#include <errno.h>
#include <inttypes.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>

#include "array.h"
#include "assert.h"
#include "byte.h"
#include "configuration.h"
#include "entry.h"
#include "heap.h"
#include "uv.h"
#include "uv_encoding.h"

#define tracef(...) Tracef(uv->tracer, __VA_ARGS__)

/* Check if the given filename matches the one of a closed segment (xxx-yyy), or
 * of an open segment (open-xxx), and fill the given info structure if so.
 *
 * Return true if the filename matched, false otherwise. */
static bool uvSegmentInfoMatch(const char *filename, struct uvSegmentInfo *info)
{
    int consumed;
    int matched;
    size_t n;
    size_t filename_len = strnlen(filename, UV__FILENAME_LEN + 1);

    assert(filename_len < UV__FILENAME_LEN);

    matched = sscanf(filename, UV__CLOSED_TEMPLATE "%n", &info->first_index,
                     &info->end_index, &consumed);
    if (matched == 2 && consumed == (int)filename_len) {
        info->is_open = false;
        goto match;
    }

    matched =
        sscanf(filename, UV__OPEN_TEMPLATE "%n", &info->counter, &consumed);
    if (matched == 1 && consumed == (int)filename_len) {
        info->is_open = true;
        goto match;
    }

    return false;

match:
    n = sizeof(info->filename) - 1;
    strncpy(info->filename, filename, n);
    info->filename[n] = '\0';
    return true;
}

int uvSegmentInfoAppendIfMatch(const char *filename,
                               struct uvSegmentInfo *infos[],
                               size_t *n_infos,
                               bool *appended)
{
    struct uvSegmentInfo info;
    bool matched;
    int rv;

    /* Check if it's a closed or open filename */
    matched = uvSegmentInfoMatch(filename, &info);

    /* If this is neither a closed or an open segment, return. */
    if (!matched) {
        *appended = false;
        return 0;
    }

    ARRAY__APPEND(struct uvSegmentInfo, info, infos, n_infos, rv);
    if (rv == -1) {
        return RAFT_NOMEM;
    }

    *appended = true;

    return 0;
}

/* Compare two segments to decide which one is more recent. */
static int uvSegmentInfoCompare(const void *p1, const void *p2)
{
    struct uvSegmentInfo *s1 = (struct uvSegmentInfo *)p1;
    struct uvSegmentInfo *s2 = (struct uvSegmentInfo *)p2;

    /* Closed segments are less recent than open segments. */
    if (s1->is_open && !s2->is_open) {
        return 1;
    }
    if (!s1->is_open && s2->is_open) {
        return -1;
    }

    /* If the segments are open, compare the counter. */
    if (s1->is_open) {
        assert(s2->is_open);
        assert(s1->counter != s2->counter);
        return s1->counter < s2->counter ? -1 : 1;
    }

    /* If the segments are closed, compare the first index. The index ranges
     * must be disjoint. */
    if (s2->first_index > s1->end_index) {
        return -1;
    }

    return 1;
}

void uvSegmentSort(struct uvSegmentInfo *infos, size_t n_infos)
{
    qsort(infos, n_infos, sizeof *infos, uvSegmentInfoCompare);
}

int uvSegmentKeepTrailing(struct uv *uv,
                          struct uvSegmentInfo *segments,
                          size_t n,
                          raft_index last_index,
                          size_t trailing,
                          char *errmsg)
{
    raft_index retain_index;
    size_t i;
    int rv;

    assert(last_index > 0);
    assert(n > 0);

    if (last_index <= trailing) {
        return 0;
    }

    /* Index of the oldest entry we want to retain. */
    retain_index = last_index - trailing + 1;

    for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        struct uvSegmentInfo *segment = &segments[i];
        if (segment->is_open) {
            break;
        }
        if (trailing == 0 || segment->end_index < retain_index) {
            rv = UvFsRemoveFile(uv->dir, segment->filename, errmsg);
            if (rv != 0) {
                ErrMsgWrapf(errmsg, "delete closed segment %s",
                            segment->filename);
                return rv;
            }
        } else {
            break;
        }
    }

    return 0;
}

/* Read a segment file and return its format version. */
static int uvReadSegmentFile(struct uv *uv,
                             const char *filename,
                             struct raft_buffer *buf,
                             uint64_t *format)
{
    char errmsg[RAFT_ERRMSG_BUF_SIZE];
    int rv;
    rv = UvFsReadFile(uv->dir, filename, buf, errmsg);
    if (rv != 0) {
        ErrMsgTransfer(errmsg, uv->io->errmsg, "read file");
        return RAFT_IOERR;
    }
    if (buf->len < 8) {
        ErrMsgPrintf(uv->io->errmsg, "file has only %zu bytes", buf->len);
        RaftHeapFree(buf->base);
        return RAFT_IOERR;
    }
    *format = byteFlip64(*(uint64_t *)buf->base);
    return 0;
}

