SYSTAT(1)

NAME
systat - display system statistics

SYNOPSIS
systat [-aBbhiNn] [-d count] [-s delay] [-w width] [view] [delay]

DESCRIPTION
systat displays various system statistics in a screen-oriented fashion using the curses(3) screen display library.

While systat is running, the screen is divided into different areas. The top line displays the current number of users, the three system load average figures over the last 1, 5, and 15 minute intervals, the host name, and the system time. The bottom line of the screen is reserved for user input and error messages. The information displayed in the rest of the screen comprises a view, and is the main interface for displaying different types of system statistics. The vmstat view is the default.

Certain information may be discarded when the screen size is insufficient for display. For example, on a machine with 10 drives the iostat bar graph displays only 3 drives on a 24 line terminal.

The options are as follows:

-a  Display all lines.

-B  Raw, non-interactive mode. The default is to exit after two screen updates, with statistics only ever displayed once. Useful for views such as cpu, where initial calculations are useless.

-b  Raw, non-interactive mode. The default is to exit after one screen update, with statistics displayed every update.

-d count
    Exit after count screen updates.

-h  Human readable mode, where applicable.

-i  Interactive mode.

-N  Resolve network addresses to names. This is the opposite of the -n option.

-n  Do not try to reverse map IP addresses. This is the default.

-s delay
    Specifies the screen refresh time interval in seconds. This option is overridden by the final delay argument, if given. The default interval is 5 seconds.

-w width
    Specifies the maximum width of the output in raw, non-interactive mode.

view
    The view argument expects to be one of: vmstat, pigs, ifstat, iostat, sensors, mbufs, netstat, swap, states, rules, queues, pf, pool, pcache, malloc, buckets, nfsclient, nfsserver, cpu, or uvm. These displays can also be requested interactively and are described in full detail below. view may be abbreviated to the minimum unambiguous prefix; for example, “io” for “iostat”.

delay
    The delay argument specifies the screen refresh time interval in seconds. This is provided for backwards compatibility, and overrides any interval specified with the -s flag. The default interval is 5 seconds.

Certain characters cause immediate action by systat. These are:

:   Move the cursor to the command line and interpret the input line typed as a command. While entering a command the current character erase, word erase, and line kill characters may be used.

h   Toggle printing the names of the available views on the command line.

o   Select the next ordering which sorts the rows according to a combination of columns. Available orderings depend on the view. Not all views support orderings.

p   Pause systat.

q   Quit systat.

r   Reverse the selected ordering if supported by the view.

s   Change the screen refresh interval in seconds.

,   Print numbers with thousand separators, where applicable.

^A | <Home>
    Jump to the beginning of the current view.

^B | <right arrow>
    Select the previous view.

^E | <End>
    Jump to the end of the current view.

^F | <left arrow>
    Select the next view.

^G  Toggle printing the name of the current view being shown and the refresh interval.

^L  Refresh the screen.

^N | <down arrow>
    Scroll current view down by one line.

^P | <up arrow>
    Scroll current view up by one line.

^V | <Page Down>
    Scroll current view down by one page.

Alt-V | <Page Up>
    Scroll current view up by one page.

The following commands are interpreted by the “global” command interpreter.

help
    Toggle printing the names of the available views on the command line.

human
    Toggle human readable mode, where applicable.

order
    Toggle printing the names of the available orderings on the command line.

quit
    Quit systat. (This may be abbreviated to q.)

stop
    Stop refreshing the screen.

    [start] [number] Start (continue) refreshing the screen. If a second, numeric, argument is provided it is interpreted as a refresh interval (in seconds). Supplying only a number will set the refresh interval to this value.

view may be abbreviated to the minimum unambiguous prefix. The available views are:

buckets
    Display kernel malloc(9) bucket statistics similar to the output of vmstat -m.

cpu Display information about the average usage of each CPU, similar to the output provided by top(1).

ifstat
    Display interface statistics. The “State” column has the format up|dn [:U|D]. ‘up’ and ‘dn’ represent whether the interface is up or down. ‘U’ and ‘D’ represent whether the interface is connected or not; in the case of carp(4) interfaces, whether the interface is in master or backup state, respectively.

