/*
 * (C) Copyright 2025- ECMWF and individual contributors.
 *
 * This software is licensed under the terms of the Apache Licence Version 2.0
 * which can be obtained at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0.
 * In applying this licence, ECMWF does not waive the privileges and immunities
 * granted to it by virtue of its status as an intergovernmental organisation nor
 * does it submit to any jurisdiction.
 */

///
/// @file ensembleEncoding.h
/// @brief Implementation of the GRIB `ensemble` concept operation.
///
/// This header defines the applicability rules and execution logic for the
/// **ensemble concept** within the mars2grib backend.
///
/// The ensemble concept is responsible for encoding GRIB keys related to
/// ensemble forecasts in the *Product Definition Section*, including:
///
/// - `typeOfEnsembleForecast`
/// - `numberOfForecastsInEnsemble`
/// - `perturbationNumber`
///
/// The concept currently supports the **Individual ensemble variant**, which
/// represents a single ensemble member within an ensemble forecast system.
///
/// The implementation follows the standard mars2grib concept model:
/// - Compile-time applicability via `ensembleApplicable`
/// - Structural validation of the Product Definition Section
/// - Delegation of semantic resolution to dedicated deduction functions
/// - Strict error handling with contextual concept exceptions
///
/// @note
/// The namespace name `concepts_` is intentionally used instead of `concepts`
/// to avoid ambiguity and potential conflicts with the C++20 `concept` language
/// feature and related standard headers.
///
/// This is a deliberate design choice and must not be changed.
///
/// @ingroup mars2grib_backend_concepts
///
#pragma once

// System includes
#include <string>

// Core concept includes
#include "metkit/mars2grib/backend/compile-time-registry-engine/common.h"
#include "metkit/mars2grib/backend/concepts/ensemble/ensembleEnum.h"
#include "metkit/mars2grib/utils/generalUtils.h"

// Deductions
#include "metkit/mars2grib/backend/deductions/numberOfForecastsInEnsemble.h"
#include "metkit/mars2grib/backend/deductions/perturbationNumber.h"
#include "metkit/mars2grib/backend/deductions/typeOfEnsembleForecast.h"

// Tables
#include "metkit/mars2grib/backend/tables/typeOfEnsembleForecast.h"

// checks
#include "metkit/mars2grib/backend/checks/checkEnsembleProductDefinitionSection.h"
#include "metkit/mars2grib/backend/checks/matchProductDefinitionTemplateNumber.h"

// Utils
#include "metkit/config/LibMetkit.h"
#include "metkit/mars2grib/utils/logUtils.h"
#include "metkit/mars2grib/utils/mars2gribExceptions.h"

namespace metkit::mars2grib::backend::concepts_ {

///
/// @brief Compile-time applicability predicate for the `ensemble` concept.
///
/// This predicate determines whether the ensemble concept is applicable
/// for a given combination of:
/// - encoding stage
/// - GRIB section
/// - ensemble variant
///
/// Applicability is evaluated entirely at compile time and is used by the
/// concept dispatcher to ensure that only valid concept instantiations occur.
///
/// @tparam Stage   Encoding stage (compile-time constant)
/// @tparam Section GRIB section index (compile-time constant)
/// @tparam Variant Ensemble concept variant
///
/// @return `true` if the concept is applicable for the given parameters,
/// `false` otherwise.
///
/// @note
/// The default applicability rule enables the concept only when:
/// - `Variant == EnsembleType::Individual`
/// - `Stage == StagePreset`
/// - `Section == SecProductDefinitionSection`
///
/// This reflects the current GRIB encoding rules for individual ensemble members.
///
template <std::size_t Stage, std::size_t Section, EnsembleType Variant>
constexpr bool ensembleApplicable() {
    // Confitions to apply concept
    return ((Variant == EnsembleType::Individual || Variant == EnsembleType::ProbabilityLargeEnsemble) &&
            (Stage == StagePreset) && (Section == SecProductDefinitionSection));
}