/* Consume the content buffer, returning a pointer to the current position and
 * advancing the offset of n bytes. Return an error if not enough bytes are
 * available. */
static int uvConsumeContent(const struct raft_buffer *content,
                            size_t *offset,
                            size_t n,
                            void **data,
                            char *errmsg)
{
    if (*offset + n > content->len) {
        size_t remaining = content->len - *offset;
        ErrMsgPrintf(errmsg, "short read: %zu bytes instead of %zu", remaining,
                     n);
        return RAFT_IOERR;
    }
    if (data != NULL) {
        *data = &((uint8_t *)content->base)[*offset];
    }
    *offset += n;
    return 0;
}

/* Load a single batch of entries from a segment.
 *
 * Set @last to #true if the loaded batch is the last one. */
static int uvLoadEntriesBatch(struct uv *uv,
                              const struct raft_buffer *content,
                              struct raft_entry **entries,
                              unsigned *n_entries,
                              size_t *offset, /* Offset of last batch */
                              bool *last)
{
    void *checksums;           /* CRC32 checksums */
    void *batch;               /* Entries batch */
    unsigned long n;           /* Number of entries in the batch */
    unsigned max_n;            /* Maximum number of entries we expect */
    unsigned i;                /* Iterate through the entries */
    struct raft_buffer header; /* Batch header */
    struct raft_buffer data;   /* Batch data */
    uint32_t crc1;             /* Target checksum */
    uint32_t crc2;             /* Actual checksum */
    char errmsg[RAFT_ERRMSG_BUF_SIZE];
    size_t start;
    int rv;

    /* Save the current offset, to provide more information when logging. */
    start = *offset;

    /* Read the checksums. */
    rv = uvConsumeContent(content, offset, sizeof(uint32_t) * 2, &checksums,
                          errmsg);
    if (rv != 0) {
        ErrMsgTransfer(errmsg, uv->io->errmsg, "read preamble");
        return RAFT_IOERR;
    }

    /* Read the first 8 bytes of the batch, which contains the number of entries
     * in the batch. */
    rv = uvConsumeContent(content, offset, sizeof(uint64_t), &batch, errmsg);
    if (rv != 0) {
        ErrMsgTransfer(errmsg, uv->io->errmsg, "read preamble");
        return RAFT_IOERR;
    }

    n = (size_t)byteFlip64(*(uint64_t *)batch);
    if (n == 0) {
        ErrMsgPrintf(uv->io->errmsg, "entries count in preamble is zero");
        rv = RAFT_CORRUPT;
        goto err;
    }

    /* Very optimistic upper bound of the number of entries we should
     * expect. This is mainly a protection against allocating too much
     * memory. Each entry will consume at least 4 words (for term, type, size
     * and payload). */
    max_n = UV__MAX_SEGMENT_SIZE / (sizeof(uint64_t) * 4);

    if (n > max_n) {
        ErrMsgPrintf(uv->io->errmsg,
                     "entries count %lu in preamble is too high", n);
        rv = RAFT_CORRUPT;
        goto err;
    }

    /* Consume the batch header, excluding the first 8 bytes containing the
     * number of entries, which we have already read. */
    header.len = uvSizeofBatchHeader(n);
    header.base = batch;

    rv = uvConsumeContent(content, offset,
                          uvSizeofBatchHeader(n) - sizeof(uint64_t), NULL,
                          errmsg);
    if (rv != 0) {
        ErrMsgTransfer(errmsg, uv->io->errmsg, "read header");
        rv = RAFT_IOERR;
        goto err;
    }

    /* Check batch header integrity. */
    crc1 = byteFlip32(((uint32_t *)checksums)[0]);
    crc2 = byteCrc32(header.base, header.len, 0);
    if (crc1 != crc2) {
        ErrMsgPrintf(uv->io->errmsg, "header checksum mismatch");
        rv = RAFT_CORRUPT;
        goto err;
    }

