Responses
=========

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    :target: https://pypi.python.org/pypi/responses/

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    :target: https://pypi.org/project/responses/

.. image:: https://codecov.io/gh/getsentry/responses/branch/master/graph/badge.svg
    :target: https://codecov.io/gh/getsentry/responses/

A utility library for mocking out the ``requests`` Python library.

..  note::

    Responses requires Python 3.7 or newer, and requests >= 2.0


Table of Contents
-----------------

.. contents::


Installing
----------

``pip install responses``


Basics
------

The core of ``responses`` comes from registering mock responses:

..  code-block:: python

    import responses
    import requests

    @responses.activate
    def test_simple():
        responses.add(responses.GET, 'http://twitter.com/api/1/foobar',
                      json={'error': 'not found'}, status=404)

        resp = requests.get('http://twitter.com/api/1/foobar')

        assert resp.json() == {"error": "not found"}

        assert len(responses.calls) == 1
        assert responses.calls[0].request.url == 'http://twitter.com/api/1/foobar'
        assert responses.calls[0].response.text == '{"error": "not found"}'

If you attempt to fetch a url which doesn't hit a match, ``responses`` will raise
a ``ConnectionError``:

..  code-block:: python

    import responses
    import requests

    from requests.exceptions import ConnectionError

    @responses.activate
    def test_simple():
        with pytest.raises(ConnectionError):
            requests.get('http://twitter.com/api/1/foobar')

Lastly, you can pass an ``Exception`` as the body to trigger an error on the request:

..  code-block:: python

    import responses
    import requests

    @responses.activate
    def test_simple():
        responses.add(responses.GET, 'http://twitter.com/api/1/foobar',
                      body=Exception('...'))
        with pytest.raises(Exception):
            requests.get('http://twitter.com/api/1/foobar')


Response Parameters
-------------------

Responses are automatically registered via params on ``add``, but can also be
passed directly:

..  code-block:: python

    import responses

    responses.add(
        responses.Response(
            method='GET',
            url='http://example.com',
        )
    )

The following attributes can be passed to a Response mock:

method (``str``)
    The HTTP method (GET, POST, etc).

url (``str`` or compiled regular expression)
    The full resource URL.

match_querystring (``bool``)
    DEPRECATED: Use ``responses.matchers.query_param_matcher`` or
    ``responses.matchers.query_string_matcher``

    Include the query string when matching requests.
    Enabled by default if the response URL contains a query string,
    disabled if it doesn't or the URL is a regular expression.

body (``str`` or ``BufferedReader``)
    The response body.

json
    A Python object representing the JSON response body. Automatically configures
    the appropriate Content-Type.

status (``int``)
    The HTTP status code.

content_type (``content_type``)
    Defaults to ``text/plain``.

headers (``dict``)
    Response headers.

stream (``bool``)
    DEPRECATED: use ``stream`` argument in request directly

auto_calculate_content_length (``bool``)
    Disabled by default. Automatically calculates the length of a supplied string or JSON body.

match (``list``)
    A list of callbacks to match requests based on request attributes.
    Current module provides multiple matchers that you can use to match:

    * body contents in JSON format
    * body contents in URL encoded data format
    * request query parameters
    * request query string (similar to query parameters but takes string as input)
    * kwargs provided to request e.g. ``stream``, ``verify``
    * 'multipart/form-data' content and headers in request
    * request headers
    * request fragment identifier

    Alternatively user can create custom matcher.
    Read more `Matching Requests`_


Matching Requests
-----------------

Matching Request Body Contents
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

When adding responses for endpoints that are sent request data you can add
matchers to ensure your code is sending the right parameters and provide
different responses based on the request body contents. ``responses`` provides
matchers for JSON and URL-encoded request bodies.

