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Subject: Monthly Review of Solar & Geophysical Activity for December 1992
Date: Wed, 20 Jan 93 3:03:43 MST
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           --  MONTHLY REVIEW OF SOLAR AND GEOPHYSICAL ACTIVITY  --
 
                           Summary for December 1992
              Special DRAO Summary of 10.7 cm Flux Data for 1992

                            Report compiled by the
                          Solar Terrestrial Dispatch
 
                    Data Provided In-Part Courtesy of the
                   Space Environment Services Center, NOAA
                                   and the
                NRC / Dominion Radio Astrophysical Observatory
                     Penticton, British Columbia, Canada


MONTHLY ACTIVITY SUMMARY FOR DECEMBER 1992

     We are now in month 76 of solar cycle 22.  The number of energetic
events in December decreased slightly over the number of events observed in
November. There were 284 flares (optical and x-ray) observed during the
month.  This is down by approximately 15 percent over November's figure of
334 events.  There were 4 minor M-class flares in December and no major
flares.  This compares with 7 minor M-class flares and one major X9.0
flare in early November (at 0308Z on 02 November from departed Region 7321).
The last two months have shown a fairly sharp drop in the number of energetic
events.  October had 419 optical and x-ray flares (one of which was major,
and 24 of which were minor M-class events).  This is a drop of over 32
percent over the number of events counted in December.

     Sunspot numbers have remained fairly stable over the last two months.
The monthly sunspot number observed by the SESC for December was computed at
127.4.  The value for November of 124.3 compares closely.  RI international
sunspot numbers for November and December were estimated at 92.0 and 83.3
respectively.  The average 10.7 cm solar radio flux for the month of December
was computed to be 139.1.  This is down slightly from November's elevated
value of 145.2, but is still higher than the average solar flux values
computed for the months of May through October.

     The largest flare of December was a rather unimpressive class M2.6/SN
event at 02:22 UT from Region 7376 (located at N17W80).  No significant radio
emissions accompanied this event.  All of the solar flares observed in
December never exceeded a 1B optical rating.  Those which did attain a 1B
rating were smaller C-class events.  The M1.5/1N flare at 18:03 UT on 01
December from Region 7352 (at N21W37) was the only other event to come close.
All of the flares observed this month were radio-weak.  A C2.5/1B flare from
Region 7376 (N14W40) at 06:51 UT on 28 December was the only event to be
accompanied by both Type II and IV sweeps.

     The list of minor M-class or greater flares and associated radio
emissions observed during December follows:

SUMMARY OF MAJOR ENERGETIC EVENTS
---------------------------------

 Date   Begin  Max   End  Xray  Op Region  Locn    2695 MHz  8800 MHz  15.4 GHz
------  ----  ----  ----  ----  -- ------ ------  --------- --------- ---------
NO MAJOR ENERGETIC EVENTS OBSERVED.


SUMMARY OF MINOR M-CLASS EVENTS
-------------------------------

 Date   Begin  Max   End  Xray  Op Region  Locn    2695 MHz  8800 MHz  15.4 GHz
------  ----  ----  ----  ----  -- ------ ------  --------- --------- ---------
01 Dec: 1746  1803  1818  M1.5  1N  7352  N21W37                            33
04 Dec: 1135  1140  1147  M1.4  SF  7352  N19W71
        1730  1749  1809  M2.1  SF  7352  N19W67                 160       130
31 Dec: 0211  0222  0241  M2.6  SN  7376  N17W80

     The geomagnetic field was slightly less active in December than
November.  The estimated planetary A-index for December was 11, compared with
13 in November.  Sudden magnetic impulses of 20 nT at 20:00 UT, 19 nT at
06:15 UT, and 16 nT at 20:11 UT were observed at Boulder on 09, 17, and 27
December respectively.  The GOES-6 spacecraft experienced a brief
magnetopause crossing between 17:45 UT and 17:46 UT on 17 December.  This was
associated with a simultaneous period of minor geomagnetic storm activity at
ground levels.

     The most disturbed day was 29 December.  A disturbance which elevated
levels of geomagnetic activity on 28 December matured into a minor
geomagnetic storm at middle latitudes on 29 December.  Periods of minor and
major storming persisted through to approximately 18:00 UT before subsiding.
High latitudes reported a few periods of severe storm activity.  The total
duration of this gradually-commenced storm was approximately 30 hours,
lasting from approximately 12:00 UT on 28 December to 18:00 UT on 29
December.  The source of this disturbance appears to have been a filament
that disappeared between S20 and S35 near mid-disk that measured
approximately 24 degrees in extent.  It disappeared early in the UT day of
22 December.