    The character B changes the counter view between bytes and bits. Pressing b displays statistics as calculated from boot time. r changes the counters to show their totals as calculated between display refreshes. t changes the counters to show the average per second over the display refresh interval; this is the default. d displays input and output queue drops. e displays input and output errors. f displays input and output queue drops plus errors. This is the default view.

iostat
    Display statistics about disk throughput. Statistics on disk throughput show, for each drive, data transferred in bytes, number of disk transactions performed, and time spent in disk accesses (in fractions of a second). Pressing b displays statistics as calculated from boot time. t changes the counters to show the average per second over the display refresh interval; this is the default.

malloc
    Display kernel malloc(9) type statistics similar to the output of vmstat -m. Available orderings are: name, inuse, memuse, and requests.

mbufs
    Display mbuf usage information from kernel pools and mbuf cluster pool statistics of each network interface.

netstat
    Display network connections. Each address is displayed numerically in the format “host:port”. By default, network servers awaiting requests are not displayed. It is also possible to have addresses displayed symbolically, when possible, and limit the display to a set of protocols (the minimum unambiguous prefix may be supplied):

    all Toggle the displaying of server processes awaiting requests (this is the equivalent of the -a flag to netstat(1)).

    names
        Display network addresses symbolically.

    numbers
        Display network addresses numerically.

    reset
        Reset matching mechanisms to the default.

    tcp | udp | other
        Display only network connections using the indicated protocol.

nfsclient
    Display statistics about NFS client activity. Output resembles nfsstat -c.

nfsserver
    Display statistics about NFS server activity. Output resembles nfsstat -s.

pf  Display filter information about pf(4), similar to the output of pfctl -s info option.

pigs
    Display those processes resident in main memory and getting the largest portion of the processor. When less than 100% of the processor is scheduled to user processes, the remaining time is accounted to the “idle” process.

pool
    Display kernel pool(9) statistics similar to the output of vmstat -m. Available orderings are: name, requests, size, and number of pages.

    By default only the statistics of active pools are displayed but pressing A changes the view to show all of them.

pcache
    Display kernel pool(9) per CPU cache statistics. Ordering is available on all columns.

queues
    Display statistics about the active queues, similar to the output of pfctl -s queue.

rules
    Display pf rules statistics, similar to the output of pfctl -s rules.

sensors
    Display the current values of available hardware sensors, in a format similar to that of sysctl(8).

states
    Display pf states statistics, similar to the output of pfctl -s states. Available orderings are: none, bytes, expiry, packets, age, source address, source port, destination address, destination port, rate, and peak columns.

swap
    Show information about swap space usage on all the swap areas compiled into the kernel. The first column is the device name of the partition. The next column is the total space available in the partition. The Used column indicates the total blocks used so far; the graph shows the percentage of space in use on each partition. If there is more than one swap partition in use, a total line is also shown. Areas known to the kernel but not in use are shown as not available.

vmstat
    Take over the entire display and show a (rather crowded) compendium of statistics related to virtual memory usage, process scheduling, device interrupts, system name translation caching, disk I/O, etc. This view is the default.

    Below the top line are statistics on memory utilization. The first row of the table reports memory usage only among active processes, that is, processes that have run in the previous twenty seconds. The second row reports on memory usage of all processes. The first column reports on the amount of physical memory claimed by processes. The second column reports the same figure for virtual memory, that is, the amount of memory that would be needed if all processes were resident at the same time. Finally, the last column shows the amount of physical memory on the free list.

    Below the memory display is a list of the average number of processes (over the last refresh interval) that are runnable (‘r’), in disk wait other than paging (‘d’), sleeping (‘s’), and swapped out but desiring to run (‘w’). Below the queue length listing is a numerical listing and a bar graph showing the amount of interrupt (shown as ‘|’), spinning (shown as ‘@’), system (shown as ‘=’), user plus nice (shown as ‘>’), and idle time (shown as ‘ ’).

    To the right of the Proc display are statistics about Context switches (“Csw”), Traps (“Trp”), Syscalls (“Sys”), Interrupts (“Int”), Soft interrupts (“Sof”), and Faults (“Flt”) which have occurred during the last refresh interval.

    Below the CPU usage graph are statistics on name translations. It lists the number of names translated in the previous interval, the number and percentage of the translations that were handled by the system wide name translation cache, and the number and percentage of the translations that were handled by the per process name translation cache.

    At the bottom left is the disk usage display. It reports the number of seeks, transfers, number of kilobyte blocks transferred per second averaged over the refresh period of the display, and the time spent in disk accesses.

    Under the date in the upper right hand quadrant are statistics on paging and swapping activity. The first two columns report the average number of pages brought in and out per second over the last refresh interval due to page faults and the paging daemon. The third and fourth columns report the average number of pages brought in and out per second over the last refresh interval due to swap requests initiated by the scheduler. The first row of the display shows the average number of disk transfers per second over the last refresh interval. The second row of the display shows the average number of pages transferred per second over the last refresh interval.

    Running down the right hand side of the display is a breakdown of the interrupts being handled by the system. At the top of the list is the total interrupts per second over the time interval. The rest of the column breaks down the total on a device by device basis. Only devices that have interrupted at least once since boot time are shown.

    Below the Interrupts display are the average number of input and output packets per second for all interfaces over the last refresh interval.