URL-encoded data
""""""""""""""""

.. code-block:: python

    import responses
    import requests
    from responses import matchers

    @responses.activate
    def test_calc_api():
        responses.add(
            responses.POST,
            url='http://calc.com/sum',
            body="4",
            match=[
                matchers.urlencoded_params_matcher({"left": "1", "right": "3"})
            ]
        )
        requests.post("http://calc.com/sum", data={"left": 1, "right": 3})


JSON encoded data
"""""""""""""""""

Matching JSON encoded data can be done with ``matchers.json_params_matcher()``.

.. code-block:: python

    import responses
    import requests
    from responses import matchers

    @responses.activate
    def test_calc_api():
        responses.add(
            method=responses.POST,
            url="http://example.com/",
            body="one",
            match=[matchers.json_params_matcher({"page": {"name": "first", "type": "json"}})],
        )
        resp = requests.request(
            "POST",
            "http://example.com/",
            headers={"Content-Type": "application/json"},
            json={"page": {"name": "first", "type": "json"}},
        )


Query Parameters Matcher
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

Query Parameters as a Dictionary
""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""

You can use the ``matchers.query_param_matcher`` function to match
against the ``params`` request parameter. Just use the same dictionary as you
will use in ``params`` argument in ``request``.

Note, do not use query parameters as part of the URL. Avoid using ``match_querystring``
deprecated argument.

.. code-block:: python

    import responses
    import requests
    from responses import matchers

    @responses.activate
    def test_calc_api():
        url = "http://example.com/test"
        params = {"hello": "world", "I am": "a big test"}
        responses.add(
            method=responses.GET,
            url=url,
            body="test",
            match=[matchers.query_param_matcher(params)],
            match_querystring=False,
        )

        resp = requests.get(url, params=params)

        constructed_url = r"http://example.com/test?I+am=a+big+test&hello=world"
        assert resp.url == constructed_url
        assert resp.request.url == constructed_url
        assert resp.request.params == params


Query Parameters as a String
""""""""""""""""""""""""""""

As alternative, you can use query string value in ``matchers.query_string_matcher`` to match
query parameters in your request

.. code-block:: python

    import requests
    import responses
    from responses import matchers

    @responses.activate
    def my_func():
        responses.add(
            responses.GET,
            "https://httpbin.org/get",
            match=[matchers.query_string_matcher("didi=pro&test=1")],
        )
        resp = requests.get("https://httpbin.org/get", params={"test": 1, "didi": "pro"})

    my_func()


Request Keyword Arguments Matcher
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

To validate request arguments use the ``matchers.request_kwargs_matcher`` function to match
against the request kwargs.

Note, only arguments provided to ``matchers.request_kwargs_matcher`` will be validated.

.. code-block:: python

    import responses
    import requests
    from responses import matchers

    with responses.RequestsMock(assert_all_requests_are_fired=False) as rsps:
        req_kwargs = {
            "stream": True,
            "verify": False,
        }
        rsps.add(
            "GET",
            "http://111.com",
            match=[matchers.request_kwargs_matcher(req_kwargs)],
        )

        requests.get("http://111.com", stream=True)

        # >>>  Arguments don't match: {stream: True, verify: True} doesn't match {stream: True, verify: False}


Request multipart/form-data Data Validation
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

To validate request body and headers for ``multipart/form-data`` data you can use
``matchers.multipart_matcher``. The ``data``, and ``files`` parameters provided will be compared
to the request:

.. code-block:: python

    import requests
    import responses
    from responses.matchers import multipart_matcher

    @responses.activate
    def my_func():
        req_data = {"some": "other", "data": "fields"}
        req_files = {"file_name": b"Old World!"}
        responses.add(
            responses.POST, url="http://httpbin.org/post",
            match=[multipart_matcher(req_files, data=req_data)]
        )
        resp = requests.post("http://httpbin.org/post", files={"file_name": b"New World!"})

    my_func()
    # >>> raises ConnectionError: multipart/form-data doesn't match. Request body differs.