    RECENT SOLAR INDICES (PRELIMINARY) OF THE OBSERVED MONTHLY MEAN VALUES 
                        Last Updated January 15, 1993
 
              Sunspot Numbers                   Radio Flux    Geomagnetic 
      ------------------------------------    --------------  -----------
       Observed     Ratio    Smooth Values   Penticton Smooth   Smooth
      SESC    RI   RI/SESC    SESC    RI      10.7 cm  Value   Ap  Value
      ------------------------------------    --------------  -----------
                                 YEAR = 1989
Jan:  203.2  161.6  .80       189.2  141.9     235.4  190.2    19   16.7 
Feb:  211.0  164.5  .78       196.0  144.7     222.4  194.0    15   17.0 
Mar:  176.8  131.0  .74       204.1  149.4     205.1  199.7    41   17.6 
 
Apr:  172.3  129.3  .75       209.9  153.1     189.6  204.4    23   18.2 
May:  207.0  138.4  .67       216.4  156.5     190.1  209.3    16   18.8 
Jun:  297.3  196.0  .66       220.1  157.9     239.6  213.1    17   19.2 
 
Jul:  193.9  126.8  .65       221.1  158.1     181.9  212.6     8   19.1 
Aug:  243.0  166.8  .69       221.5  157.4     217.1  209.7    20   19.3 
Sep:  240.7  176.8  .74       221.3  156.3     225.9  207.2    17   18.8 
 
Oct:  217.4  158.5  .73       223.2  157.1     208.7  206.3    21   18.3 
Nov:  255.0  173.0  .68       223.4  157.3     235.1  206.1    19   18.4 
Dec:  217.8  166.1  .76       217.3  153.3     213.0  203.3    16   18.4 
 
                                 YEAR = 1990
Jan:  239.3  177.3  .74       212.4  150.6     210.1  200.4    14   18.6 
Feb:  184.7  130.5  .71       213.9  152.9     178.3  200.5    23   18.8 
Mar:  198.6  140.3  .71       212.7  152.0     188.8  198.7    23   18.6 
 
Apr:  196.1  140.3  .72       210.5  149.3     185.3  195.6    27   18.3 
May:  187.7  132.2  .70       208.1  147.0     189.7  192.4    16   17.6 
Jun:  168.9  105.4  .62       205.3  143.8     170.9  189.9    16   16.8 
 
Jul:  204.3  149.4  .73       203.8  140.6     180.7  190.4    14   16.2 
Aug:  269.4  200.3  .74       206.3  140.5     222.6  193.9    19   15.4 
Sep:  186.4  125.2  .67       211.1  142.1     177.4  198.3    14   15.0 
 
Oct:  219.0  145.5  .66       213.1  142.1     182.0  200.6    15   14.8 
Nov:  196.1  131.4  .67       213.7  141.7     184.3  201.2     9   14.4 
Dec:  208.0  129.7  .62       216.1  143.9     204.9  202.7     7   15.7 
 
                                 YEAR = 1991
Jan:  213.5  136.9  .64       220.5  147.6     229.4  205.5     8   17.4 
Feb:  270.2  167.5  .62       221.5  147.6     243.0  206.3    10   18.4 
Mar:  227.9  141.9  .62       220.7  146.6     230.0  205.9    27   19.1   

Apr:  215.9  140.0  .65       220.7  146.5     198.8  206.8    17   20.0
May:  182.5  121.3  .66       219.6  145.5     190.3  207.1    18   21.7
Jun:  231.8  169.7  .73       218.9  145.2     206.8  207.4    44   23.0
 
Jul:  245.7  173.7  .71       219.5  146.3     212.0  207.7    27   23.6
Aug:  251.5  176.3  .70       218.3  146.5     210.3  206.8    30   24.7
Sep:  185.8  125.3  .67       214.2  144.7     180.6  203.9    20   25.0
 
Oct:  220.1  144.1  .65       208.4  141.6     201.3  199.7    31   24.3
Nov:  169.0  108.2  .64       202.2  137.9     172.0  195.4    33   24.1
Dec:  217.7  144.4  .66       193.7  131.6     223.9  188.9    15   23.0

                                 YEAR = 1992
Jan:  217.9  149.3  .69       183.3  123.6     217.6  181.8    14   21.1
Feb:  238.2  159.6  .67       171.8  115.2     232.1  174.8    31   19.8
Mar:  160.5  106.9  .67       161.6  108.0     171.3  168.5    14   19.4

Apr:  144.0   99.8  .69       154.3  103.1     158.5  162.9    11   18.9
May:  106.3   73.8  .69       148.9  100.1     125.4  158.8    21   17.4*
Jun:  104.7   65.2  .62       143.3   96.9*    116.7  154.2*   15   16.4*

Jul:  121.4   85.7  .71                        132.3           10
Aug:   99.5   64.5  .65                        122.1           15
Sep:   93.8   62.9  .68                        116.8           25

Oct:  136.2   88.3  .65                        130.8           15
Nov:  124.3   92.0  .74                        145.2           13*
Dec:  127.4   83.3* .65*                       139.1           11*

 
* = Preliminary estimates,  Unmarked = Final Values.
 
