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\centerline{\Large {\bf VEDIC TIME MEASUREMENT}}
\vspace*{.35in}
   Presently, it is believed that the human race started about 6000
years ago ( around 4000 B.C). Recent excavations have produced a
beautiful bronze statue is confirmed to be about 5700 years old! Is
it possible that within a span of 300 years man evolved from a caveman
to a highly developed individual, expert in art and architechture and
advanced in metallurgical science ? Obvously to a rational mind, it
is absurd and incoherent. So how old is the earth ?

   Vedic tradition talks of a cycle of ages spanning 4230 million years.
Correspondingly, the dailies of 17th June, 1980, quoted Dr. Ponnemperuna
Head of the Laboratory of Chemical Evolution, USA as saying that from
the clues found in Greenland his co-workers had concluded that "Life
is as old as the oldest rocks on earth. The age of the earth has been
estimated at 4.6 billion years. The conditions for life to emerge were
almost there when the earth was formed."

  How very close is 4.6 billion years to 4.32 billion years! Even that
(comparitively) slight difference between the two figures must be
dedated to the unreliability of modern scientific conclusions. The Vedic
tradition has stood firmly by its one and only scientific conclusion
about the time-span of our civilization.

  If the earth is a billion years old , how long has life existed? If
the human race has existed for thousands of years, what was their way
of life ? What was their language ? Were they scientifically advanced ?
The scriptures say that the world spoke one language and practised the
same religion. In his book "World Vedic Heritage", Shri. P.N. Oak has
vividly described ancient history and explained how the unitary world
administration dissembled into the present. He emphatically states that
humanity, before the devastating Mahabharat War, spoke Sanskrit and
practised Vedic religion. To assert his claims, he has delved into
innumerable details concerning present languages, current mores, etc.
One of the chapters in the book explains how the present day time-
measurement system perfectly adheres to the Vedic system of time
calculation. A abridged version of the chapter is presented below.
\medskip

\leftline{\large {\bf {Vedic Time Measurement}}}

   The uniform world wide tradition of time-measurement and the Sanskrit
terminology assiciated with it, is yet another proof of the prevelence
of Vedic of a uniform, unitary Vedic culture throughout the world from
time immemorial.
  The Hindu alias Vedic almanac is the ancientmost because it adheres to
the Srushti-Samvat i.e., the time computation from the creation of the
cosmos. Nothing can be more ancient.

\medskip

\leftline{\large {\bf The sankalpa}}

       Anybody undertaking any Vedic ritual in any part of the world
has to recall and repeat the entire computation of the aeons, eras,
years and days that have passed from the moment of creation to the day
of the ritual. Thus, a continual, up-to-date computation uttered all
over theworld, down the ages, ensured an unerring tally of eternal time.
The person undertaking the ritual has to loudly proclaim the names of
his father, grand-father and great grandfather, the name of the family,
the name of the aptron sage of his ancestors, the town in which he is
performing the ritual and the region and continent in which that place
is located in the context of global geography. Can anyhting be more
perfect and universal than this sort of time computation ? It summarizes
in a short and quick review every individuals locus standi in the
context of time-space continuum.

     In this way, the Vedic tradition has been keeping a continous track
of the time-dimension of the cosmos. It was during the remote antiquity,
when the world had a unitary administration of Kshatriyas trained to
govern the world under the Vedic socio-political system, that the
uniform time calculation system was introduced. The World still sticks
to it as can be seen from the following.

\medskip

\leftline{\large {\bf Terminology}}

     The word time itself is a corruption of the Sanskrit word 'Samay';
that was pronounced as 'Tamay' and later as 'Time'. The word 'Calender'
is the Sanskrit word 'Kalantar' which signifies a chart detaling the
divisions of time ( namely the day, week, month and year ). Likewise,
the word clock is Sanskrit 'Kala-ka', i.e, a recorder-cum-indicator of
time.