    /* Decode the batch header, allocating the entries array. */
    rv = uvDecodeBatchHeader(header.base, entries, n_entries);
    if (rv != 0) {
        goto err;
    }

    /* Calculate the total size of the batch data */
    data.len = 0;
    for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        data.len += (*entries)[i].buf.len;
    }
    data.base = (uint8_t *)content->base + *offset;

    /* Consume the batch data */
    rv = uvConsumeContent(content, offset, data.len, NULL, errmsg);
    if (rv != 0) {
        ErrMsgTransfer(errmsg, uv->io->errmsg, "read data");
        rv = RAFT_IOERR;
        goto err_after_header_decode;
    }

    /* Check batch data integrity. */
    crc1 = byteFlip32(((uint32_t *)checksums)[1]);
    crc2 = byteCrc32(data.base, data.len, 0);
    if (crc1 != crc2) {
        ErrMsgPrintf(uv->io->errmsg, "data checksum mismatch");
        rv = RAFT_CORRUPT;
        goto err_after_header_decode;
    }

    uvDecodeEntriesBatch(content->base, *offset - data.len, *entries,
                         *n_entries);

    *last = *offset == content->len;

    return 0;

err_after_header_decode:
    RaftHeapFree(*entries);
err:
    *entries = NULL;
    *n_entries = 0;
    assert(rv != 0);
    *offset = start;
    return rv;
}

/* Append to @entries2 all entries in @entries1. */
static int extendEntries(const struct raft_entry *entries1,
                         const size_t n_entries1,
                         struct raft_entry **entries2,
                         size_t *n_entries2)
{
    struct raft_entry *entries; /* To re-allocate the given entries */
    size_t i;

    entries =
        raft_realloc(*entries2, (*n_entries2 + n_entries1) * sizeof *entries);
    if (entries == NULL) {
        return RAFT_NOMEM;
    }

    for (i = 0; i < n_entries1; i++) {
        entries[*n_entries2 + i] = entries1[i];
    }

    *entries2 = entries;
    *n_entries2 += n_entries1;

    return 0;
}

int uvSegmentLoadClosed(struct uv *uv,
                        struct uvSegmentInfo *info,
                        struct raft_entry *entries[],
                        size_t *n)
{
    bool empty;                     /* Whether the file is empty */
    uint64_t format;                /* Format version */
    bool last;                      /* Whether the last batch was reached */
    struct raft_entry *tmp_entries; /* Entries in current batch */
    struct raft_buffer buf;         /* Segment file content */
    size_t offset;                  /* Content read cursor */
    unsigned tmp_n;                 /* Number of entries in current batch */
    unsigned expected_n; /* Number of entries that we expect to find */
    int i;
    char errmsg[RAFT_ERRMSG_BUF_SIZE];
    int rv;

    expected_n = (unsigned)(info->end_index - info->first_index + 1);

    /* If the segment is completely empty, just bail out. */
    rv = UvFsFileIsEmpty(uv->dir, info->filename, &empty, errmsg);
    if (rv != 0) {
        tracef("stat %s: %s", info->filename, errmsg);
        rv = RAFT_IOERR;
        goto err;
    }
    if (empty) {
        ErrMsgPrintf(uv->io->errmsg, "file is empty");
        rv = RAFT_CORRUPT;
        goto err;
    }

    /* Open the segment file. */
    rv = uvReadSegmentFile(uv, info->filename, &buf, &format);
    if (rv != 0) {
        goto err;
    }
    if (format != UV__DISK_FORMAT) {
        ErrMsgPrintf(uv->io->errmsg, "unexpected format version %ju", format);
        rv = RAFT_CORRUPT;
        goto err_after_read;
    }