The lowest smoothed sunspot number for Cycle 21, RI = 12.3, occurred in 
September 1986.  The sunspot maximum for this cycle (cycle 22) occurred in 
July 1989, with a peak smoothed sunspot number (RI) of 158.1.

Note: Prior to June 1991, the 10.7 cm solar radio flux measurements
originated from the Algonquin Radio Observatory near Ottawa.  From June 1991
onward, the flux has been (and will continue to be) measured from the
Dominion Radio Astrophysical Observatory at Penticton, British Columbia,
Canada.


      ------------------------------------------------------------------
      DAILY VALUES OF SOLAR FLUX AT 2800 MHz (PENTICTON-DRAO) AT 2000 UT
      ------------------------------------------------------------------
                         Data Valid for December 1992

           Data Courtesy of the National Research Council of Canada
                      Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics
                   Dominion Radio Astrophysical Observatory
                         Penticton, British Columbia
                                    CANADA

Series D is the best estimate of absolute value and is obtained by using the
multiplier 0.90 recommended by Commission V of URSI.

            1992       Observed                   Adj to 1 AU

                       Series C             Series C        Series D

             1          131.4                127.1           114.4
             2          130.3                126.0           113.4
             3          125.5                121.3           109.2
             4          119.8                115.9           104.3
             5          116.3                112.4           101.2
             6          119.8                115.9           104.3
             7          120.1                116.1           104.5
             8          129.0                124.8           112.3
             9          134.0                129.6           116.6
            10          142.2                137.5           123.8

            11          164.4                159.0           143.1
            12          168.6                163.1           146.8
            13          173.3                167.6           150.8
            14          167.2                161.8           145.6
            15          155.5                150.4           135.4
            16          150.7                145.8           131.2
            17          150.3                145.5           130.9
            18          149.8                144.9           130.4
            19          147.0                142.2           128.0
            20          147.9                143.2           128.9

            21          145.4                140.8           126.7
            22          142.1                137.6           123.8
            23          143.8                139.3           125.4
            24          136.3                132.0           118.8
            25          136.2                132.0           118.8
            26          131.3                127.2           114.5
            27          125.0                121.2           109.1
            28          127.2                123.4           111.1
            29          125.1                121.3           109.2
            30          125.7                121.9           109.7

            31          129.7                125.8           113.2

            Mean:       139.1                134.6           121.1


              OUTSTANDING EVENTS - SOLAR RADIATION AT 2800 MHZ
    ---------------------------------------------------------------------
     DATE  KEY        CLASS         START  MAXIMUM DURATION  PEAK   MEAN
                                     U.T.    U.T.            FLUX   FLUX
    ---------------------------------------------------------------------
     December                       HOURS   HOURS   MINUTES

      01   1  S   Simple I          1756.5  1756.9     2.2    7.4     4
      14   3  S   Simple II         2050.5  2053.9    10.2    9.6     3
      22   3  S   Simple II         1650.3  1651.4     5.1   14.4     7
      31   20 GRF Simple III GRF    1921.9  1938.9     44     14     10


    ---------------------------------------------------------------------
            YEAR-END 10.7 CM SOLAR RADIO FLUX STATISTICS FOR 1992
    ---------------------------------------------------------------------

PENTICTON                                                                                            PENTICTON
2800 MHZ      2000 UT                           1992  Observed                              SERIES C  2800 MHZ

DAY  JAN   FEB   MAR   APR   MAY  JUNE  JULY   AUG  SEPT   OCT   NOV   DEC
==========================================================================
 1 248.5 283.8 200.4 186.1 130.9  98.6 129.8 110.3  99.8 117.9 147.1 131.4
 2 260.2 288.3 181.4 161.2 135.8 102.1 136.6 124.5 104.5 119.4 141.0 130.3
 3 279.6 270.9 163.0 159.7 125.7 106.9 136.5 131.3 107.0 120.1 135.1 125.5
 4 274.7 251.5 159.7 153.9 134.7 108.3 136.7 130.9 104.7 126.1 142.8 119.8
 5 266.5 246.3 154.8 154.4 133.0 115.0 145.7 130.5 119.3 130.2 136.0 116.3