    Below the SWAPPING display and slightly to the left of the Interrupts display is a list of virtual memory statistics. The abbreviations are:

    forks
        process forks
    fkppw
        forks where parent waits
    fksvm
        forks where vmspace is shared
    pwait
        fault had to wait on a page
    relck
        fault relock called
    rlkok
        fault relock is successful
    noram
        faults out of ram
    ndcpy
        number of times fault clears "need copy"
    fltcp
        number of times fault promotes with copy
    zfod
        fault promotes with zerofill
    cow number of times fault anon cow
    fmin
        min number of free pages
    ftarg
        target number of free pages
    itarg
        target number of inactive pages
    wired
        wired pages
    pdfre
        pages daemon freed since boot
    pdscn
        pages daemon scanned since boot
    pzidl
        number of zeroed pages
    kmape
        number of kernel map entries

uvm Display statistics relevant to the UVM subsystem. The statistics are divided into eight groups.

    Page Counters:
    npages
        pages managed by UVM
    free
        free pages
    active
        active pages
    inactive
        freed pages that may be wanted back
    paging
        pages in the process of being paged out
    wired
        wired pages
    zeropages
        zero'd pages
    reserve_pagedaemon
        pages reserved for pagedaemon
    reserve_kernel
        pages reserved for kernel.
    vnodepages
        pages used by vnode page cache
    vtextpages
        pages used by vtext vnodes

    Stats Counters:
    faults
        page fault count
    traps
        trap count
    intrs
        interrupt count
    swtch
        context switch count
    softs
        software interrupt count
    syscalls
        system calls
    pageins
        pagein operation count
    pgswapin
        pages swapped in
    pgswapout
        pages swapped out
    forks
        forks.
    forks_ppwait
        forks where parent waits
    forks_sharevm
        forks where vmspace is shared
    pga_zerohit
        pagealloc found requested zero'd pages
    pga_zeromiss
        pagealloc failed to obtain zero'd pages

    Fault Counters:
    fltnoram
        fault was out of ram
    fltnoanon
        fault was out of anons
    fltnoamap
        fault was out of amap chunks
    fltpgwait
        fault had to wait on a page
    fltpgrele
        fault found a released page
    fltrelck
        fault relock called
    fltrelckok
        fault relock was a success
    fltanget
        fault got anon page
    fltanretry
        fault retried an anon get
    fltamcopy
        fault cleared "needs copy"
    fltnamap
        fault mapped a neighbor anon page
    fltnomap
        fault mapped a neighbor obj page
    fltlget
        fault did a locked pgo_get
    fltget
        fault did an unlocked get
    flt_anon
        fault anon (case 1a)
    flt_acow
        fault anon cow (case 1b)
    flt_obj
        fault was on object page (2a)
    flt_prcopy
        fault promotes with copy (2b)
    flt_przero
        fault promotes with zerofill (2b)

    Pageout Params:
    freemin
        minimum number of free pages
    freetarg
        target number of free pages
    inactarg
        target number of inactive pages
    wiredmax
        maximum number of wired pages
    anonmin
        minimum threshold for anon pages
    vtextmin
        minimum threshold for vtext pages
    vnodemin
        minimum threshold for vnode pages
    anonminpct
        minimum percent anon pages
    vtextminpct
        minimum percent vtext pages
    vnodeminpct
        minimum percent vnode pages

    Swap Counters:
    nswapdev
        configured swap devices
    swpages
        PAGE_SIZE'ed swap pages
    swpginuse
        swap pages in use
    swpgonly
        in use swap pages not in RAM
    nswget
        swap pages moved from disk to RAM
    nanon
        total anon's

    Daemon Counters:
    pdwoke
        times daemon woke up
    pdrevs
        times daemon rev'd clock hand
    pdswout
        times daemon called for swapout
    pdfreed
        pages daemon freed since boot
    pdscans
        pages daemon scanned since boot
    pdanscan
        anonymous pages scanned by daemon
    pdobscan
        object pages scanned by daemon
    pdreact
        pages daemon reactivated since boot
    pdbusy
        times daemon found a busy page
    pdpageouts
        times daemon started a pageout
    pdpending
        times daemon got a pending pagout
    pddeact
        pages daemon deactivates

    Misc Counters:
    fpswtch
        FPU context switches
    kmapent
        kernel map entries

    Constants:
    pagesize
        size of a page, always a power of 2
    pagemask
        page mask
    pageshift
        page shift

FILES
/etc/hosts
    Host names.
/etc/pf.conf
    pf(4) configuration.
/etc/services
    Port names.

SEE ALSO
fstat(1), kill(1), netstat(1), nfsstat(1), ps(1), top(1), iostat(8), pfctl(8), pstat(8), renice(8), sysctl(8), vmstat(8)

HISTORY
The systat program first appeared in 4.3BSD.

BUGS
Certain displays presume a minimum of 80 characters per line. The vmstat display looks out of place because it is (it was added in as a separate display rather than created as a new program).