      The 60-second, 60 minute calculation is Vedic mathematics because
according to the Vedic computation 60 'vipalas' make 1 'pala' and 60 
'palas' make 1 'ghati' i.e, 24 minutes. 'Hour' is a malpronounciation
of the Sanskrit word 'Hora' (which is made of 2.5 ghatis). The word
'day' is also a corrupt form of the Sanskrit word 'din'.
      All the days in the week too follow the order laid down by the
Vedic tradition wherein each day is named after the members of the
solar system in a specified order. For instance, Sunday (the day named
after the Sun) follows Saturday (the day of Saturn).
      After the week comes the month. The division of the year into 12
parts (each of which is known as a month, corresponding to the twelve
Zodiacal signs) is devised by the Vedic system. It is sometimes believed
and argued that the year consisted of 10 months in some parts of the
world. This is based on a misunderstanding. The Vedic year began with
the vernal equinox in March and consisted of 12 months. Later, December
31 was made the last day of the year. This led people to believe that
the year comprised of 10 months which began in March and ended in Decemb
er.

       The names September, October, November and December are Sanskrit
words Saptamber, Ashtamber, Navamber and Dashamber where 'amber' is the
Sanskrit word term for the Zodiac while the numbers 'sapta','ashta',
'nava' and 'dasha' signify the 7th, 8th, 9th and 10th months respectivel
From the four months, clearly identifiable as Sanskrit, it can be safely
induced that the remaining eight months too had Sanskrit names. The
name Januarius is the original name, of which January is a abbreviation.
It may be recalled that the Latin name of Lord Ganesh came to be spelled
as Janus. The God used to be worshipped in Rome on January 9. Since Lord
Ganesh is tradiationally offered worship at the opening of every ritual
or the commencement of any period or task, the Romans ordained that the
month of the fesitival of Lord Ganesh be reckoned as the first.
Consequently they amended the traditional start of the year and reckoned
it as beginning from January 1. The name Januarius, misbelieved to be
Latin, is the Sanskrit term 'Ganaraya-eesh' signifying Lord Ganesh.
The month February (Latin-Februarius) is a malpronounciation of the word
'Pravaraesh' signifying Lord of the sages. Similarly, March is derived
from the Sanskrit word 'Marichi' meaning Sun. These clues should help
scholars to trace the Vedic names of the remaining months.

     The Sanskrit term 'mas' signifying a month is still used in the
English parlance. The European terms Christmas and Michealmas signify
the months in which celebrations concerning Christ and Micheal are
observed. The dictionaries seem to be unaware of this fact and explain
Christmas to be Christ's birthday, even though 'mas' signifies a month
(of December).

     The Sanskrit terms for September, October, November and December
are graphic proof that on ancient times the names of all 12 months were
Sanskrit and that the months also followed the Vedic numerological order
Beginning from March.

     In our own day, September ranks as the ninth month though its
Sanskrit name proclaims it to be the seventh month. What explains this
anomaly ? September could be the seventh month only if March is counted
as the first month. And actually all around the ancient world, in Rome,
in England etc. the year began only in March. It was only in 1752 A.D
that England formally switched to January 1 as the New Year Day. Earlier
its New Year Day used to be March 25.

       According to the Vedic lunar calculation, the New Year Day varies
from year to year somewhere around March 25. It does not conform to any
specific Solar date. Apparently, therefore, the last time when England
broke away from the Vedic tradition, the Vedic New Year Day fell on
March 25. That is why England continued to observe that as the New Year
Day. Likewise since Rome observed March 15 as the New Year Day, it may
be calculated as to which was the year(s) in which March 15, coincided
with the vernal equinox i.e, the start of the Vedic Lunar New Year Day.

     The worldwide tradition of considering the year to begin in March
as per Vedic practice is a clear indication of the prevelence of a
unitary Vedic administration throughout the world in ancient times. Thus
throughout the world, even today, time is computed from the split-second
to the year adhering to the Vedic system.