Request Fragment Identifier Validation
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

To validate request URL fragment identifier you can use ``matchers.fragment_identifier_matcher``.
The matcher takes fragment string (everything after ``#`` sign) as input for comparison:

.. code-block:: python

    import requests
    import responses
    from responses.matchers import fragment_identifier_matcher

    @responses.activate
    def run():
        url = "http://example.com?ab=xy&zed=qwe#test=1&foo=bar"
        responses.add(
            responses.GET,
            url,
            match_querystring=True,
            match=[fragment_identifier_matcher("test=1&foo=bar")],
            body=b"test",
        )

        # two requests to check reversed order of fragment identifier
        resp = requests.get("http://example.com?ab=xy&zed=qwe#test=1&foo=bar")
        resp = requests.get("http://example.com?zed=qwe&ab=xy#foo=bar&test=1")

    run()

Request Headers Validation
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

When adding responses you can specify matchers to ensure that your code is
sending the right headers and provide different responses based on the request
headers.

.. code-block:: python

    import responses
    import requests
    from responses import matchers


    @responses.activate
    def test_content_type():
        responses.add(
            responses.GET,
            url="http://example.com/",
            body="hello world",
            match=[
                matchers.header_matcher({"Accept": "text/plain"})
            ]
        )

        responses.add(
            responses.GET,
            url="http://example.com/",
            json={"content": "hello world"},
            match=[
                matchers.header_matcher({"Accept": "application/json"})
            ]
        )

        # request in reverse order to how they were added!
        resp = requests.get("http://example.com/", headers={"Accept": "application/json"})
        assert resp.json() == {"content": "hello world"}

        resp = requests.get("http://example.com/", headers={"Accept": "text/plain"})
        assert resp.text == "hello world"

Because ``requests`` will send several standard headers in addition to what was
specified by your code, request headers that are additional to the ones
passed to the matcher are ignored by default. You can change this behaviour by
passing ``strict_match=True`` to the matcher to ensure that only the headers
that you're expecting are sent and no others. Note that you will probably have
to use a ``PreparedRequest`` in your code to ensure that ``requests`` doesn't
include any additional headers.

.. code-block:: python

    import responses
    import requests
    from responses import matchers

    @responses.activate
    def test_content_type():
        responses.add(
            responses.GET,
            url="http://example.com/",
            body="hello world",
            match=[
                matchers.header_matcher({"Accept": "text/plain"}, strict_match=True)
            ]
        )

        # this will fail because requests adds its own headers
        with pytest.raises(ConnectionError):
            requests.get("http://example.com/", headers={"Accept": "text/plain"})

        # a prepared request where you overwrite the headers before sending will work
        session = requests.Session()
        prepped = session.prepare_request(
            requests.Request(
                method="GET",
                url="http://example.com/",
            )
        )
        prepped.headers = {"Accept": "text/plain"}

        resp = session.send(prepped)
        assert resp.text == "hello world"


Creating Custom Matcher
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

If your application requires other encodings or different data validation you can build
your own matcher that returns ``Tuple[matches: bool, reason: str]``.
Where boolean represents ``True`` or ``False`` if the request parameters match and
the string is a reason in case of match failure. Your matcher can
expect a ``PreparedRequest`` parameter to be provided by ``responses``.

Note, ``PreparedRequest`` is customized and has additional attributes ``params`` and ``req_kwargs``.

Response Registry
---------------------------

By default, ``responses`` will search all registered ``Response`` objects and
return a match. If only one ``Response`` is registered, the registry is kept unchanged.
However, if multiple matches are found for the same request, then first match is returned and
removed from registry.