///
/// @brief Execute the ensemble concept operation.
///
/// This function implements the runtime logic of the GRIB `ensemble` concept.
/// When applicable, it:
///
/// 1. Validates that the Product Definition Section is compatible with
/// ensemble encoding.
/// 2. Deduces ensemble-related metadata from MARS and parameter dictionaries.
/// 3. Encodes the corresponding GRIB keys in the output dictionary.
///
/// The concept currently supports the **Individual** and **ProbabilityLargeEnsemble** ensemble variants, which
/// represent a single ensemble member.
///
/// If the concept is invoked when not applicable, a
/// `Mars2GribConceptException` is thrown.
///
/// @tparam Stage      Encoding stage (compile-time constant)
/// @tparam Section    GRIB section index (compile-time constant)
/// @tparam Variant    Ensemble concept variant
/// @tparam MarsDict_t Type of the MARS input dictionary
/// @tparam ParDict_t  Type of the parameter dictionary
/// @tparam OptDict_t  Type of the options dictionary
/// @tparam OutDict_t  Type of the GRIB output dictionary
///
/// @param[in]  mars MARS input dictionary
/// @param[in]  par  Parameter dictionary
/// @param[in]  opt  Options dictionary
/// @param[out] out  Output GRIB dictionary to be populated
///
/// @throws metkit::mars2grib::utils::exceptions::Mars2GribConceptException
/// If:
/// - the Product Definition Section is not compatible with ensemble encoding
/// - any deduction fails
/// - any GRIB key cannot be set
///
/// @note
/// - All runtime errors are wrapped with full concept context
/// (concept name, variant, stage, section).
/// - This concept does not rely on any pre-existing GRIB header state.
///
/// @see ensembleApplicable
///
template <std::size_t Stage, std::size_t Section, EnsembleType Variant, class MarsDict_t, class ParDict_t,
          class OptDict_t, class OutDict_t>
void EnsembleOp(const MarsDict_t& mars, const ParDict_t& par, const OptDict_t& opt, OutDict_t& out) {

    using metkit::mars2grib::utils::dict_traits::set_or_throw;
    using metkit::mars2grib::utils::exceptions::Mars2GribConceptException;

    if constexpr (ensembleApplicable<Stage, Section, Variant>()) {

        try {

            // Logging
            MARS2GRIB_LOG_CONCEPT(ensemble);

            // =============================================================
            // Variant-specific logic
            // =============================================================
            if constexpr (Variant == EnsembleType::Individual) {

                // Structural validation
                validation::check_EnsembleProductDefinitionSection_or_throw(opt, out);

                // Deductions
                tables::TypeOfEnsembleForecast typeOfEnsembleForecast =
                    deductions::resolve_TypeOfEnsembleForecast_or_throw(mars, par, opt);
                long numberOfForecastsInEnsemble =
                    deductions::resolve_NumberOfForecastsInEnsemble_or_throw(mars, par, opt);
                long marsNumber = deductions::resolve_PerturbationNumber_or_throw(mars, par, opt);

                // Encoding
                set_or_throw<long>(out, "typeOfEnsembleForecast", static_cast<long>(typeOfEnsembleForecast));
                set_or_throw<long>(out, "numberOfForecastsInEnsemble", numberOfForecastsInEnsemble);
                set_or_throw<long>(out, "perturbationNumber", marsNumber);
            }

            if constexpr (Variant == EnsembleType::ProbabilityLargeEnsemble) {

                // Structural validation
                validation::match_ProductDefinitionTemplateNumber_or_throw(opt, out, {121L, 122L});

                // Deductions
                std::cout << "TODO:: Resolving TypeOfEnsembleForecast for ProbabilityLargeEnsemble..." << std::endl;
            }
        }
        catch (...) {
            MARS2GRIB_CONCEPT_RETHROW(ensemble, "Unable to set `ensemble` concept...");
        }

        // Successful operation
        return;
    }

    // Concept invoked outside its applicability domain
    MARS2GRIB_CONCEPT_THROW(ensemble, "Concept called when not applicable...");

    // Remove compiler warning
    mars2gribUnreachable();
}

}  // namespace metkit::mars2grib::backend::concepts_
