# Quick Certificate Howto

There are various ways to create, sign certificates and manage small CAs (Certificate Authorities). If you are in a hurry and everything you have are the installed OpenSSL libraries and utilities, read on.

Assumptions: we run our own CA.

Warning: in this example no key is encrypted. The client and server private keys must not be encrypted (&kamailio; doesn't support encrypted keys), so make sure the corresponding files are readable only by trusted people. You should use a password to protect your CA private key.

    Assumptions
    ------------

    The default openssl configuration (usually /etc/ssl/openssl.cnf)
    default_ca section is the one distributed with openssl and uses the default
    directories:

    ...

    default_ca      = CA_default            # The default ca section

    [ CA_default ]

    dir             = ./demoCA              # Where everything is kept
    certs           = $dir/certs            # Where the issued certs are kept
    crl_dir         = $dir/crl              # Where the issued crl are kept
    database        = $dir/index.txt        # database index file.
    #unique_subject = no                    # Set to 'no' to allow creation of
                                            # several certificates with same subject.
    new_certs_dir   = $dir/newcerts         # default place for new certs.

    certificate     = $dir/cacert.pem       # The CA certificate
    serial          = $dir/serial           # The current serial number
    crlnumber       = $dir/crlnumber        # the current CRL number
    crl             = $dir/crl.pem          # The current CRL
    private_key     = $dir/private/cakey.pem# The private key
    RANDFILE        = $dir/private/.rand    # private random number file

    ...

    If this is not the case create a new OpenSSL config file that uses the above
    paths for the default CA and add to all the openssl commands:
     -config filename. E.g.:
    	openssl ca -config my_openssl.cnf -in kamailio1_cert_req.pem -out kamailio1_cert.pem

    Creating the CA certificate
    ---------------------------
    1. Create the CA directory
    	mkdir ca
    	cd ca

    2. Create the CA directory structure and files  (see ca(1))
    	mkdir demoCA 		#default CA name, edit /etc/ssl/openssl.cnf
    	mkdir  demoCA/private
    	mkdir demoCA/newcerts
    	touch demoCA/index.txt
    	echo 01 >demoCA/serial
    	echo 01 >demoCA/crlnumber

    2. Create CA private key
    	openssl genrsa -out demoCA/private/cakey.pem 2048
    	chmod 600 demoCA/private/cakey.pem

    3. Create CA self-signed certificate
    	openssl req -out demoCA/cacert.pem   -x509 -new -key demoCA/private/cakey.pem

    Creating a server/client TLS certificate
    ----------------------------------------
    1. Create a certificate request (and its private key in privkey.pem)

    	openssl req -out kamailio1_cert_req.pem -new -nodes

    	WARNING: the organization name should be the same as in the CA certificate.

    2. Sign it with the CA certificate
    	openssl ca -in kamailio1_cert_req.pem -out kamailio1_cert.pem

    3. Copy kamailio1_cert.pem to your &kamailio; configuration dir

    Setting &kamailio; to use the TLS certificate
    ---------------------------------------------
    1. Create the CA list file:
    	for each of your CA certificates that you intend to use do:
    		cat cacert.pem >>calist.pem

    2. Copy your &kamailio; certificate, private key and ca list file to your
    	intended machine (preferably in your &kamailio; configuration directory,
    	 this is the default place &kamailio; searches for).

    3. Set up &kamailioconfig; to use the certificate
    	if your &kamailio; certificate name is different from cert.pem or it is not
    	placed in &kamailio; config directory, add to your &kamailioconfig;:
    		modparam("tls", "certificate", "/path/cert_file_name")

    4. Set up &kamailio; to use the private key
    	if your private key is not contained in the same file as the certificate
    	(or the certificate name is not the default cert.pem), add to your
    	 &kamailioconfig;:
    		modparam("tls", "private_key", "/path/private_key_file")

    5. Set up &kamailio; to use the CA list (optional)
       The CA list is not used for your server certificate - it's used to approve other servers
       and clients connecting to your server with a client certificate or for approving
       a certificate used by a server your server connects to.
    	add to your &kamailio;.cfg:
    		modparam("tls", "ca_list", "/path/ca_list_file")

    6. Set up TLS authentication options:
    		modparam("tls", "verify_certificate", 1)
    		modparam("tls", "require_certificate", 1)
    	(for more information see the module parameters documentation)

    Revoking a certificate and using a CRL
    --------------------------------------
    1. Revoking a certificate:
    	openssl ca -revoke bad_cert.pem

    2. Generate/update the certificate revocation list:
    	openssl ca -gencrl -out my_crl.pem

    3. Copy my_crl.pem to your &kamailio; config directory.

    4. Set up &kamailioconfig; to use the CRL:
    		modparam("tls", "crl", "path/my_crl.pem")