'2.
        }
      >>
    >>

    \score {
      <<
        \Bassklarinette
        \Perkussion
      >>
    }

## Tam-tam example

A tam-tam example, entered with ’tt’

    #(define mydrums '((tamtam default #t 0)))

    \new DrumStaff \with { instrumentName = #"Tamtam" }

    \drummode {
      \set DrumStaff.drumStyleTable = #(alist->hash-table mydrums)
      \override Staff.StaffSymbol.line-positions = #'( 0 )
      \override Staff.BarLine.bar-extent = #'(-1.5 . 1.5)

      tt 1 \pp \laissezVibrer
    }

#### LilyPond — Snippets v2.22.2 (rama estable).