\name{PublicSchools}
\alias{PublicSchools}
\title{US Expenditures for Public Schools}
\description{
Per capita expenditure on public schools and per capita income
by state in 1979.
}
\usage{data(PublicSchools)}
\format{
A data frame containing 51 observations of 2 variables.
 \describe{
    \item{Expenditure}{per capita expenditure on public schools,}
    \item{Income}{per capita income.}
 }
}

\source{Table 14.1 in Greene (1993)}

\references{
Cribari-Neto F. (2004).
  \dQuote{Asymptotic Inference Under Heteroskedasticity of Unknown Form.}
  \emph{Computational Statistics \& Data Analysis},
  \bold{45}, 215-233.

Greene W.H. (1993). \emph{Econometric Analysis}, 2nd edition.
  Macmillan Publishing Company, New York.

US Department of Commerce (1979). \emph{Statistical Abstract of the
  United States}. US Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.
}

\examples{
## Willam H. Greene, Econometric Analysis, 2nd Ed.
## Chapter 14
## load data set, p. 385, Table 14.1
data(PublicSchools)

## omit NA in Wisconsin and scale income
ps <- na.omit(PublicSchools)
ps$Income <- ps$Income * 0.0001

## fit quadratic regression, p. 385, Table 14.2
fmq <- lm(Expenditure ~ Income + I(Income^2), data = ps)
summary(fmq)

## compare standard and HC0 standard errors
## p. 391, Table 14.3
library(sandwich)
coef(fmq)
sqrt(diag(vcovHC(fmq, type = "const")))
sqrt(diag(vcovHC(fmq, type = "HC0")))


if(require(lmtest)) {
## compare t ratio
coeftest(fmq, vcov = vcovHC(fmq, type = "HC0"))

## White test, p. 393, Example 14.5
wt <- lm(residuals(fmq)^2 ~ poly(Income, 4), data = ps)
wt.stat <- summary(wt)$r.squared * nrow(ps)
c(wt.stat, pchisq(wt.stat, df = 3, lower = FALSE))

## Bresch-Pagan test, p. 395, Example 14.7
bptest(fmq, studentize = FALSE)
bptest(fmq)

## Francisco Cribari-Neto, Asymptotic Inference, CSDA 45
## quasi z-tests, p. 229, Table 8
## with Alaska
coeftest(fmq, df = Inf)[3,4]
coeftest(fmq, df = Inf, vcov = vcovHC(fmq, type = "HC0"))[3,4]
coeftest(fmq, df = Inf, vcov = vcovHC(fmq, type = "HC3"))[3,4]
coeftest(fmq, df = Inf, vcov = vcovHC(fmq, type = "HC4"))[3,4]
## without Alaska (observation 2)
fmq1 <- lm(Expenditure ~ Income + I(Income^2), data = ps[-2,])
coeftest(fmq1, df = Inf)[3,4]
coeftest(fmq1, df = Inf, vcov = vcovHC(fmq1, type = "HC0"))[3,4]
coeftest(fmq1, df = Inf, vcov = vcovHC(fmq1, type = "HC3"))[3,4]
coeftest(fmq1, df = Inf, vcov = vcovHC(fmq1, type = "HC4"))[3,4]
}

## visualization, p. 230, Figure 1
plot(Expenditure ~ Income, data = ps,
  xlab = "per capita income",
  ylab = "per capita spending on public schools")
inc <- seq(0.5, 1.2, by = 0.001)
lines(inc, predict(fmq, data.frame(Income = inc)), col = 4)
fml <- lm(Expenditure ~ Income, data = ps)
abline(fml)
text(ps[2,2], ps[2,1], rownames(ps)[2], pos = 2)
}

\keyword{datasets}