    /* Load all batches in the segment. */
    *entries = NULL;
    *n = 0;

    last = false;
    offset = sizeof format;
    for (i = 1; !last; i++) {
        rv = uvLoadEntriesBatch(uv, &buf, &tmp_entries, &tmp_n, &offset, &last);
        if (rv != 0) {
            ErrMsgWrapf(uv->io->errmsg, "entries batch %u starting at byte %zu",
                        i, offset);
            goto err_after_read;
        }
        rv = extendEntries(tmp_entries, tmp_n, entries, n);
        if (rv != 0) {
            goto err_after_batch_load;
        }
        raft_free(tmp_entries);
    }

    if (*n != expected_n) {
        ErrMsgPrintf(uv->io->errmsg, "found %zu entries (expected %u)", *n,
                     expected_n);
        rv = RAFT_CORRUPT;
        goto err_after_extend_entries;
    }

    assert(i > 1);  /* At least one batch was loaded. */
    assert(*n > 0); /* At least one entry was loaded. */

    return 0;

err_after_batch_load:
    raft_free(tmp_entries[0].batch);
    raft_free(tmp_entries);

err_after_extend_entries:
    if (*entries != NULL) {
        RaftHeapFree(*entries);
    }

err_after_read:
    RaftHeapFree(buf.base);

err:
    assert(rv != 0);

    return rv;
}

/* Check if the content of the segment file contains all zeros from the current
 * offset onward. */
static bool uvContentHasOnlyTrailingZeros(const struct raft_buffer *buf,
                                          size_t offset)
{
    size_t i;

    for (i = offset; i < buf->len; i++) {
        if (((char *)buf->base)[i] != 0) {
            return false;
        }
    }

    return true;
}

/* Load all entries contained in an open segment. */
static int uvSegmentLoadOpen(struct uv *uv,
                             struct uvSegmentInfo *info,
                             struct raft_entry *entries[],
                             size_t *n,
                             raft_index *next_index)
{
    raft_index first_index;         /* Index of first entry in segment */
    bool all_zeros;                 /* Whether the file is zero'ed */
    bool empty;                     /* Whether the segment file is empty */
    bool remove = false;            /* Whether to remove this segment */
    bool last = false;              /* Whether the last batch was reached */
    uint64_t format;                /* Format version */
    size_t n_batches = 0;           /* Number of loaded batches */
    struct raft_entry *tmp_entries; /* Entries in current batch */
    struct raft_buffer buf = {0};   /* Segment file content */
    size_t offset;                  /* Content read cursor */
    unsigned tmp_n_entries;         /* Number of entries in current batch */
    int i;
    char errmsg[RAFT_ERRMSG_BUF_SIZE];
    int rv;

    first_index = *next_index;

    rv = UvFsFileIsEmpty(uv->dir, info->filename, &empty, errmsg);
    if (rv != 0) {
        tracef("check if %s is empty: %s", info->filename, errmsg);
        rv = RAFT_IOERR;
        goto err;
    }

    if (empty) {
        /* Empty segment, let's discard it. */
        tracef("remove empty open segment %s", info->filename);
        remove = true;
        goto done;
    }

    rv = uvReadSegmentFile(uv, info->filename, &buf, &format);
    if (rv != 0) {
        goto err;
    }

    /* Check that the format is the expected one, or perhaps 0, indicating that
     * the segment was allocated but never written. */
    offset = sizeof format;
    if (format != UV__DISK_FORMAT) {
        if (format == 0) {
            all_zeros = uvContentHasOnlyTrailingZeros(&buf, offset);
            if (all_zeros) {
                /* This is equivalent to the empty case, let's remove the
                 * segment. */
                tracef("remove zeroed open segment %s", info->filename);
                remove = true;
                RaftHeapFree(buf.base);
                buf.base = NULL;
                goto done;
            }
        }
        ErrMsgPrintf(uv->io->errmsg, "unexpected format version %ju", format);
        rv = RAFT_CORRUPT;
        goto err_after_read;
    }

    /* Load all batches in the segment. */
    for (i = 1; !last; i++) {
        rv = uvLoadEntriesBatch(uv, &buf, &tmp_entries, &tmp_n_entries, &offset,
                                &last);
        if (rv != 0) {
            /* If this isn't a decoding error, just bail out. */
            if (rv != RAFT_CORRUPT) {
                ErrMsgWrapf(uv->io->errmsg,
                            "entries batch %u starting at byte %zu", i, offset);
                goto err_after_read;
            }

            /* If this is a decoding error, and not an OS error, check if the
             * rest of the file is filled with zeros. In that case we assume
             * that the server shutdown uncleanly and we just truncate this
             * incomplete data. */
            all_zeros = uvContentHasOnlyTrailingZeros(&buf, offset);
            if (!all_zeros) {
                tracef("%s has non-zero trail", info->filename);
            }

