////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//
// Copyright (C) 2002-2021 The Octave Project Developers
//
// See the file COPYRIGHT.md in the top-level directory of this
// distribution or <https://octave.org/copyright/>.
//
// This file is part of Octave.
//
// Octave is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
// under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
// (at your option) any later version.
//
// Octave is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
// WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
// GNU General Public License for more details.
//
// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
// along with Octave; see the file COPYING.  If not, see
// <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
//
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

#if defined (HAVE_CONFIG_H)
#  include "config.h"
#endif

#include <list>
#include <sstream>
#include <string>
#include <vector>

#if defined (HAVE_PCRE_H)
#  include <pcre.h>
#elif defined (HAVE_PCRE_PCRE_H)
#  include <pcre/pcre.h>
#endif

#include "Matrix.h"
#include "base-list.h"
#include "lo-error.h"
#include "oct-locbuf.h"
#include "quit.h"
#include "lo-regexp.h"
#include "str-vec.h"
#include "unistr-wrappers.h"

namespace octave
{
  // Define the maximum number of retries for a pattern
  // that possibly results in an infinite recursion.
#define PCRE_MATCHLIMIT_MAX 10

  // FIXME: should this be configurable?
#define MAXLOOKBEHIND 10

  static bool lookbehind_warned = false;

  // FIXME: don't bother collecting and composing return values
  //        the user doesn't want.

  void
  regexp::free (void)
  {
    if (m_data)
      pcre_free (static_cast<pcre *> (m_data));
  }

  void
  regexp::compile_internal (void)
  {
    // If we had a previously compiled pattern, release it.
    free ();

    size_t max_length = MAXLOOKBEHIND;

    size_t pos = 0;
    size_t new_pos;
    int inames = 0;
    std::ostringstream buf;

    while ((new_pos = m_pattern.find ("(?", pos)) != std::string::npos)
      {
        if (m_pattern.at (new_pos + 2) == '<'
            && !(m_pattern.at (new_pos + 3) == '='
                 || m_pattern.at (new_pos + 3) == '!'))
          {
            // The syntax of named tokens in pcre is "(?P<name>...)" while
            // we need a syntax "(?<name>...)", so fix that here.  Also an
            // expression like
            // "(?<first>\w+)\s+(?<last>\w+)|(?<last>\w+),\s+(?<first>\w+)"
            // should be perfectly legal, while pcre does not allow the same
            // named token name on both sides of the alternative.  Also fix
            // that here by replacing name tokens by dummy names, and dealing
            // with the dummy names later.

            size_t tmp_pos = m_pattern.find_first_of ('>', new_pos);

            if (tmp_pos == std::string::npos)
              (*current_liboctave_error_handler)
                ("regexp: syntax error in pattern");

            std::string tmp_name
              = m_pattern.substr (new_pos+3, tmp_pos-new_pos-3);

            bool found = false;

            for (int i = 0; i < m_names; i++)
              {
                if (m_named_pats(i) == tmp_name)
                  {
                    m_named_idx.resize (dim_vector (inames+1, 1));
                    m_named_idx(inames) = i;
                    found = true;
                    break;
                  }
              }

            if (! found)
              {
                m_named_idx.resize (dim_vector (inames+1, 1));
                m_named_idx(inames) = m_names;
                m_named_pats.append (tmp_name);
                m_names++;
              }

            if (new_pos - pos > 0)
              buf << m_pattern.substr (pos, new_pos-pos);
            if (inames < 10)
              buf << "(?P<n00" << inames++;
            else if (inames < 100)
              buf << "(?P<n0" << inames++;
            else
              buf << "(?P<n" << inames++;

            pos = tmp_pos;
          }
        else if (m_pattern.at (new_pos + 2) == '<')
          {
            // Find lookbehind operators of arbitrary length (ie like
            // "(?<=[a-z]*)") and replace with a maximum length operator
            // as PCRE can not yet handle arbitrary length lookahead
            // operators.  Use the string length as the maximum length to
            // avoid issues.

            int brackets = 1;
            size_t tmp_pos1 = new_pos + 2;
            size_t tmp_pos2 = tmp_pos1;

            while (tmp_pos1 < m_pattern.length () && brackets > 0)
              {
                char ch = m_pattern.at (tmp_pos1);

                if (ch == '(')
                  brackets++;
                else if (ch == ')')
                  {
                    if (brackets > 1)
                      tmp_pos2 = tmp_pos1;

                    brackets--;
                  }

                tmp_pos1++;
              }

            if (brackets != 0)
              {
                buf << m_pattern.substr (pos, new_pos - pos) << "(?";
                pos = new_pos + 2;
              }
            else
              {
                size_t tmp_pos3 = m_pattern.find_first_of ("*+", tmp_pos2);

