# -*- coding: iso-8859-1 -*-
# vim: set ft=python ts=3 sw=3 expandtab:
# # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #
#
#              C E D A R
#          S O L U T I O N S       "Software done right."
#           S O F T W A R E
#
# # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #
#
# Copyright (c) 2005,2010 Kenneth J. Pronovici.
# All rights reserved.
#
# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
# modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License,
# Version 2, as published by the Free Software Foundation.
#
# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
#
# Copies of the GNU General Public License are available from
# the Free Software Foundation website, http://www.gnu.org/.
#
# # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #
#
# Author   : Kenneth J. Pronovici <pronovic@ieee.org>
# Language : Python 2 (>= 2.7)
# Project  : Official Cedar Backup Extensions
# Purpose  : Provides an extension to back up MySQL databases.
#
# # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #

########################################################################
# Module documentation
########################################################################

"""
Provides an extension to back up MySQL databases.

This is a Cedar Backup extension used to back up MySQL databases via the Cedar
Backup command line.  It requires a new configuration section <mysql> and is
intended to be run either immediately before or immediately after the standard
collect action.  Aside from its own configuration, it requires the options and
collect configuration sections in the standard Cedar Backup configuration file.

The backup is done via the C{mysqldump} command included with the MySQL
product.  Output can be compressed using C{gzip} or C{bzip2}.  Administrators
can configure the extension either to back up all databases or to back up only
specific databases.  Note that this code always produces a full backup.  There
is currently no facility for making incremental backups.  If/when someone has a
need for this and can describe how to do it, I'll update this extension or
provide another.

The extension assumes that all configured databases can be backed up by a
single user.  Often, the "root" database user will be used.  An alternative is
to create a separate MySQL "backup" user and grant that user rights to read
(but not write) various databases as needed.  This second option is probably
the best choice.

The extension accepts a username and password in configuration.  However, you
probably do not want to provide those values in Cedar Backup configuration.
This is because Cedar Backup will provide these values to C{mysqldump} via the
command-line C{--user} and C{--password} switches, which will be visible to
other users in the process listing.

Instead, you should configure the username and password in one of MySQL's
configuration files.  Typically, that would be done by putting a stanza like
this in C{/root/.my.cnf}::

   [mysqldump]
   user     = root
   password = <secret>

Regardless of whether you are using C{~/.my.cnf} or C{/etc/cback.conf} to store
database login and password information, you should be careful about who is
allowed to view that information.  Typically, this means locking down
permissions so that only the file owner can read the file contents (i.e. use
mode C{0600}).

@author: Kenneth J. Pronovici <pronovic@ieee.org>
"""

########################################################################
# Imported modules
########################################################################

# System modules
import os
import logging
from gzip import GzipFile
from bz2 import BZ2File

# Cedar Backup modules
from CedarBackup2.xmlutil import createInputDom, addContainerNode, addStringNode, addBooleanNode
from CedarBackup2.xmlutil import readFirstChild, readString, readStringList, readBoolean
from CedarBackup2.config import VALID_COMPRESS_MODES
from CedarBackup2.util import resolveCommand, executeCommand
from CedarBackup2.util import ObjectTypeList, changeOwnership


########################################################################
# Module-wide constants and variables
########################################################################

logger = logging.getLogger("CedarBackup2.log.extend.mysql")
MYSQLDUMP_COMMAND = [ "mysqldump", ]


########################################################################
# MysqlConfig class definition
########################################################################

class MysqlConfig(object):

   """
   Class representing MySQL configuration.

   The MySQL configuration information is used for backing up MySQL databases.

   The following restrictions exist on data in this class:

      - The compress mode must be one of the values in L{VALID_COMPRESS_MODES}.
      - The 'all' flag must be 'Y' if no databases are defined.
      - The 'all' flag must be 'N' if any databases are defined.
      - Any values in the databases list must be strings.

   @sort: __init__, __repr__, __str__, __cmp__, user, password, all, databases
   """

   def __init__(self, user=None, password=None, compressMode=None, all=None, databases=None):  # pylint: disable=W0622
      """
      Constructor for the C{MysqlConfig} class.