Such behavior is suitable for most of use cases, but to handle special conditions, you can
implement custom registry which must follow interface of ``registries.FirstMatchRegistry``.
Redefining the ``find`` method will allow you to create custom search logic and return
appropriate ``Response``

Example that shows how to set custom registry

.. code-block:: python

    import responses
    from responses import registries


    class CustomRegistry(registries.FirstMatchRegistry):
        pass


    """ Before tests: <responses.registries.FirstMatchRegistry object> """

    # using function decorator
    @responses.activate(registry=CustomRegistry)
    def run():
        """ Within test: <__main__.CustomRegistry object> """

    run()
    """ After test: <responses.registries.FirstMatchRegistry object> """

    # using context manager
    with responses.RequestsMock(registry=CustomRegistry) as rsps:
        """ In context manager: <__main__.CustomRegistry object> """

    """
    After exit from context manager: <responses.registries.FirstMatchRegistry object>
    """

Dynamic Responses
-----------------

You can utilize callbacks to provide dynamic responses. The callback must return
a tuple of (``status``, ``headers``, ``body``).

..  code-block:: python

    import json

    import responses
    import requests

    @responses.activate
    def test_calc_api():

        def request_callback(request):
            payload = json.loads(request.body)
            resp_body = {'value': sum(payload['numbers'])}
            headers = {'request-id': '728d329e-0e86-11e4-a748-0c84dc037c13'}
            return (200, headers, json.dumps(resp_body))

        responses.add_callback(
            responses.POST, 'http://calc.com/sum',
            callback=request_callback,
            content_type='application/json',
        )

        resp = requests.post(
            'http://calc.com/sum',
            json.dumps({'numbers': [1, 2, 3]}),
            headers={'content-type': 'application/json'},
        )

        assert resp.json() == {'value': 6}

        assert len(responses.calls) == 1
        assert responses.calls[0].request.url == 'http://calc.com/sum'
        assert responses.calls[0].response.text == '{"value": 6}'
        assert (
            responses.calls[0].response.headers['request-id'] ==
            '728d329e-0e86-11e4-a748-0c84dc037c13'
        )

You can also pass a compiled regex to ``add_callback`` to match multiple urls:

..  code-block:: python

    import re, json

    from functools import reduce

    import responses
    import requests

    operators = {
      'sum': lambda x, y: x+y,
      'prod': lambda x, y: x*y,
      'pow': lambda x, y: x**y
    }

    @responses.activate
    def test_regex_url():

        def request_callback(request):
            payload = json.loads(request.body)
            operator_name = request.path_url[1:]

            operator = operators[operator_name]

            resp_body = {'value': reduce(operator, payload['numbers'])}
            headers = {'request-id': '728d329e-0e86-11e4-a748-0c84dc037c13'}
            return (200, headers, json.dumps(resp_body))

        responses.add_callback(
            responses.POST,
            re.compile('http://calc.com/(sum|prod|pow|unsupported)'),
            callback=request_callback,
            content_type='application/json',
        )

        resp = requests.post(
            'http://calc.com/prod',
            json.dumps({'numbers': [2, 3, 4]}),
            headers={'content-type': 'application/json'},
        )
        assert resp.json() == {'value': 24}

    test_regex_url()


If you want to pass extra keyword arguments to the callback function, for example when reusing
a callback function to give a slightly different result, you can use ``functools.partial``:

.. code-block:: python

    from functools import partial

    ...

        def request_callback(request, id=None):
            payload = json.loads(request.body)
            resp_body = {'value': sum(payload['numbers'])}
            headers = {'request-id': id}
            return (200, headers, json.dumps(resp_body))

        responses.add_callback(
            responses.POST, 'http://calc.com/sum',
            callback=partial(request_callback, id='728d329e-0e86-11e4-a748-0c84dc037c13'),
            content_type='application/json',
        )


You can see params passed in the original ``request`` in ``responses.calls[].request.params``:

.. code-block:: python

    import responses
    import requests

    @responses.activate
    def test_request_params():
        responses.add(
            method=responses.GET,
            url="http://example.com?hello=world",
            body="test",
            match_querystring=False,
        )

        resp = requests.get('http://example.com', params={"hello": "world"})
        assert responses.calls[0].request.params == {"hello": "world"}