                if (tmp_pos3 != std::string::npos && tmp_pos3 < tmp_pos1)
                  {
                    if (! lookbehind_warned)
                      {
                        lookbehind_warned = true;
                        (*current_liboctave_warning_with_id_handler)
                          ("Octave:regexp-lookbehind-limit",
                           "%s: arbitrary length lookbehind patterns are only supported up to length %d",
                           m_who.c_str (), MAXLOOKBEHIND);
                      }

                    buf << m_pattern.substr (pos, new_pos - pos) << '(';

                    size_t i;

                    if (m_pattern.at (tmp_pos3) == '*')
                      i = 0;
                    else
                      i = 1;

                    for (; i < max_length + 1; i++)
                      {
                        buf << m_pattern.substr (new_pos, tmp_pos3 - new_pos)
                            << '{' << i << '}';
                        buf << m_pattern.substr (tmp_pos3 + 1,
                                                 tmp_pos1 - tmp_pos3 - 1);
                        if (i != max_length)
                          buf << '|';
                      }
                    buf << ')';
                  }
                else
                  buf << m_pattern.substr (pos, tmp_pos1 - pos);

                pos = tmp_pos1;
              }
          }
        else
          {
            buf << m_pattern.substr (pos, new_pos - pos) << "(?";
            pos = new_pos + 2;
          }

      }

    buf << m_pattern.substr (pos);

    // Replace NULLs with escape sequence because conversion function c_str()
    // will terminate string early at embedded NULLs.
    std::string buf_str = buf.str ();
    while ((pos = buf_str.find ('\0')) != std::string::npos)
      buf_str.replace (pos, 1, "\\000");

    const char *err;
    int erroffset;

    int pcre_options
      = (  (m_options.case_insensitive () ? PCRE_CASELESS : 0)
         | (m_options.dotexceptnewline () ? 0 : PCRE_DOTALL)
         | (m_options.lineanchors () ? PCRE_MULTILINE : 0)
         | (m_options.freespacing () ? PCRE_EXTENDED : 0)
         | PCRE_UTF8);

    m_data = pcre_compile (buf_str.c_str (), pcre_options,
                           &err, &erroffset, nullptr);

    if (! m_data)
      (*current_liboctave_error_handler)
        ("%s: %s at position %d of expression", m_who.c_str (), err, erroffset);
  }

  regexp::match_data
  regexp::match (const std::string& buffer)
  {
    // check if input is valid utf-8
    const uint8_t *buf_str = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *> (buffer.c_str ());
    if (octave_u8_check_wrapper (buf_str, buffer.length ()))
      (*current_liboctave_error_handler)
        ("%s: the input string is invalid UTF-8", m_who.c_str ());

    regexp::match_data retval;

    std::list<regexp::match_element> lst;

    int subpatterns;
    int namecount;
    int nameentrysize;
    char *nametable;
    size_t idx = 0;

    pcre *re = static_cast<pcre *> (m_data);

    pcre_fullinfo (re, nullptr, PCRE_INFO_CAPTURECOUNT,  &subpatterns);
    pcre_fullinfo (re, nullptr, PCRE_INFO_NAMECOUNT, &namecount);
    pcre_fullinfo (re, nullptr, PCRE_INFO_NAMEENTRYSIZE, &nameentrysize);
    pcre_fullinfo (re, nullptr, PCRE_INFO_NAMETABLE, &nametable);

    OCTAVE_LOCAL_BUFFER (int, ovector, (subpatterns+1)*3);
    OCTAVE_LOCAL_BUFFER (int, nidx, namecount);

    for (int i = 0; i < namecount; i++)
      {
        // Index of subpattern in first two bytes of name (MSB first).
        // Extract index.
        nidx[i] = (static_cast<int> (nametable[i*nameentrysize])) << 8
                  | static_cast<int> (nametable[i*nameentrysize+1]);
      }

    while (true)
      {
        octave_quit ();

        int matches = pcre_exec (re, nullptr, buffer.c_str (),
                                 buffer.length (), idx,
                                 PCRE_NO_UTF8_CHECK | (idx ? PCRE_NOTBOL : 0),
                                 ovector, (subpatterns+1)*3);

        if (matches == PCRE_ERROR_MATCHLIMIT)
          {
            // Try harder; start with default value for MATCH_LIMIT
            // and increase it.
            (*current_liboctave_warning_with_id_handler)
              ("Octave:regexp-match-limit",
               "your pattern caused PCRE to hit its MATCH_LIMIT; trying harder now, but this will be slow");

            pcre_extra pe;

            pcre_config (PCRE_CONFIG_MATCH_LIMIT,
                         static_cast<void *> (&pe.match_limit));