      @param user: User to execute backup as.
      @param password: Password associated with user.
      @param compressMode: Compress mode for backed-up files.
      @param all: Indicates whether to back up all databases.
      @param databases: List of databases to back up.
      """
      self._user = None
      self._password = None
      self._compressMode = None
      self._all = None
      self._databases = None
      self.user = user
      self.password = password
      self.compressMode = compressMode
      self.all = all
      self.databases = databases

   def __repr__(self):
      """
      Official string representation for class instance.
      """
      return "MysqlConfig(%s, %s, %s, %s)" % (self.user, self.password, self.all, self.databases)

   def __str__(self):
      """
      Informal string representation for class instance.
      """
      return self.__repr__()

   def __cmp__(self, other):
      """
      Definition of equals operator for this class.
      @param other: Other object to compare to.
      @return: -1/0/1 depending on whether self is C{<}, C{=} or C{>} other.
      """
      if other is None:
         return 1
      if self.user != other.user:
         if self.user < other.user:
            return -1
         else:
            return 1
      if self.password != other.password:
         if self.password < other.password:
            return -1
         else:
            return 1
      if self.compressMode != other.compressMode:
         if self.compressMode < other.compressMode:
            return -1
         else:
            return 1
      if self.all != other.all:
         if self.all < other.all:
            return -1
         else:
            return 1
      if self.databases != other.databases:
         if self.databases < other.databases:
            return -1
         else:
            return 1
      return 0

   def _setUser(self, value):
      """
      Property target used to set the user value.
      """
      if value is not None:
         if len(value) < 1:
            raise ValueError("User must be non-empty string.")
      self._user = value

   def _getUser(self):
      """
      Property target used to get the user value.
      """
      return self._user

   def _setPassword(self, value):
      """
      Property target used to set the password value.
      """
      if value is not None:
         if len(value) < 1:
            raise ValueError("Password must be non-empty string.")
      self._password = value

   def _getPassword(self):
      """
      Property target used to get the password value.
      """
      return self._password

   def _setCompressMode(self, value):
      """
      Property target used to set the compress mode.
      If not C{None}, the mode must be one of the values in L{VALID_COMPRESS_MODES}.
      @raise ValueError: If the value is not valid.
      """
      if value is not None:
         if value not in VALID_COMPRESS_MODES:
            raise ValueError("Compress mode must be one of %s." % VALID_COMPRESS_MODES)
      self._compressMode = value

   def _getCompressMode(self):
      """
      Property target used to get the compress mode.
      """
      return self._compressMode

   def _setAll(self, value):
      """
      Property target used to set the 'all' flag.
      No validations, but we normalize the value to C{True} or C{False}.
      """
      if value:
         self._all = True
      else:
         self._all = False

   def _getAll(self):
      """
      Property target used to get the 'all' flag.
      """
      return self._all

   def _setDatabases(self, value):
      """
      Property target used to set the databases list.
      Either the value must be C{None} or each element must be a string.
      @raise ValueError: If the value is not a string.
      """
      if value is None:
         self._databases = None
      else:
         for database in value:
            if len(database) < 1:
               raise ValueError("Each database must be a non-empty string.")
         try:
            saved = self._databases
            self._databases = ObjectTypeList(basestring, "string")
            self._databases.extend(value)
         except Exception, e:
            self._databases = saved
            raise e

   def _getDatabases(self):
      """
      Property target used to get the databases list.
      """
      return self._databases

   user = property(_getUser, _setUser, None, "User to execute backup as.")
   password = property(_getPassword, _setPassword, None, "Password associated with user.")
   compressMode = property(_getCompressMode, _setCompressMode, None, "Compress mode to be used for backed-up files.")
   all = property(_getAll, _setAll, None, "Indicates whether to back up all databases.")
   databases = property(_getDatabases, _setDatabases, None, "List of databases to back up.")


########################################################################
# LocalConfig class definition
########################################################################

class LocalConfig(object):

   """
   Class representing this extension's configuration document.

   This is not a general-purpose configuration object like the main Cedar
   Backup configuration object.  Instead, it just knows how to parse and emit
   MySQL-specific configuration values.  Third parties who need to read and
   write configuration related to this extension should access it through the
   constructor, C{validate} and C{addConfig} methods.

   @note: Lists within this class are "unordered" for equality comparisons.

   @sort: __init__, __repr__, __str__, __cmp__, mysql, validate, addConfig
   """

   def __init__(self, xmlData=None, xmlPath=None, validate=True):
      """
      Initializes a configuration object.