Responses as a context manager
------------------------------

..  code-block:: python

    import responses
    import requests

    def test_my_api():
        with responses.RequestsMock() as rsps:
            rsps.add(responses.GET, 'http://twitter.com/api/1/foobar',
                     body='{}', status=200,
                     content_type='application/json')
            resp = requests.get('http://twitter.com/api/1/foobar')

            assert resp.status_code == 200

        # outside the context manager requests will hit the remote server
        resp = requests.get('http://twitter.com/api/1/foobar')
        resp.status_code == 404

Responses as a pytest fixture
-----------------------------

.. code-block:: python

    @pytest.fixture
    def mocked_responses():
        with responses.RequestsMock() as rsps:
            yield rsps

    def test_api(mocked_responses):
        mocked_responses.add(
            responses.GET, 'http://twitter.com/api/1/foobar',
            body='{}', status=200,
            content_type='application/json')
        resp = requests.get('http://twitter.com/api/1/foobar')
        assert resp.status_code == 200

Responses inside a unittest setUp()
-----------------------------------

When run with unittest tests, this can be used to set up some
generic class-level responses, that may be complemented by each test

.. code-block:: python

    class TestMyApi(unittest.TestCase):
        def setUp(self):
            responses.add(responses.GET, 'https://example.com', body="within setup")
            # here go other self.responses.add(...)

        @responses.activate
        def test_my_func(self):
            responses.add(
                responses.GET,
                "https://httpbin.org/get",
                match=[matchers.query_param_matcher({"test": "1", "didi": "pro"})],
                body="within test"
            )
            resp = requests.get("https://example.com")
            resp2 = requests.get("https://httpbin.org/get", params={"test": "1", "didi": "pro"})
            print(resp.text)
            # >>> within setup
            print(resp2.text)
            # >>> within test


Assertions on declared responses
--------------------------------

When used as a context manager, Responses will, by default, raise an assertion
error if a url was registered but not accessed. This can be disabled by passing
the ``assert_all_requests_are_fired`` value:

.. code-block:: python

    import responses
    import requests

    def test_my_api():
        with responses.RequestsMock(assert_all_requests_are_fired=False) as rsps:
            rsps.add(responses.GET, 'http://twitter.com/api/1/foobar',
                     body='{}', status=200,
                     content_type='application/json')

assert_call_count
-----------------

Assert that the request was called exactly n times.

.. code-block:: python

    import responses
    import requests

    @responses.activate
    def test_assert_call_count():
        responses.add(responses.GET, "http://example.com")

        requests.get("http://example.com")
        assert responses.assert_call_count("http://example.com", 1) is True

        requests.get("http://example.com")
        with pytest.raises(AssertionError) as excinfo:
            responses.assert_call_count("http://example.com", 1)
        assert "Expected URL 'http://example.com' to be called 1 times. Called 2 times." in str(excinfo.value)


Multiple Responses
------------------

You can also add multiple responses for the same url:

..  code-block:: python

    import responses
    import requests

    @responses.activate
    def test_my_api():
        responses.add(responses.GET, 'http://twitter.com/api/1/foobar', status=500)
        responses.add(responses.GET, 'http://twitter.com/api/1/foobar',
                      body='{}', status=200,
                      content_type='application/json')

        resp = requests.get('http://twitter.com/api/1/foobar')
        assert resp.status_code == 500
        resp = requests.get('http://twitter.com/api/1/foobar')
        assert resp.status_code == 200


Using a callback to modify the response
---------------------------------------

If you use customized processing in `requests` via subclassing/mixins, or if you
have library tools that interact with `requests` at a low level, you may need
to add extended processing to the mocked Response object to fully simulate the
environment for your tests.  A `response_callback` can be used, which will be
wrapped by the library before being returned to the caller.  The callback
accepts a `response` as it's single argument, and is expected to return a
single `response` object.