            Tracef(uv->tracer,
                   "truncate open segment %s at %zu (batch %d), since it has "
                   "corrupted "
                   "entries",
                   info->filename, offset, i);

            break;
        }

        rv = extendEntries(tmp_entries, tmp_n_entries, entries, n);
        if (rv != 0) {
            goto err_after_batch_load;
        }

        raft_free(tmp_entries);

        n_batches++;
        *next_index += tmp_n_entries;
    }

    if (n_batches == 0) {
        RaftHeapFree(buf.base);
        buf.base = NULL;
        remove = true;
    }

done:
    /* If the segment has no valid entries in it, we remove it. Otherwise we
     * rename it and keep it. */
    if (remove) {
        rv = UvFsRemoveFile(uv->dir, info->filename, errmsg);
        if (rv != 0) {
            tracef("unlink %s: %s", info->filename, errmsg);
            rv = RAFT_IOERR;
            goto err_after_read;
        }
    } else {
        char filename[UV__SEGMENT_FILENAME_BUF_SIZE];
        raft_index end_index = *next_index - 1;

        /* At least one entry was loaded */
        assert(end_index >= first_index);
        int nb = snprintf(filename, sizeof(filename), UV__CLOSED_TEMPLATE, first_index, end_index);
        if ((nb < 0) || ((size_t)nb >= sizeof(filename))) {
            tracef("snprintf failed: %d", nb);
            rv = RAFT_IOERR;
            goto err;
        }

        tracef("finalize %s into %s", info->filename, filename);

        rv = UvFsTruncateAndRenameFile(uv->dir, (size_t)offset, info->filename,
                                       filename, errmsg);
        if (rv != 0) {
            tracef("finalize %s: %s", info->filename, errmsg);
            rv = RAFT_IOERR;
            goto err;
        }

        info->is_open = false;
        info->first_index = first_index;
        info->end_index = end_index;
        memset(info->filename, '\0', sizeof(info->filename));
        _Static_assert(sizeof(info->filename) >= sizeof(filename), "Destination buffer too small");
        /* info->filename is zeroed out, info->filename is at least as large as
         * filename and we checked that nb < sizeof(filename) -> we won't
         * overflow and the result will be zero terminated. */
        memcpy(info->filename, filename, (size_t)nb);
    }

    return 0;

err_after_batch_load:
    raft_free(tmp_entries[0].batch);
    raft_free(tmp_entries);

err_after_read:
    if (buf.base != NULL) {
        RaftHeapFree(buf.base);
    }

err:
    assert(rv != 0);

    return rv;
}

/* Ensure that the write buffer of the given segment is large enough to hold the
 * the given number of bytes size. */
static int uvEnsureSegmentBufferIsLargeEnough(struct uvSegmentBuffer *b,
                                              size_t size)
{
    unsigned n = (unsigned)(size / b->block_size);
    void *base;
    size_t len;

    if (b->arena.len >= size) {
        assert(b->arena.base != NULL);
        return 0;
    }

    if (size % b->block_size != 0) {
        n++;
    }

    len = b->block_size * n;
    base = raft_aligned_alloc(b->block_size, len);
    if (base == NULL) {
        return RAFT_NOMEM;
    }
    memset(base, 0, len);

    /* If the current arena is initialized, we need to copy its content, since
     * it might have data that we want to retain in the next write. */
    if (b->arena.base != NULL) {
        assert(b->arena.len >= b->block_size);
        memcpy(base, b->arena.base, b->arena.len);
        raft_aligned_free(b->block_size, b->arena.base);
    }

    b->arena.base = base;
    b->arena.len = len;

    return 0;
}

void uvSegmentBufferInit(struct uvSegmentBuffer *b, size_t block_size)
{
    b->block_size = block_size;
    b->arena.base = NULL;
    b->arena.len = 0;
    b->n = 0;
}

void uvSegmentBufferClose(struct uvSegmentBuffer *b)
{
    if (b->arena.base != NULL) {
        raft_aligned_free(b->block_size, b->arena.base);
    }
}

int uvSegmentBufferFormat(struct uvSegmentBuffer *b)
{
    int rv;
    void *cursor;
    size_t n;
    assert(b->n == 0);
    n = sizeof(uint64_t);
    rv = uvEnsureSegmentBufferIsLargeEnough(b, n);
    if (rv != 0) {
        return rv;
    }
    b->n = n;
    cursor = b->arena.base;
    bytePut64(&cursor, UV__DISK_FORMAT);
    return 0;
}