      If you initialize the object without passing either C{xmlData} or
      C{xmlPath} then configuration will be empty and will be invalid until it
      is filled in properly.

      No reference to the original XML data or original path is saved off by
      this class.  Once the data has been parsed (successfully or not) this
      original information is discarded.

      Unless the C{validate} argument is C{False}, the L{LocalConfig.validate}
      method will be called (with its default arguments) against configuration
      after successfully parsing any passed-in XML.  Keep in mind that even if
      C{validate} is C{False}, it might not be possible to parse the passed-in
      XML document if lower-level validations fail.

      @note: It is strongly suggested that the C{validate} option always be set
      to C{True} (the default) unless there is a specific need to read in
      invalid configuration from disk.

      @param xmlData: XML data representing configuration.
      @type xmlData: String data.

      @param xmlPath: Path to an XML file on disk.
      @type xmlPath: Absolute path to a file on disk.

      @param validate: Validate the document after parsing it.
      @type validate: Boolean true/false.

      @raise ValueError: If both C{xmlData} and C{xmlPath} are passed-in.
      @raise ValueError: If the XML data in C{xmlData} or C{xmlPath} cannot be parsed.
      @raise ValueError: If the parsed configuration document is not valid.
      """
      self._mysql = None
      self.mysql = None
      if xmlData is not None and xmlPath is not None:
         raise ValueError("Use either xmlData or xmlPath, but not both.")
      if xmlData is not None:
         self._parseXmlData(xmlData)
         if validate:
            self.validate()
      elif xmlPath is not None:
         xmlData = open(xmlPath).read()
         self._parseXmlData(xmlData)
         if validate:
            self.validate()

   def __repr__(self):
      """
      Official string representation for class instance.
      """
      return "LocalConfig(%s)" % (self.mysql)

   def __str__(self):
      """
      Informal string representation for class instance.
      """
      return self.__repr__()

   def __cmp__(self, other):
      """
      Definition of equals operator for this class.
      Lists within this class are "unordered" for equality comparisons.
      @param other: Other object to compare to.
      @return: -1/0/1 depending on whether self is C{<}, C{=} or C{>} other.
      """
      if other is None:
         return 1
      if self.mysql != other.mysql:
         if self.mysql < other.mysql:
            return -1
         else:
            return 1
      return 0

   def _setMysql(self, value):
      """
      Property target used to set the mysql configuration value.
      If not C{None}, the value must be a C{MysqlConfig} object.
      @raise ValueError: If the value is not a C{MysqlConfig}
      """
      if value is None:
         self._mysql = None
      else:
         if not isinstance(value, MysqlConfig):
            raise ValueError("Value must be a C{MysqlConfig} object.")
         self._mysql = value

   def _getMysql(self):
      """
      Property target used to get the mysql configuration value.
      """
      return self._mysql

   mysql = property(_getMysql, _setMysql, None, "Mysql configuration in terms of a C{MysqlConfig} object.")

   def validate(self):
      """
      Validates configuration represented by the object.

      The compress mode must be filled in.  Then, if the 'all' flag I{is} set,
      no databases are allowed, and if the 'all' flag is I{not} set, at least
      one database is required.

      @raise ValueError: If one of the validations fails.
      """
      if self.mysql is None:
         raise ValueError("Mysql section is required.")
      if self.mysql.compressMode is None:
         raise ValueError("Compress mode value is required.")
      if self.mysql.all:
         if self.mysql.databases is not None and self.mysql.databases != []:
            raise ValueError("Databases cannot be specified if 'all' flag is set.")
      else:
         if self.mysql.databases is None or len(self.mysql.databases) < 1:
            raise ValueError("At least one MySQL database must be indicated if 'all' flag is not set.")

   def addConfig(self, xmlDom, parentNode):
      """
      Adds a <mysql> configuration section as the next child of a parent.

      Third parties should use this function to write configuration related to
      this extension.