 6 254.1 238.6 155.5 142.7 130.6 119.6 150.4 138.0 139.2 137.4 132.9 119.8
 7 262.4 240.6 159.6 141.5 129.1 115.7 154.7 141.5 131.7 136.1 134.9 120.1
 8 261.7 225.0 182.0 151.2 142.6 115.2 151.5 143.5 128.9 125.6 132.2 129.0
 9 257.3 235.6 171.7 139.7 126.7 118.6 159.6 137.3 116.9 121.3 132.4 134.0
10 232.8 240.8 169.3 140.6 124.4 125.4 170.0 132.7 116.9 112.5 136.4 142.2

11 209.3 224.2 165.2 143.3 126.3 129.0 168.3 130.4 118.6 110.5 134.8 164.4
12 188.6 210.3 163.7 143.9 125.1 126.7 172.0 128.3 117.3 107.0 127.4 168.6
13 183.3 198.0 165.2 146.3 125.6 123.6 175.6 128.9 127.3 108.7 124.9 173.3
14 178.6 203.7 164.7 154.1 126.5 123.3 175.5 128.7 121.7 105.5 126.1 167.2
15 173.3 202.8 169.0 149.3 122.1 120.8 167.8 130.5 120.2  98.4 126.9 155.5

16 161.3 200.0 161.3 157.7 115.9 119.1 157.6 136.6 126.6 100.6 136.7 150.7
17 155.6 206.5 159.1 184.1 112.9 130.1 135.9 133.8 119.4 106.6 152.3 150.3
18 151.9 206.4 160.4 203.0 117.4 116.0 126.1 129.6 117.5 112.3 161.9 149.8
19 160.1 195.7 167.4 205.7 131.4 115.3 118.5 134.8 112.5 124.5 160.9 147.0
20 168.3 203.5 168.5 204.5 137.0 113.1 123.5 155.5 106.3 133.1 158.8 147.9

21 174.2 217.1 167.6 195.1 141.9 117.4 108.3 124.9 109.5 140.6       145.4
22 173.0 234.5 160.7 182.7 144.8 116.1 104.3 121.6 111.6 150.7 166.2 142.1
23 173.1 249.3 166.3 172.7 142.0 121.5  98.8 110.7 111.9 141.8 176.2 143.8
24 178.4 255.4 175.7 160.9 133.5 117.9 100.1 101.8 112.0 146.8 173.8 136.3
25 202.2 253.4 186.0 153.8 122.9 123.3  98.4  98.1 115.9 161.2 166.8 136.2

26 209.0 252.9 178.6 143.2 118.9 111.6 101.1  92.5 116.7 169.9 162.5 131.3
27 220.7 244.2 180.7 137.2 114.6 109.5 100.3  93.8 121.1 171.1 156.8 125.0
28 237.7 233.2 186.0 128.5 110.9 108.3  95.6  95.7 116.2 174.7 148.7 127.2
29 266.2 217.8 192.8 130.5 105.2 110.7  98.1  95.3 117.3 163.8 139.8 125.1
30 280.3       182.4 127.9  99.0 122.9  96.9  94.8 115.9       139.8 125.7

31 302.3       191.4        99.0       103.2  97.2       149.6       129.7

Means:
   217.6 232.1 171.3 158.5 125.4 116.7 132.2 122.1 116.8 130.8 145.2 139.1

Annual Mean:    150.4


PENTICTON                                                                                            PENTICTON
2800 MHZ      2000 UT                 1992    Adjusted to 1 A.U.                            SERIES C  2800 MHZ

DAY  JAN   FEB   MAR   APR   MAY  JUNE  JULY   AUG  SEPT   OCT   NOV   DEC
==========================================================================
 1 240.3 275.5 196.8 185.9 133.0 101.4 134.1 113.6 101.6 118.2 144.8 127.1
 2 251.6 280.1 178.3 161.2 138.0 105.0 141.2 128.2 106.3 119.5 138.8 126.0
 3 270.4 263.2 160.3 159.8 127.8 110.1 141.1 135.1 108.9 120.2 132.9 121.3
 4 265.6 244.4 157.1 154.0 137.0 111.5 141.3 134.7 106.4 126.1 140.4 115.9
 5 257.7 239.4 152.4 154.7 135.4 118.4 150.6 134.3 121.2 130.1 133.6 112.4