int uvSegmentBufferAppend(struct uvSegmentBuffer *b,
                          const struct raft_entry entries[],
                          unsigned n_entries)
{
    size_t size;   /* Total size of the batch */
    uint32_t crc1; /* Header checksum */
    uint32_t crc2; /* Data checksum */
    void *crc1_p;  /* Pointer to header checksum slot */
    void *crc2_p;  /* Pointer to data checksum slot */
    void *header;  /* Pointer to the header section */
    void *cursor;
    unsigned i;
    int rv;

    size = sizeof(uint32_t) * 2;            /* CRC checksums */
    size += uvSizeofBatchHeader(n_entries); /* Batch header */
    for (i = 0; i < n_entries; i++) {       /* Entries data */
        size += bytePad64(entries[i].buf.len);
    }

    rv = uvEnsureSegmentBufferIsLargeEnough(b, b->n + size);
    if (rv != 0) {
        return rv;
    }
    cursor = b->arena.base + b->n;

    /* Placeholder of the checksums */
    crc1_p = cursor;
    bytePut32(&cursor, 0);
    crc2_p = cursor;
    bytePut32(&cursor, 0);

    /* Batch header */
    header = cursor;
    uvEncodeBatchHeader(entries, n_entries, cursor);
    crc1 = byteCrc32(header, uvSizeofBatchHeader(n_entries), 0);
    cursor = (uint8_t *)cursor + uvSizeofBatchHeader(n_entries);

    /* Batch data */
    crc2 = 0;
    for (i = 0; i < n_entries; i++) {
        const struct raft_entry *entry = &entries[i];
        /* TODO: enforce the requirement of 8-byte alignment also in the
         * higher-level APIs. */
        assert(entry->buf.len % sizeof(uint64_t) == 0);
        memcpy(cursor, entry->buf.base, entry->buf.len);
        crc2 = byteCrc32(cursor, entry->buf.len, crc2);
        cursor = (uint8_t *)cursor + entry->buf.len;
    }

    bytePut32(&crc1_p, crc1);
    bytePut32(&crc2_p, crc2);
    b->n += size;

    return 0;
}

void uvSegmentBufferFinalize(struct uvSegmentBuffer *b, uv_buf_t *out)
{
    unsigned n_blocks;
    unsigned tail;

    n_blocks = (unsigned)(b->n / b->block_size);
    if (b->n % b->block_size != 0) {
        n_blocks++;
    }

    /* Set the remainder of the last block to 0 */
    tail = (unsigned)(b->n % b->block_size);
    if (tail != 0) {
        memset(b->arena.base + b->n, 0, b->block_size - tail);
    }

    out->base = b->arena.base;
    out->len = n_blocks * b->block_size;
}

void uvSegmentBufferReset(struct uvSegmentBuffer *b, unsigned retain)
{
    assert(b->n > 0);
    assert(b->arena.base != NULL);

    if (retain == 0) {
        b->n = 0;
        memset(b->arena.base, 0, b->block_size);
        return;
    }

    memcpy(b->arena.base, b->arena.base + retain * b->block_size,
           b->block_size);
    b->n = b->n % b->block_size;
}

/* When a corrupted segment is detected, the segment is renamed.
 * Upon a restart, raft will not detect the segment anymore and will try
 * to start without it.
 * */
#define CORRUPT_FILE_FMT "corrupt-%"PRId64"-%s"
static void uvMoveCorruptSegment(struct uv *uv, struct uvSegmentInfo *info)
{
    char errmsg[RAFT_ERRMSG_BUF_SIZE] = {0};
    char new_filename[UV__FILENAME_LEN+1] = {0};
    size_t sz = sizeof(new_filename);
    int rv;

    struct timespec ts = {0};
    /* Ignore errors */
    clock_gettime(CLOCK_REALTIME, &ts);
    int64_t ns = ts.tv_sec * 1000000000 + ts.tv_nsec;
    rv = snprintf(new_filename, sz, CORRUPT_FILE_FMT, ns, info->filename);
    if (rv < 0 || rv >= (int)sz) {
        tracef("snprintf %d", rv);
        return;
    }

    UvFsRenameFile(uv->dir, info->filename, new_filename, errmsg);
    if (rv != 0) {
        tracef("%s", errmsg);
        return;
    }
}