..  code-block:: python

    import responses
    import requests

    def response_callback(resp):
        resp.callback_processed = True
        return resp

    with responses.RequestsMock(response_callback=response_callback) as m:
        m.add(responses.GET, 'http://example.com', body=b'test')
        resp = requests.get('http://example.com')
        assert resp.text == "test"
        assert hasattr(resp, 'callback_processed')
        assert resp.callback_processed is True


Passing through real requests
-----------------------------

In some cases you may wish to allow for certain requests to pass through responses
and hit a real server. This can be done with the ``add_passthru`` methods:

.. code-block:: python

    import responses

    @responses.activate
    def test_my_api():
        responses.add_passthru('https://percy.io')

This will allow any requests matching that prefix, that is otherwise not
registered as a mock response, to passthru using the standard behavior.

Pass through endpoints can be configured with regex patterns if you
need to allow an entire domain or path subtree to send requests:

.. code-block:: python

    responses.add_passthru(re.compile('https://percy.io/\\w+'))


Lastly, you can use the `response.passthrough` attribute on `BaseResponse` or
use ``PassthroughResponse`` to enable a response to behave as a pass through.

.. code-block:: python

    # Enable passthrough for a single response
    response = Response(responses.GET, 'http://example.com', body='not used')
    response.passthrough = True
    responses.add(response)

    # Use PassthroughResponse
    response = PassthroughResponse(responses.GET, 'http://example.com')
    responses.add(response)

Viewing/Modifying registered responses
--------------------------------------

Registered responses are available as a public method of the RequestMock
instance. It is sometimes useful for debugging purposes to view the stack of
registered responses which can be accessed via ``responses.registered()``.

The ``replace`` function allows a previously registered ``response`` to be
changed. The method signature is identical to ``add``. ``response`` s are
identified using ``method`` and ``url``. Only the first matched ``response`` is
replaced.

..  code-block:: python

    import responses
    import requests

    @responses.activate
    def test_replace():

        responses.add(responses.GET, 'http://example.org', json={'data': 1})
        responses.replace(responses.GET, 'http://example.org', json={'data': 2})

        resp = requests.get('http://example.org')

        assert resp.json() == {'data': 2}


The ``upsert`` function allows a previously registered ``response`` to be
changed like ``replace``. If the response is registered, the ``upsert`` function
will registered it like ``add``.

``remove`` takes a ``method`` and ``url`` argument and will remove **all**
matched responses from the registered list.

Finally, ``reset`` will reset all registered responses.

Contributing
------------

Environment Configuration
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

Responses uses several linting and autoformatting utilities, so it's important that when
submitting patches you use the appropriate toolchain:

Clone the repository:

.. code-block:: shell

    git clone https://github.com/getsentry/responses.git

Create an environment (e.g. with ``virtualenv``):

.. code-block:: shell

    virtualenv .env && source .env/bin/activate

Configure development requirements:

.. code-block:: shell

    make develop


Tests and Code Quality Validation
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

The easiest way to validate your code is to run tests via ``tox``.
Current ``tox`` configuration runs the same checks that are used in
GitHub Actions CI/CD pipeline.

Please execute the following command line from the project root to validate
your code against:

* Unit tests in all Python versions that are supported by this project
* Type validation via ``mypy``
* All ``pre-commit`` hooks

.. code-block:: shell

    tox

Alternatively, you can always run a single test. See documentation below.

Unit tests
""""""""""

Responses uses `Pytest <https://docs.pytest.org/en/latest/>`_ for
testing. You can run all tests by:

.. code-block:: shell

    tox -e py37
    tox -e py310

OR manually activate required version of Python and run

.. code-block:: shell

    pytest

And run a single test by:

.. code-block:: shell

    pytest -k '<test_function_name>'

Type Validation
"""""""""""""""

To verify ``type`` compliance, run `mypy <https://github.com/python/mypy>`_ linter:

.. code-block:: shell

    tox -e mypy

OR

.. code-block:: shell

    mypy --config-file=./mypy.ini -p responses

Code Quality and Style
""""""""""""""""""""""

To check code style and reformat it run:

.. code-block:: shell

    tox -e precom

OR

.. code-block:: shell

    pre-commit run --all-files

Note: on some OS, you have to use ``pre_commit``