      We add the following fields to the document::

         user           //cb_config/mysql/user
         password       //cb_config/mysql/password
         compressMode   //cb_config/mysql/compress_mode
         all            //cb_config/mysql/all

      We also add groups of the following items, one list element per
      item::

         database       //cb_config/mysql/database

      @param xmlDom: DOM tree as from C{impl.createDocument()}.
      @param parentNode: Parent that the section should be appended to.
      """
      if self.mysql is not None:
         sectionNode = addContainerNode(xmlDom, parentNode, "mysql")
         addStringNode(xmlDom, sectionNode, "user", self.mysql.user)
         addStringNode(xmlDom, sectionNode, "password", self.mysql.password)
         addStringNode(xmlDom, sectionNode, "compress_mode", self.mysql.compressMode)
         addBooleanNode(xmlDom, sectionNode, "all", self.mysql.all)
         if self.mysql.databases is not None:
            for database in self.mysql.databases:
               addStringNode(xmlDom, sectionNode, "database", database)

   def _parseXmlData(self, xmlData):
      """
      Internal method to parse an XML string into the object.

      This method parses the XML document into a DOM tree (C{xmlDom}) and then
      calls a static method to parse the mysql configuration section.

      @param xmlData: XML data to be parsed
      @type xmlData: String data

      @raise ValueError: If the XML cannot be successfully parsed.
      """
      (xmlDom, parentNode) = createInputDom(xmlData)
      self._mysql = LocalConfig._parseMysql(parentNode)

   @staticmethod
   def _parseMysql(parentNode):
      """
      Parses a mysql configuration section.

      We read the following fields::

         user           //cb_config/mysql/user
         password       //cb_config/mysql/password
         compressMode   //cb_config/mysql/compress_mode
         all            //cb_config/mysql/all

      We also read groups of the following item, one list element per
      item::

         databases      //cb_config/mysql/database

      @param parentNode: Parent node to search beneath.

      @return: C{MysqlConfig} object or C{None} if the section does not exist.
      @raise ValueError: If some filled-in value is invalid.
      """
      mysql = None
      section = readFirstChild(parentNode, "mysql")
      if section is not None:
         mysql = MysqlConfig()
         mysql.user = readString(section, "user")
         mysql.password = readString(section, "password")
         mysql.compressMode = readString(section, "compress_mode")
         mysql.all = readBoolean(section, "all")
         mysql.databases = readStringList(section, "database")
      return mysql


########################################################################
# Public functions
########################################################################

###########################
# executeAction() function
###########################

def executeAction(configPath, options, config):
   """
   Executes the MySQL backup action.

   @param configPath: Path to configuration file on disk.
   @type configPath: String representing a path on disk.

   @param options: Program command-line options.
   @type options: Options object.

   @param config: Program configuration.
   @type config: Config object.

   @raise ValueError: Under many generic error conditions
   @raise IOError: If a backup could not be written for some reason.
   """
   logger.debug("Executing MySQL extended action.")
   if config.options is None or config.collect is None:
      raise ValueError("Cedar Backup configuration is not properly filled in.")
   local = LocalConfig(xmlPath=configPath)
   if local.mysql.all:
      logger.info("Backing up all databases.")
      _backupDatabase(config.collect.targetDir, local.mysql.compressMode, local.mysql.user, local.mysql.password,
                      config.options.backupUser, config.options.backupGroup, None)
   else:
      logger.debug("Backing up %d individual databases.", len(local.mysql.databases))
      for database in local.mysql.databases:
         logger.info("Backing up database [%s].", database)
         _backupDatabase(config.collect.targetDir, local.mysql.compressMode, local.mysql.user, local.mysql.password,
                         config.options.backupUser, config.options.backupGroup, database)
   logger.info("Executed the MySQL extended action successfully.")

def _backupDatabase(targetDir, compressMode, user, password, backupUser, backupGroup, database=None):
   """
   Backs up an individual MySQL database, or all databases.

   This internal method wraps the public method and adds some functionality,
   like figuring out a filename, etc.

   @param targetDir:  Directory into which backups should be written.
   @param compressMode: Compress mode to be used for backed-up files.
   @param user: User to use for connecting to the database (if any).
   @param password: Password associated with user (if any).
   @param backupUser: User to own resulting file.
   @param backupGroup: Group to own resulting file.
   @param database: Name of database, or C{None} for all databases.

   @return: Name of the generated backup file.