/*
 * On startup, raft will try to recover when a corrupt segment is detected.
 *
 * When a corrupt open segment is encountered, it, and all subsequent open segments,
 * are renamed. Not renaming newer, possible non-corrupt, open segments could lead
 * to loading inconsistent data.
 *
 * When a corrupt closed segment is encountered, it will be renamed when
 * it is the last closed segment, in that case all open-segments are renamed too.
 */
static void uvRecoverFromCorruptSegment(struct uv *uv,
                                        size_t i_corrupt,
                                        struct uvSegmentInfo *infos,
                                        size_t n_infos)
{
    struct uvSegmentInfo *info = &infos[i_corrupt];
    if (info->is_open) {
        for (size_t i = i_corrupt; i < n_infos; ++i) {
            info = &infos[i];
            uvMoveCorruptSegment(uv, info);
        }
    } else {
        size_t i_next = i_corrupt + 1;
        /* last segment or last closed segment. */
        if (i_next == n_infos || infos[i_next].is_open) {
            for (size_t i = i_corrupt; i < n_infos; ++i) {
                info = &infos[i];
                uvMoveCorruptSegment(uv, info);
            }
        }
    }
}

int uvSegmentLoadAll(struct uv *uv,
                     const raft_index start_index,
                     struct uvSegmentInfo *infos,
                     size_t n_infos,
                     struct raft_entry **entries,
                     size_t *n_entries)
{
    raft_index next_index;          /* Next entry to load from disk */
    struct raft_entry *tmp_entries; /* Entries in current segment */
    size_t tmp_n;                   /* Number of entries in current segment */
    size_t i;
    int rv;

    assert(start_index >= 1);
    assert(n_infos > 0);

    *entries = NULL;
    *n_entries = 0;

    next_index = start_index;

    for (i = 0; i < n_infos; i++) {
        struct uvSegmentInfo *info = &infos[i];

        tracef("load segment %s", info->filename);

        if (info->is_open) {
            rv = uvSegmentLoadOpen(uv, info, entries, n_entries, &next_index);
            ErrMsgWrapf(uv->io->errmsg, "load open segment %s", info->filename);
            if (rv != 0) {
                if (rv == RAFT_CORRUPT && uv->auto_recovery) {
                    uvRecoverFromCorruptSegment(uv, i, infos, n_infos);
                }
                goto err;
            }
        } else {
            assert(info->first_index >= start_index);
            assert(info->first_index <= info->end_index);

            /* Check that the start index encoded in the name of the segment
             * matches what we expect and there are no gaps in the sequence. */
            if (info->first_index != next_index) {
                ErrMsgPrintf(uv->io->errmsg,
                             "unexpected closed segment %s: first index should "
                             "have been %llu",
                             info->filename, next_index);
                rv = RAFT_CORRUPT;
                goto err;
            }

            rv = uvSegmentLoadClosed(uv, info, &tmp_entries, &tmp_n);
            if (rv != 0) {
                ErrMsgWrapf(uv->io->errmsg, "load closed segment %s",
                            info->filename);
                if (rv == RAFT_CORRUPT && uv->auto_recovery) {
                    uvRecoverFromCorruptSegment(uv, i, infos, n_infos);
                }
                goto err;
            }

            assert(tmp_n > 0);
            rv = extendEntries(tmp_entries, tmp_n, entries, n_entries);
            if (rv != 0) {
                /* TODO: release memory of entries in tmp_entries */
                goto err;
            }

            raft_free(tmp_entries);
            next_index += tmp_n;
        }
    }

    return 0;

err:
    assert(rv != 0);

    /* Free any batch that we might have allocated and the entries array as
     * well. */
    if (*entries != NULL) {
        void *batch = NULL;

        for (i = 0; i < *n_entries; i++) {
            struct raft_entry *entry = &(*entries)[i];

            if (entry->batch != batch) {
                batch = entry->batch;
                raft_free(batch);
            }
        }

        raft_free(*entries);
        *entries = NULL;
        *n_entries = 0;
    }

    return rv;
}

/* Write a closed segment */
static int uvWriteClosedSegment(struct uv *uv,
                                raft_index first_index,
                                raft_index last_index,
                                const struct raft_buffer *conf)
{
    char filename[UV__FILENAME_LEN];
    struct uvSegmentBuffer buf = {0};
    struct raft_buffer data;
    struct raft_entry entry = {0};
    size_t cap;
    char errmsg[RAFT_ERRMSG_BUF_SIZE];
    int rv;

    assert(first_index <= last_index);