      Why does a day begin at 12.00 mid-night ? Was this time scheduled
according to some reference time ? The Vedic administrative headquarters
for Europe used to be in London in the British Isles. London meridian
time is five-and-half hours behind the Indian time. When the sun rises
at 5.30 a.m, India changes the date as per the Vedic practice. At that
time it is mid-night hour in London. Therefore, the Vedic administration
there cultivated the tradition of reckoning the day from the mid-night
hour.

      Even the terms a.m and p.m have a Sanskrit connotation, and not
English as is easily assumed. In English parlance the term a.m means
anti-meridian and p.m means post-meridian. But, the question remains-
who is anti and post-meridian ? The 'Sun' who is vital to the calculatio
remains unmentioned. That lacuna arises because because it is not
realised that a.m and p.m are the initials of the hoary Sanskrit
expressions Arohanam Martandasya (i.e. climding of the Sun) and Patanam
Martandasya (i.e. the falling of the Sun).

\medskip

\leftline{\large {\bf Vedic divisions of time}}

    The current trend of the academic world is to regard the Vedic era
as the most primitive. Contrarily, it was an era of excellence. Those
humans of that first generation had a calculating range which extended
from the infinitesimal trillionth of a second to trillions of years.
Such a wide, minute to collosal, computation system also pre-supposes a
highly developed base of scientific and technological existence. Here-
under is that split-second scale of ancient Vedic calculation (mentioned
in the 32nd Chapter of the Marathi translation of the Yajurveda by S.K
Devdhar, Pune, India) :
\begin{verbatim}

       1 Paramanu    =  1/37968.5  second
       2 Paramanu    =  1 Anu
       3 Anu         =  1 Tryasarenu
       3 Tryasarenu  =  1 Truti
     100 Truti       =  1 Vedh
       3 Vedh        =  1 Lava
       3 Lava        =  1 Nimish
       3 Nimish      =  1 Kshan
       5 Kshan       =  1 Kashta
      15 Kashta      =  1 Laghu
      15 Laghu       =  1 Ghatika  =  24 minutes
       2 Ghatika     =  1 Muhurta
   3 3/4 Muhurta     =  1 Prahar
       8 Prahar      =  1 Paksha
       2 Paksha      =  1 Mas
       2 Mas         =  1 Rutu
       3 Rutu        =  1 Ayan
       2 Ayan        =  1 Varsha  =  1 Year
Also,
     60  Vipalas     =  1 Pal
     60  Palas       =  1 Ghati(ka)
  2 1/2  Ghati(ka)   =  1 Hora    =  1 Hour
\end{verbatim}

What is the need to perform and tabulate such intricate system of time
measurement if at all it is not to be utilized ? Could the Vedas be
termed as 'mere books' only attempting to unravel the mysteries of life
and performing sacrifices and other such rituals ? Such marvellous
compendium of text needs to be studied meticulously and construed in a
positive way. It is highly possible that some of the finest technology
be discovered which would usher the progress of mankind.

Mahabharat/Ramayan have been regarded as mere fables and not real accounts
of history. This is not at all true. Dr. P.V Vartak from Pune has
conclusively dated the Mahabharat to have occured on 16th October 5561
B.C.! Shri Rama's date of birth is 4th Dec 7323 B.C., Buddha existed, not
in 585 B.C., but in 1800 B.C. Lokamanya Tilak states in Orion that the
split between the Greeks and Indians took place around the 3 millenium
B.C. Till then they were a part of the same culture.... The "Vedic Time
Measurement" is thus an indication to the Vaidik past of mankind.

P.S: P.V. Vartak's rendering of the Upanishads in Marathi is also brilliant!
His scientific interpretation of the Bhagavad Geeta is also worth reading...

You can contact Gopal Godse on Jangli Maharaj Road. He has a fantastic
library of ancient texts ! Also, Bhandarkar Institute also holds a number
of books. P.N.Oak and P.V. Vartak also have a number of references. Sou.
Gokhale, Navi Peth also maintains a small library..You may want to cantact
them for further details...

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