   @raise ValueError: If some value is missing or invalid.
   @raise IOError: If there is a problem executing the MySQL dump.
   """
   (outputFile, filename) = _getOutputFile(targetDir, database, compressMode)
   try:
      backupDatabase(user, password, outputFile, database)
   finally:
      outputFile.close()
   if not os.path.exists(filename):
      raise IOError("Dump file [%s] does not seem to exist after backup completed." % filename)
   changeOwnership(filename, backupUser, backupGroup)

# pylint: disable=R0204
def _getOutputFile(targetDir, database, compressMode):
   """
   Opens the output file used for saving the MySQL dump.

   The filename is either C{"mysqldump.txt"} or C{"mysqldump-<database>.txt"}.  The
   C{".bz2"} extension is added if C{compress} is C{True}.

   @param targetDir: Target directory to write file in.
   @param database: Name of the database (if any)
   @param compressMode: Compress mode to be used for backed-up files.

   @return: Tuple of (Output file object, filename)
   """
   if database is None:
      filename = os.path.join(targetDir, "mysqldump.txt")
   else:
      filename = os.path.join(targetDir, "mysqldump-%s.txt" % database)
   if compressMode == "gzip":
      filename = "%s.gz" % filename
      outputFile = GzipFile(filename, "w")
   elif compressMode == "bzip2":
      filename = "%s.bz2" % filename
      outputFile = BZ2File(filename, "w")
   else:
      outputFile = open(filename, "w")
   logger.debug("MySQL dump file will be [%s].", filename)
   return (outputFile, filename)


############################
# backupDatabase() function
############################

def backupDatabase(user, password, backupFile, database=None):
   """
   Backs up an individual MySQL database, or all databases.

   This function backs up either a named local MySQL database or all local
   MySQL databases, using the passed-in user and password (if provided) for
   connectivity.  This function call I{always} results a full backup.  There is
   no facility for incremental backups.

   The backup data will be written into the passed-in backup file.  Normally,
   this would be an object as returned from C{open()}, but it is possible to
   use something like a C{GzipFile} to write compressed output.  The caller is
   responsible for closing the passed-in backup file.

   Often, the "root" database user will be used when backing up all databases.
   An alternative is to create a separate MySQL "backup" user and grant that
   user rights to read (but not write) all of the databases that will be backed
   up.

   This function accepts a username and password.  However, you probably do not
   want to pass those values in.  This is because they will be provided to
   C{mysqldump} via the command-line C{--user} and C{--password} switches,
   which will be visible to other users in the process listing.

   Instead, you should configure the username and password in one of MySQL's
   configuration files.  Typically, this would be done by putting a stanza like
   this in C{/root/.my.cnf}, to provide C{mysqldump} with the root database
   username and its password::

      [mysqldump]
      user     = root
      password = <secret>

   If you are executing this function as some system user other than root, then
   the C{.my.cnf} file would be placed in the home directory of that user.  In
   either case, make sure to set restrictive permissions (typically, mode
   C{0600}) on C{.my.cnf} to make sure that other users cannot read the file.

   @param user: User to use for connecting to the database (if any)
   @type user: String representing MySQL username, or C{None}

   @param password: Password associated with user (if any)
   @type password: String representing MySQL password, or C{None}

   @param backupFile: File use for writing backup.
   @type backupFile: Python file object as from C{open()} or C{file()}.

   @param database: Name of the database to be backed up.
   @type database: String representing database name, or C{None} for all databases.

   @raise ValueError: If some value is missing or invalid.
   @raise IOError: If there is a problem executing the MySQL dump.
   """
   args = [ "-all", "--flush-logs", "--opt", ]
   if user is not None:
      logger.warn("Warning: MySQL username will be visible in process listing (consider using ~/.my.cnf).")
      args.append("--user=%s" % user)
   if password is not None:
      logger.warn("Warning: MySQL password will be visible in process listing (consider using ~/.my.cnf).")
      args.append("--password=%s" % password)
   if database is None:
      args.insert(0, "--all-databases")
   else:
      args.insert(0, "--databases")
      args.append(database)
   command = resolveCommand(MYSQLDUMP_COMMAND)
   result = executeCommand(command, args, returnOutput=False, ignoreStderr=True, doNotLog=True, outputFile=backupFile)[0]
   if result != 0:
      if database is None:
         raise IOError("Error [%d] executing MySQL database dump for all databases." % result)
      else:
         raise IOError("Error [%d] executing MySQL database dump for database [%s]." % (result, database))