            pe.flags = PCRE_EXTRA_MATCH_LIMIT;

            int i = 0;
            while (matches == PCRE_ERROR_MATCHLIMIT
                   && i++ < PCRE_MATCHLIMIT_MAX)
              {
                octave_quit ();

                pe.match_limit *= 10;
                matches = pcre_exec (re, &pe, buffer.c_str (),
                                     buffer.length (), idx,
                                     PCRE_NO_UTF8_CHECK
                                     | (idx ? PCRE_NOTBOL : 0),
                                     ovector, (subpatterns+1)*3);
              }
          }

        if (matches < 0 && matches != PCRE_ERROR_NOMATCH)
          (*current_liboctave_error_handler)
            ("%s: internal error calling pcre_exec; "
             "error code from pcre_exec is %i", m_who.c_str (), matches);

        if (matches == PCRE_ERROR_NOMATCH)
          break;
        else if (ovector[0] >= ovector[1] && ! m_options.emptymatch ())
          {
            // Zero length match.  Skip to next char.
            idx = ovector[0] + 1;
            if (idx < buffer.length ())
              continue;
            else
              break;
          }
        else
          {
            int pos_match = 0;
            Matrix token_extents (matches-1, 2);

            for (int i = 1; i < matches; i++)
              {
                if (ovector[2*i] >= 0 && ovector[2*i+1] > 0
                    && (i == 1 || ovector[2*i] != ovector[2*i-2]
                        || ovector[2*i-1] != ovector[2*i+1]))
                  {
                    token_extents(pos_match,0) = double (ovector[2*i]+1);
                    token_extents(pos_match++,1) = double (ovector[2*i+1]);
                  }
              }

            token_extents.resize (pos_match, 2);

            double start = double (ovector[0]+1);
            double end = double (ovector[1]);

            const char **listptr;
            int status = pcre_get_substring_list (buffer.c_str (), ovector,
                                                  matches, &listptr);

            if (status == PCRE_ERROR_NOMEMORY)
              (*current_liboctave_error_handler)
                ("%s: cannot allocate memory in pcre_get_substring_list",
                 m_who.c_str ());

            // Must use explicit length constructor as match can contain '\0'.
            std::string match_string = std::string (*listptr, end - start + 1);

            string_vector tokens (pos_match);
            string_vector named_tokens (m_names);
            int pos_offset = 0;
            pos_match = 0;

            for (int i = 1; i < matches; i++)
              {
                if (ovector[2*i] >= 0 && ovector[2*i+1] > 0)
                  {
                    if (i == 1 || ovector[2*i] != ovector[2*i-2]
                        || ovector[2*i-1] != ovector[2*i+1])
                      {
                        if (namecount > 0)
                          {
                            // FIXME: Should probably do this with a map()
                            //        rather than a linear search.  However,
                            //        the number of captured, named expressions
                            //        is usually pretty small (< 4)
                            for (int j = 0; j < namecount; j++)
                              {
                                if (nidx[j] == i)
                                  {
                                    size_t len = ovector[2*i+1] - ovector[2*i];
                                    named_tokens(m_named_idx(j))
                                      = std::string (*(listptr+i-pos_offset),
                                                     len);
                                    break;
                                  }
                              }
                          }

                        size_t len = ovector[2*i+1] - ovector[2*i];
                        tokens(pos_match++) = std::string (*(listptr+i), len);
                      }
                    else
                      pos_offset++;
                  }
              }

            pcre_free_substring_list (listptr);

            regexp::match_element new_elem (named_tokens, tokens, match_string,
                                            token_extents, start, end);
            lst.push_back (new_elem);

            if (ovector[1] <= ovector[0])
              {
                // Zero length match.  Skip to next char.
                idx = ovector[0] + 1;
                if (idx <= buffer.length ())
                  continue;
              }
            else
              idx = ovector[1];

            if (m_options.once () || idx >= buffer.length ())
              break;
          }
      }

    retval = regexp::match_data (lst, m_named_pats);

    return retval;
  }

  bool
  regexp::is_match (const std::string& buffer)
  {
    regexp::match_data rx_lst = match (buffer);

    return rx_lst.size () > 0;
  }

  Array<bool>
  regexp::is_match (const string_vector& buffer)
  {
    octave_idx_type len = buffer.numel ();

    Array<bool> retval (dim_vector (len, 1));

    for (octave_idx_type i = 0; i < buffer.numel (); i++)
      retval(i) = is_match (buffer(i));

    return retval;
  }

  // Declare rep_token_t used in processing replacement string
  typedef struct
  {
    size_t pos;
    int num;
  } rep_token_t;

  std::string
  regexp::replace (const std::string& buffer, const std::string& replacement)
  {
    std::string retval;

    const regexp::match_data rx_lst = match (buffer);

    size_t num_matches = rx_lst.size ();

    if (num_matches == 0)
      {
        retval = buffer;
        return retval;
      }

    // Identify replacement tokens; build a vector of group numbers in
    // the replacement string so that we can quickly calculate the size
    // of the replacement.