    /* Render the path */
    sprintf(filename, UV__CLOSED_TEMPLATE, first_index, last_index);

    /* Make sure that the given encoded configuration fits in the first
     * block */
    cap = uv->block_size -
          (sizeof(uint64_t) /* Format version */ +
           sizeof(uint64_t) /* Checksums */ + uvSizeofBatchHeader(1));
    if (conf->len > cap) {
        return RAFT_TOOBIG;
    }

    uvSegmentBufferInit(&buf, uv->block_size);

    rv = uvSegmentBufferFormat(&buf);
    if (rv != 0) {
        return rv;
    }

    entry.term = 1;
    entry.type = RAFT_CHANGE;
    entry.buf = *conf;

    rv = uvSegmentBufferAppend(&buf, &entry, 1);
    if (rv != 0) {
        uvSegmentBufferClose(&buf);
        return rv;
    }

    data.base = buf.arena.base;
    data.len = buf.n;
    rv = UvFsMakeFile(uv->dir, filename, &data, 1, errmsg);
    uvSegmentBufferClose(&buf);
    if (rv != 0) {
        tracef("write segment %s: %s", filename, errmsg);
        return RAFT_IOERR;
    }

    return 0;
}

int uvSegmentCreateFirstClosed(struct uv *uv,
                               const struct raft_configuration *configuration)
{
    return uvSegmentCreateClosedWithConfiguration(uv, 1, configuration);
}

int uvSegmentCreateClosedWithConfiguration(
    struct uv *uv,
    raft_index index,
    const struct raft_configuration *configuration)
{
    struct raft_buffer buf;
    char filename[UV__FILENAME_LEN];
    int rv;

    /* Render the path */
    sprintf(filename, UV__CLOSED_TEMPLATE, index, index);

    /* Encode the given configuration. */
    rv = configurationEncode(configuration, &buf);
    if (rv != 0) {
        goto err;
    }

    /* Write the file */
    rv = uvWriteClosedSegment(uv, index, index, &buf);
    if (rv != 0) {
        goto err_after_configuration_encode;
    }

    raft_free(buf.base);

    rv = UvFsSyncDir(uv->dir, uv->io->errmsg);
    if (rv != 0) {
        return RAFT_IOERR;
    }

    return 0;

err_after_configuration_encode:
    raft_free(buf.base);
err:
    assert(rv != 0);
    return rv;
}

int uvSegmentTruncate(struct uv *uv,
                      struct uvSegmentInfo *segment,
                      raft_index index)
{
    char filename[UV__FILENAME_LEN];
    struct raft_entry *entries;
    struct uvSegmentBuffer buf;
    struct raft_buffer data;
    size_t n;
    unsigned m;
    char errmsg[RAFT_ERRMSG_BUF_SIZE];
    int rv;

    assert(!segment->is_open);

    tracef("truncate %llu-%llu at %llu", segment->first_index,
           segment->end_index, index);

    rv = uvSegmentLoadClosed(uv, segment, &entries, &n);
    if (rv != 0) {
        ErrMsgWrapf(uv->io->errmsg, "load closed segment %s",
                    segment->filename);
        goto out;
    }

    /* Discard all entries after the truncate index (included) */
    assert(index - segment->first_index < n);
    m = (unsigned)(index - segment->first_index);

    uvSegmentBufferInit(&buf, uv->block_size);

    rv = uvSegmentBufferFormat(&buf);
    if (rv != 0) {
        goto out_after_buffer_init;
    }

    rv = uvSegmentBufferAppend(&buf, entries, m);
    if (rv != 0) {
        goto out_after_buffer_init;
    }

    /* Render the path.
     *
     * TODO: we should use a temporary file name so in case of crash we don't
     *      consider this segment as corrupted.
     */
    sprintf(filename, UV__CLOSED_TEMPLATE, segment->first_index, index - 1);

    data.base = buf.arena.base;
    data.len = buf.n;

    rv = UvFsMakeFile(uv->dir, filename, &data, 1, errmsg);
    if (rv != 0) {
        tracef("write %s: %s", filename, errmsg);
        rv = RAFT_IOERR;
        goto out_after_buffer_init;
    }

out_after_buffer_init:
    uvSegmentBufferClose(&buf);
    entryBatchesDestroy(entries, n);
out:
    return rv;
}

#undef tracef