 6 245.7 232.1 153.1 143.0 133.0 123.2 155.4 141.9 141.3 137.3 130.5 115.9
 7 253.7 234.0 157.2 141.8 131.5 119.2 159.9 145.4 133.6 135.8 132.4 116.1
 8 253.1 218.9 179.4 151.6 145.3 118.7 156.6 147.5 130.8 125.4 129.7 124.8
 9 248.8 229.3 169.4 140.2 129.2 122.3 165.0 141.1 118.5 121.0 129.9 129.6
10 225.1 234.5 167.0 141.2 126.9 129.3 175.7 136.3 118.4 112.1 133.7 137.5

11 202.4 218.4 163.1 144.0 128.8 133.1 173.9 133.9 120.1 110.0 132.0 159.0
12 182.4 204.9 161.7 144.7 127.8 130.6 177.8 131.7 118.7 106.5 124.7 163.1
13 177.3 193.0 163.3 147.1 128.2 127.5 181.4 132.3 128.8 108.2 122.2 167.6
14 172.8 198.7 162.9 155.2 129.3 127.2 181.3 132.0 123.1 104.9 123.4 161.8
15 167.7 197.9 167.2 150.3 124.8 124.7 173.3 133.8 121.5  97.8 124.1 150.4

16 156.1 195.2 159.7 158.9 118.5 122.9 162.8 140.0 127.9  99.9 133.7 145.8
17 150.6 201.7 157.6 185.6 115.5 134.4 140.4 137.1 120.6 105.8 148.9 145.5
18 147.0 201.6 159.0 204.8 120.2 119.8 130.2 132.7 118.5 111.4 158.2 144.9
19 155.0 191.2 166.1 207.7 134.5 119.1 122.3 138.0 113.4 123.4 157.1 142.2
20 162.9 199.0 167.2 206.5 140.3 116.8 127.5 159.1 107.1 131.9 155.0 143.2

21 168.7 212.3 166.4 197.1 145.5 121.3 111.8 127.8 110.4 139.2       140.8
22 167.6 229.5 159.7 184.8 148.4 120.0 107.7 124.4 112.3 149.2 162.0 137.6
23 167.6 244.0 165.3 174.7 145.6 125.5 101.9 113.2 112.6 140.3 171.7 139.3
24 172.9 250.1 174.7 162.9 136.9 121.8 103.2 104.0 112.6 145.1 169.4 132.0
25 195.9 248.3 185.1 155.7 126.1 127.4 101.5 100.1 116.5 159.4 162.4 132.0

26 202.7 248.0 177.9 145.0 122.1 115.3 104.3  94.4 117.3 167.9 158.2 127.2
27 214.0 239.5 180.0 139.1 117.7 113.1 103.4  95.8 121.6 168.9 152.6 121.2
28 230.6 228.8 185.4 130.4 113.9 112.0  98.5  97.6 116.6 172.3 144.7 123.4
29 258.3 213.9 192.4 132.5 108.1 114.4 101.1  97.1 117.7 161.6 136.0 121.3
30 272.0       182.1 129.9 101.7 127.0  99.9  96.6 116.2       135.9 121.9

31 293.5       191.2       101.8       106.3  99.0       147.3       125.8

Means:
   210.6 226.5 169.6 159.7 128.2 120.4 136.5 125.1 118.0 129.9 142.0 134.6

Annual Mean:    149.9


  --------------------------------------------------------------------------
      SUMMARY OF AVERAGE SOLAR AND GEOPHYSICAL INDICES FOR DECEMBER 1992
  --------------------------------------------------------------------------
                 (Based on SGDB data released by the S.T.D.)

10.7 cm Solar Radio Flux: 138.95
Sunspot Number: 127.65
Boulder A-Index:   9.77
Planetary A-Index:  10.84
Background X-Ray Flux (1-8A): B4.46

Proton Fluence at > 1 MeV: 8.9069e+05
Total (non-averaged) Fluence at > 1 MeV: 2.5830e+07
Proton Fluence at > 10 MeV: 1.0886e+04
Total (non-averaged) Fluence at > 10 MeV: 3.1570e+05

Average Daily Deviation of the Boulder Magnetometer:  17.65 nT

Short Wave Fadouts (SWFs):   0.16
Total Number of SWFs during Interval:    5
SWF Durations:   1.87 minutes
Total Duration of SWFs during Interval:    58 minutes

Average Daily X-Ray Flux: B7.06
Average Neutron Counts:  +0.05%
Average Daily PCA:  -0.00 dB


**  End of Monthly Report  **