    // FIXME: All code assumes that only 10 tokens ($0-$9) exist.
    //        $11 represents $1 followed by the character '1' rather than
    //        the eleventh capture buffer.

    std::string repstr = replacement;
    std::vector<rep_token_t> tokens;
    tokens.reserve (5);  // Reserve memory for 5 pattern replacements

    for (size_t i=0; i < repstr.size (); i++)
      {
        if (repstr[i] == '\\')
          {
            if (i < repstr.size () - 1 && repstr[i+1] == '$')
              {
                repstr.erase (i,1);  // erase backslash
                i++;                 // skip over '$'
                continue;
              }
            if (i < repstr.size () - 1 && repstr[i+1] == '\\')
              {
                repstr.erase (i,1);  // erase 1st backslash
                continue;
              }
          }
        else if (repstr[i] == '$')
          {
            if (i < repstr.size () - 1 && isdigit (repstr[i+1]))
              {
                rep_token_t tmp_token;

                tmp_token.pos = i;
                tmp_token.num = repstr[i+1]-'0';
                tokens.push_back (tmp_token);
              }
          }
      }

    std::string rep;
    int num_tokens = tokens.size ();

    if (num_tokens > 0)
      {
        // Determine replacement length
        const size_t replen = repstr.size () - 2*num_tokens;
        int delta = 0;
        auto p = rx_lst.begin ();
        for (size_t i = 0; i < num_matches; i++)
          {
            octave_quit ();

            double start = p->start ();
            double end = p->end ();

            const Matrix pairs (p->token_extents ());
            size_t pairlen = 0;
            for (int j = 0; j < num_tokens; j++)
              {
                if (tokens[j].num == 0)
                  pairlen += static_cast<size_t> (end - start + 1);
                else if (tokens[j].num <= pairs.rows ())
                  pairlen += static_cast<size_t> (pairs(tokens[j].num-1,1)
                                                  - pairs(tokens[j].num-1,0)
                                                  + 1);
              }
            delta += (static_cast<int> (replen + pairlen)
                      - static_cast<int> (end - start + 1));
            p++;
          }

        // Build replacement string
        rep.reserve (buffer.size () + delta);
        size_t from = 0;
        p = rx_lst.begin ();
        for (size_t i = 0; i < num_matches; i++)
          {
            octave_quit ();

            double start = p->start ();
            double end = p->end ();

            const Matrix pairs (p->token_extents ());
            rep.append (&buffer[from], static_cast<size_t> (start - 1 - from));
            from = static_cast<size_t> (end);

            size_t cur_pos = 0;

            for (int j = 0; j < num_tokens; j++)
              {
                rep.append (&repstr[cur_pos], (tokens[j].pos) - cur_pos);
                cur_pos = tokens[j].pos+2;

                int k = tokens[j].num;
                if (k == 0)
                  {
                    // replace with entire match
                    rep.append (&buffer[static_cast<size_t> (end - 1)],
                                static_cast<size_t> (end - start + 1));
                  }
                else if (k <= pairs.rows ())
                  {
                    // replace with group capture
                    rep.append (&buffer[static_cast<size_t> (pairs(k-1,0)-1)],
                                static_cast<size_t> (pairs(k-1,1)
                                                     - pairs(k-1,0) + 1));
                  }
                else
                  {
                    // replace with nothing
                  }
              }
            if (cur_pos < repstr.size ())
              rep.append (&repstr[cur_pos], repstr.size () - cur_pos);

            p++;
          }
        rep.append (&buffer[from], buffer.size () - from);
      }
    else
      {
        // Determine repstr length
        const size_t replen = repstr.size ();
        int delta = 0;
        auto p = rx_lst.begin ();
        for (size_t i = 0; i < num_matches; i++)
          {
            octave_quit ();

            delta += static_cast<int> (replen)
                     - static_cast<int> (p->end () - p->start () + 1);
            p++;
          }

        // Build replacement string
        rep.reserve (buffer.size () + delta);
        size_t from = 0;
        p = rx_lst.begin ();
        for (size_t i = 0; i < num_matches; i++)
          {
            octave_quit ();

            rep.append (&buffer[from],
                        static_cast<size_t> (p->start () - 1 - from));
            from = static_cast<size_t> (p->end ());
            rep.append (repstr);
            p++;
          }
        rep.append (&buffer[from], buffer.size () - from);
      }

    retval = rep;
    return retval;
  }
}
