}


 ICON(1)							     ICON(1)
			    13 March 1993 IPD219



 NAME
      icon - interpret or compile Icon programs

 SYNOPSIS
      icont [ option ... ] file ... [ -x arg ... ]
      iconc [ option ... ] file ... [ -x arg ... ]

 DESCRIPTION
      icont and iconc each convert an Icon source program into executable
      form.  icont translates quickly and provides interpretive execution.
      iconc takes longer to compile but produces programs that execute
      faster.  icont and iconc for the most part can be used
      interchangeably.

      This manual page describes both icont and iconc. Where there there are
      differences in usage between icont and iconc, these are noted.

      File Names: Files whose names end in .icn are assumed to be Icon
      source files. The .icn suffix may be omitted; if it is not present, it
      is supplied. The character - can be used to indicate an Icon source
      file given in standard input.  Several source files can be given on
      the same command line; if so, they are combined to produce a single
      program.

      The name of the executable file is the base name of the first input
      file, formed by deleting the suffix, if present. stdin is used for
      source programs given in standard input.

      Processing: As noted in the synopsis above, icont and iconc accept
      options followed by file names, optionally followed by -x and
      arguments. If -x is given, the program is executed automatically and
      any following arguments are passed to it.

      icont: The processing performed by icont consists of two phases:
      translation and linking. During translation, each Icon source file is
      translated into an intermediate language called ucode. Two ucode files
      are produced for each source file, with base names from the source
      file and suffixes .u1 and .u2.  During linking, the one or more pairs
      of ucode files are combined to produce a single icode file.  The ucode
      files are deleted after the icode file is created.

      Processing by icont can be terminated after translation by the -c
      option. In this case, the ucode files are not deleted.  The names of
      .u1 files from previous translations can be given on the icont command
      line.  These files and the corresponding .u2 files are included in the
      linking phase after the translation of any source files.	The suffix
      .u can be used in place of .u1; in this case the 1 is supplied
      automatically.  Ucode files that are explicitly named are not deleted.

      iconc: The processing performed by iconc consists of two phases: code
      generation and compilation and linking. The code generation phase



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 ICON(1)							     ICON(1)
			    13 March 1993 IPD219



      produces C code, consisting of a .c and a .h file, with the base name
      of the first source file. These files are then compiled and linked to
      produce an executable binary file.  The C files normally are deleted
      after compilation and linking.

      Processing by iconc can be terminated after code generation by the -c
      option. In this case, the C files are not deleted.

 OPTIONS
      The following options are recognized by icont and iconc:

      -c  Stop after producing intermediate files and do not delete them.

      -e file
	  Redirect standard error output to file.

      -m  Preprocess each .icn source file with the m4(1) macro processor.

      -o name
	  Name the output file name.

      -s  Suppress informative messages.  Normally, both informative
	  messages and error messages are sent to standard error output.

      -t  Arrange for &trace to have an initial value of -1 when the program
	  is executed and for iconc enable debugging features.

      -u  Issue warning messages for undeclared identifiers in the program.

      -E  Direct the results of preprocessing to standard output and inhibit
	  further processing.

      The following additional options are recognized by iconc:

      -f string
	  Enable features as indicated by the letters in string:

	    a all, equivalent to delns

	    d enable debugging features: display(), name(), variable(),
	      error trace back, and the effect of -f n (see below)

	    e enable error conversion

	    l enable large-integer arithmetic

	    n produce code that keeps track of line numbers and file names
	      in the source code

	    s enable full string invocation




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 ICON(1)							     ICON(1)
			    13 March 1993 IPD219



      -n string
	  Disable specific optimizations. These are indicated by the letters
	  in string:

	    a all, equivalent to cest

	    c control flow optimizations other than switch statement
	      optimizations

	    e expand operations in-line when reasonable (keywords are always
	      put in-line)

	    s optimize switch statements associated with operation
	      invocations

	    t type inference

      -p arg
	  Pass arg on to the C compiler used by iconc

      -r path
	  Use the run-time system at path, which must end with a slash.

      -v i
	  Set verbosity level of informative messages to i

      -C prg
	  Have iconc use the C compiler given by prg

 ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
      When an Icon program is executed, several environment variables are
      examined to determine certain execution parameters.  Values in
      parentheses are the default values.

      BLKSIZE (65000)
	  The initial size of the allocated block region, in bytes.

      COEXPSIZE (2000)
	  The size, in words, of each co-expression block.

      DBLIST
	  The location of data bases for iconc to search before the standard
	  one.	The value of DBLIST should be a blank-separated string of
	  the form p1 p2 ...  pn where the pi name directories.

      ICONCORE
	  If set, a core dump is produced for error termination.

      ICONX
	  The location of iconx, the executor for icode files, is built into
	  an icode file when it is produced. This location can be overridden



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 ICON(1)							     ICON(1)
			    13 March 1993 IPD219



	  by setting the environment variable ICONX.  If ICONX is not set
	  and iconx is not found on the built-in path, PATH is searched for
	  it.  If this environment variable is set, it specifies the
	  location of iconx to use to execute an icode file.

      IPATH
	  The location of ucode files specified in link declarations for
	  icont.  IPATH is a blank-separated list of directories.  The
	  current directory is always searched first, regardless of the
	  value of IPATH.

      LPATH
	  The location of source files specified in link declarations for
	  iconc.  LPATH is otherwise similar to IPATH.

      MSTKSIZE (10000)
	  The size, in words, of the main interpreter stack for icont.

      NOERRBUF
	  By default, &errout is buffered.  If this variable is set, &errout
	  is not buffered.

      QLSIZE (5000)
	  The size, in bytes, of the region used for pointers to strings
	  during garbage collection.

      STRSIZE (65000)
	  The initial size of the string space, in bytes.

      TRACE
	  The initial value of &trace.	If this variable has a value, it
	  overrides the translation-time -t option.

 FILES
      icont	Icon translator
      iconc	Icon compiler
      iconx	Icon executor

 SEE ALSO
      The Icon Programming Language, Ralph E. Griswold and Madge T.
      Griswold, Prentice-Hall Inc., Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, Second
      Edition, 1990.  Version 8.10 of Icon, Ralph E. Griswold, Clinton L.
      Jeffery, and Gregg M. Townsend, IPD212, Department of Computer
      Science, The University of Arizona, 1993.  Using Version 8.10 of the
      Icon Compiler, Ralph E. Griswold, IPD214, Department of Computer
      Science, The University of Arizona, 1993.  m4(1), icon_vt(1)

 LIMITATIONS AND BUGS
      The icode files for the interpreter do not stand alone; the Icon run-
      time system (iconx) must be present.  Stack overflow is checked using
      a heuristic that is not always effective.  If the -m option is used,



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 ICON(1)							     ICON(1)
			    13 March 1993 IPD219



      line numbers reported in error messages and tracing messages are from
      the file after, not before, preprocessing.




















































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